中美贸易战的爆发点和对两国就业的影响 英语Word格式文档下载.docx
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中美贸易战的爆发点和对两国就业的影响 英语Word格式文档下载.docx
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inBothCountries
by
XuChuqiong
UndertheSupervisionof
ProfessorYanYixi
SubmittedinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirements
FortheDegreeofBachelorofArts
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我,徐楚琼,郑重宣布:
除了参考文献所标明引用的资料和内容之外,本论文中不包含有任何已经被其他高等教育机构所接受的学位或学历论文资料,也不包含有其他任何人已经正式出版的资料内容。
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Declaration
I,XuChuqiong,herebydeclarethatthisdissertationdoesnotcontainanymaterialwhichhasbeenacceptedfortheawardofanyotherdegreeordiplomainanyinstitutionsofhigherlearningandthat,tothebestofmyknowledgeandbelief,thisdissertationdoesnotcontainanymaterialpreviouslypublishedorwrittenbyanotherperson,exceptwhenduereferenceismadeinthetextofthedissertation.
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摘要
十九世纪英国首相帕麦斯顿曾说:
“没有永远的朋友,仅有永远的利益。
这很好地说明了中美两国的关系状态。
一直以来美国为了自己的利益,不断向中国挑衅,这严重影响了两国贸易的友好往来。
特别是中国的综合国力上升到一定高度之后,美国认为中国凭借自己的实力,会威胁到其领先全球的地位,所以最后直接爆发了贸易战,导致两国的贸易严重受阻。
本论文的主要分为以下四部分:
首先,在前人研究的基础上,阐述了当前贸易战的研究成果。
接着从多方面对中美贸易战进行解析,分析了中美贸易战的爆发点,解释了中美相互提高关税的原因。
其次,本文以中美贸易的相关文献和数据为基础,合理地阐述了贸易战对中美两国人民就业的影响。
随后,探讨了影响中美两国人民就业的其他主客观因素,指出中美贸易战将对两国人民产生巨大打击。
本文认为,这是由于两国有着不同的社会文化和价值观。
最后,本文指出了如何解决当前贸易谈判中的困境,并阐述了其对促进两国发展的价值。
关键词:
中美贸易战;
贸易保护;
就业;
传统文化
ABSTRACT
Inthe19thcentury,BritishPrimeMinisterPalmerstoneoncesaid:
“Acountrydoesnothavepermanentfriends,onlypermanentinterests.ThisisagoodillustrationofthestateofrelationsbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates”.TheUnitedStatesdeliberateprovocationtoChinaallthetimebecauseofitsowninterests,whichgreatlyaffectsthefriendlytradebetweenthetwocountries.EspeciallyafterChina'
scomprehensivenationalstrengthhasrisentoacertainheight,theUnitedStatesbelievesthatChina,withitsownstrength,willthreatenitshegemonicposition,sointheend,atradewardirectlybrokeout,leadingtoseriousobstaclestotradebetweenthetwocountries.
Themaincontentsofthisessaywillbedividedintofourpartsasfollow:
Firstly,onthebasisoftheresearchofotherscholars,thispaperexpoundstheresearchresultsofcurrenttradewar.ThenitanalyzestheSino-UStradewarfrommultiplesides,analyzestheoutbreakpointsofSino-UStradewar,andexplainsthereasonsforthemutualincreaseofSino-UStariffs.Secondly,theessayreasonablyillustratestheimpactofthetradewarontheemploymentofChineseandAmericanpeoplebasedontheliteratureanddataonSino-Ustrade.Then,itexploresothersubjectiveandobjectivefactors,whichaffecttheemploymentofChineseandAmericanpeople,andpointsoutthatthetradewarbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStateswillgreatlycrackdownonpeopleoftwocountries.Thispaperarguesthatthisisduetodifferentsocialculturesandvalues.Finally,theessaypointsouthowtosolvethepredicamentinthecurrenttradenegotiations,andelaborateditsvaluetopromotethedevelopmentofthetwocountries.
Keywords:
Sino-USTradeBattle;
TradeProtection;
Employment;
TraditionalCulture
Contents
CHAPTERIIBRIEFANALYSISABOUTSINO-USTRADE
CHAPTERIIIIMPACTOFSINO-USTRADEWARONTHE
INTRODUCTION
Astwomajorpowersintheworld,theyarefacingavarietyoftradeconflictswhilecooperatingclosely,proceedingtocarryoutlarge-scaletradebattles.WehavetocommittedtoresearchtheburstingpointsofSino-UStradebattleforthesakeofsolvethetradeconflictsbetweentwocountrieseffectively.TheinfluenceofSino-UStradewaronbothsidesisnotlimitedinoneaspect,butinallaspects.Obviously,themostintuitiveoneistoaffecttheemploymentoftheworkingpopulationofthetwocountries.Tradedisputesneedtoberesolved.AnobjectiveandrationalanalysisofwhySino-UStradebrokeoutcanfacilitateustoeffectivelydealwithtradewarsandresolvetradedisputes,andhelptocreateagoodinternationalatmosphere.
CHAPTERI
BACKGROUNGOFSINO-USTRADEWAR
1.1LiteratureReview
Inrecentdecades,therearemoreandmorekindsofunfriendlytradeconfrontationsbetweenthetwocountries,buttheyonlycanberegardedas"
tradefrictions"
.UntilMarch23,2018,PresidentTrumpoftheUnitedStatessignedthepresidentialmemorandumformallyandannouncedthataccordingtotheresultsof"
301investigation"
theUnitedStateswouldimposetariffsworth60billionUSdollarsonChina'
simportandexportprices.Thepresidentialmemorandumisconsideredtobethetriggerforaformaltradewar.
Sino-UStradewarreferstothetradebetweenthetwocountriesisoutofbalance.ThetwocountrieshavebeenlockedinabitterstandoffoverU.S.effortstoexpandexportsandrestrictChineseimportsforitsowneconomic,politicalandmilitaryneeds.
Priortothis,someexpertshavestudiedaseriesofproblemsinthetradewar,andmostpeoplebelievethattheoutbreakofthetradewarismainlycausedbythetwocountries'
differentpoliticalsystems,marketeconomyenvironmentanddevelopmentstatusaftertheyhavestudiedaseriesofissuesaboutSinoUStradewar.Gosofarastotheimpactofthetradewarmake,somescholarsbelievethatitdoesnotaffecttheemploymentinthetwocountriessubstantiallyintheshortterm.However,othersbelievethatitwillaffecttheemploymentofthetwocountries,bothfortheUnitedStatesandChina.
XiaoHeandXuQiyuanarguethatduetotheincreaseofChina'
seconomicsize,therelationshipbetweenthetwocountriesisgraduallychangingfrominterdependencetocompetition,andthisqualitativechangeisevenaccelerating(XiaoHe&
XuQiyuan,2019,33(02):
107-129+7-8).Therefore,thenegativeinteractionbetweenthetwocountriesinvariousfieldsoforderhasbeenaccumulatingonthewhole,eventuallycrossingthecriticalpointof"
non-enemy,non-friend"
thresholdpoint.Asfortheimpactoftradewaronemploymentofthetwocountries,scholarsYuHuanjunandMaoRihuialsoputforwardthattradecanaffectdomesticemploymentthroughexport-drivenandimportsubstitutioneffects.Tradefrictionsmayreduceemploymentintheexportsectorandincreaseemploymentintheimportcompetitionsector(YuHuanjun&
MaoRihui,2019(06):
136-139).Theimpactoftradefrictiononemploymentalsoneedstotakectheeffectsofexchangeratechangeintoaccount,humancapitalheterogeneityandexpectations.Theimpactoftradefrictiononemploymentismorecomplex,ifthevaluechainfactorbeconsidered.Theybelievethattradefrictionshavelittleimpactonemploymentintheshortterm.However,thedropinemploymentcausedbythepolicyuncertaintycausedbytradefrictionsmayoutweighthedirectimpactoftheslowdowninglobaleconomicgrowth.
1.1.1LiteratureReviewonChina
AsforthefuseofthetradewarandwhetherithasanimpactonChina'
semployment,CaiHongboandXuMeiyunthinkthattherearemanyreasonsforthetradefrictionbetweenthetwocountries,includingtradedeficit,intellectualpropertyrightsandinnovation,andsoon.Theseproblemsaredifficulttosolvefor
a
momentbecausethatthetremendousandwide-rangingtradewarshowssignsofenduring(CaiHongbo&
XuMeiyun,2018(21):
58-59).
Scholarsbelievethatthetradewarcannotbeascribetotrump'
sunreasonableprovocation,butshouldbeblamedonthecontestbetweenemergingpowersandconservativepowersintheprocessoftheirrise.InMay2004,theUnitedStatesledwesterndevelopedcountriesbegantoforciblypromotethesocialresponsibilitystandardSA8000certificationandSA8000ismorelikelytobecometheforcefultooltolimittheexportoflabor-intensiveproductsindevelopingcountries.MeiXinyusaidin"
TheImpactofSinoUSTradeWaronChina'
sLaborMarket"
thatChina'
seconomicdevelopmentdependsonforeigntradetoalargeextent,sothesituationofChina'
slabormarketisgreatlyaffectedbytheoperationofforeigntrade.(MeiXinyu,2018,32(03):
1-4).
For
many
years,otherconditionsareidenticalingenerally.Theearningsofexportdepartmentsandexportenterprisesarebetterthanthoseoftheircounterpartsthatareonlyfacingthedomesticmarket,andtheincomestabilityisbetter,becausetheformercanutilizethedomesticandforeignmarkets,andusetheireconomiccyclesto"
screed"
theincomefluctuation.Correspondingly,theincomeofthecounterpartswhoonlytargetthedomesticmarketisinferiortotheemployeeswhointheexportsectorandexportenterprises.Inthisinstance,ahugetradewarisboundtohavesomeimpactonChina'
slabormarket.
1.1.2LiteratureReviewonUS
AmericawantstotakeadvantageofthetradewartoincreaseemploymentopportunitiesfortheUnitedStatesandsafeguardthelong-terminterestsofitsowncountry.Butinfact,doesthedevelopmentofthetradewarreallyincreasetheemploymentopportunitiesoftheUnitedStates?
China'
sZhangQidisaidthatthedeclineofemploymentintheUSislargelybecauseofthesubstitutioneffectofthecontinuousprogressofproductivityonthelaborforce,whichleadstothefallingdemandlabordemand;
secondly,Whenmanufacturinggrowstoacertainlevel,itsgrowthratewillslowdown(ZhangQidi,2017(05):
30-36).Therefore,theroottocausethedeclineinU.S.manufacturingisUnitedStates,notinChina.Forquitesometime,thevolumeoftradebetweentwocountrieshasbeenhuge,whichhascreatedmanyopportunitiesforthedevelopmentofthetwocountries.Theoutbreakofthetradewarhascausedhugelossestothedevelopmentofbothcountriesinallaspects.Tradebetweenthetwocountriesisawin-winpartnership,notazero-sumrelationship.
From
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