词汇学Word文件下载.docx
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Denizensareeasilyassociatedwithalreadyexistingnativewords.Theyaresuccessfullyassimilated.TheyareforeignwordswhichhavebeenconformedtonativeEnglishinaccent,form(spelling)andeveninadoptionofanEnglishaffix.E.G.uncertain(theEnglishprefixun-+certain,Frenchbyorigin).
3.homophone:
Homophonesarewordsidenticalinsoundbutdifferentinspellingandmeaning,e.g.sun,son;
pieceandpeace;
etc.
4.metonymy:
Metonymyisonewayofmeaningtransferencewherebythenameofonethingischangedforthatofanother,towhichitisrelatedbyassociationofideas.Forexample,whenIsay"
IamreadingShakespeare(meaningShakespeare'
sworks),Iamusingmetonymy.”
5.acronym:
Acronymsareformedfromtheinitiallettersofwords,butarepronouncedasaword.,e.g.radar:
radiodetectingandranging”.
6.semanticloan:
SemanticloandenotesthedevelopmentinanEnglishwordofanewmeaningduetotheinfluenceofarelatedwordinanotherlanguage.Forexample,theEnglishword"
dream”,forinstance,whichoriginallymeantjoy,music,hastakenitsmodernmeaningfromtheNorse.
7.slang:
Slangisthelanguageofahighlycolloquialtype,consideredasthelevelofstandardeducatedspeech,andconsistingeitherofnewwordsorofcurrentwordsusedinstandardsocialsense.Forexample,"
hatpet”,"
nut”,"
upperstorey”,etc.aretheslangwordsfor"
head”inAmericanEnglish.
8.back-formation:
Back-formationistheword-formingprocesswherebyanewwordisformedbyaddingratherthansubtractingelements.ForExample,"
beg”isformedbysubtracting"
-ar”from"
beggar”.
9.conversion:
Conversionisthewordformingprocesswherebyawordischangedfromonepartofspeechintoanotherwithouttheadditionofanaffix.Forexample,theverb"
release”correspondstoanoun"
release”.
10.polysemy:
Polysemyisalinguisticphenomenonwhereawordhasmorethanonemeanings.Forexample,"
show”means"
exhibition,orspectacle,orentertainment”whenusedasanounanditmeansquitedifferentlywhenitisusedasaverb.
[单选题]
Exercise3MultipleChoice
Beneatheachsentencethereare4wordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosethewordorphrasethatcorrectlycompletesthesentence.
1.Thescientistsrealizeditwouldbetootoshipallpeopleinoneboatbecauseitwasfragile.
A:
bold
B:
daring
C:
risky
D:
dangerous
C
2:
2.Thefootballplayerhadstudiedeconomicsintheuniversityforofroughlysixyears.
adecade
atime
anage
aperiod
D
3:
3.Theenergygainedfromthesuncanthenbeusedduringthenighttoenablethenecessarychemicalreactionsto__________inhisbody.
precede
proceed
progress
practise
B
4:
4.WhenPilotOfficerPeterThwaiteswasawayonbusiness,hisneighborgavehiswife_________withthehousework.
anaid
ahelp
ahand
alift
5:
5.Thereisa__________ofvegetablesinShanghaiatthemomentbecauseofthecoldweather.
shortage
want
need
desire
A
6:
6.Onlytheheadwaiterhassomeprofessionalhotelsotheserviceisratherslowandinefficient.
learning
instructing
teaching
training
7:
7.WhentheVictorianshadfamilyreunions,thehostswenttheirwaytoentertaintheguests.
infor
over
outof
backon
8:
8.Whenthereisconflictterritory,animalswillcommonlyuseforce.
for
with
by
9:
9.Havingpushedherson,Evegavehimadismissivetowardsthecar.
push
pull
draw
drag
10:
10.Mr.HarringtonaskedhissonClivetobuyaofbreadforhisbreakfastatthebaker'
snearhisschool.
pound
loaf
packet
bag
11:
11.Whichofthefollowingusuallyappearsinpoems?
horse
steed
gee-gee
nag
12:
12.WhichofthefollowingwordsisofLatinorigin?
fast
firm
secure
bathAandB
13:
13.WhichofthefollowingwordsisINCORROCTinwordformation?
unhorse
unmanned
unfrost
unhappy
14:
14.WhichofthefollowingwordisNOTacompound?
smalltalk
wetday
darkroom
hotdog
15:
15.Whichofthefollowingisformedbyblending?
pop
sightsee
copter
boatel
16:
16.Whatisthemeaningof"
nice”in"
Heistooniceabouthisfood”?
foolish
excellent
very
particularaboutsmallthings
17:
17.Theantonymof"
fresh”in"
freshbread”is________.
stale
stuffy
faded
tired
18:
18.Wesawa________ofhowtoreviveapersonwhohasbeenalmostdrowned.
exhibition
demonstration
spectacle
show
19:
19.Iwilltakeyoutoamostinteresting________ofnineteenthcentury.
wonder
exposition
display
20:
20.Nonewideas_______fromthemeeting.
emerged
submerged
merged
immerged
21:
21.Afterhisrecoveryfromillness,he________hisformerposition.
assumed
presumed
consumed
resumed
22:
22.Allourattemptsto________thechildfromdrowningwereinvain.
regain
recover
reserve
rescue
23:
23.Althoughnotaneconomisthimself,Dr.Smithhaslongbeenaseverecriticofthegovernment'
s________policies.
economical
economy
economic
economics
24:
24.Themaincharactersinthenovelseemsotruetolife,butactually,theyareentirely________.
imaginary
imaginative
imagined
imaginable
25:
25.Americanwomenwere________therighttovoteuntil1920aftermanyyearsofhardstruggle.
ignored
neglected
denied
refused
26:
26.Anagreementwas________lastFridaybythetwoparties.
arrivedat
arrivedin
occurred
realized
27:
27.As________announcedintoday'
spapers,theShanghaiExportcommoditiesFairisalsoopenonSundays.
being
is
tobe
been
28:
28.Beforehestartedthework,Iaskedthebuildertogivemean________ofthecostofrepairingtheroof.
assessment
estimate
announcement
evaluation
29:
29.Communicationistheprocessof________amessagefromasourcetoanaudienceviaachannel.
transmitting
submitting
transforming
switching
30:
30.Contrary________publicopinion,thisareahaslongbeenaheavenforallformsofinsectlife.
to
at
[判断题]
《英语词汇学》第二次作业
TrueorFalseDecision
1.Weshouldputourhandsonthedeck,whenwehear"
Allhandsondeck”onaboat.
错误
2.Comparedwith"
calculate”,"
workout”ismoreformalinmeaning.
3.Intheword"
modify”,therootis"
mod”,thestemis"
modi”andthesuffixis"
-fy”.
正确
4."
cuckoo”isaphoneticallymotivatedword.
5.MostoftheaffixesarederivedfromOldEnglish,orfromLatinandGreek.
6."
wetday”isacompound.
7.Inthecompoundword"
bloodtest”,thesecondpart,i.e."
test”,indicatestheactionuponthefirstpart.
8."
biz”isashortenedwordformedbybackclipping.
9.Absolutesynonymscanbefoundinordinarylife,e.g.begin―commence.
10.Ifpolysemyisviewedsynchronically,itisunderstoodasthegrowthanddevelopment.
11.Simile,metaphorandpersonificationarefiguresofspeechbasedonresemblances.
12.Thepersonsaying"
Weareshortofhandsatharvest”,heisusingmetonymy.
13.Phonologically,compoundscanoftenbeidentifiedashavingamainstressonthefirstelementandsecondarystressonthesecondelement.
14.UNESCOisaninitialismreferringtoUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization.
15.Actualmeaningreferstothemeaningofanisolatedwordinadictionary.
16.Lexicalmeaningreferstothemeaningofwordusedinacertaincontext.
17.MostoftheEnglishwordsarepolysemic.
18.Thecommonerawordis,themoremeaningithas.
19.AmericanEnglishischaracterizedbycreativenessbutnotconservativenessinusage.
20.Bothword-stressandsentence-stressareweakerinAmericanthaninBritishEnglish,andintonationismorelevel.
21.ThenativeelementinModernEnglishismostlymonosyllabic.
22.Technically,AmericanEnglishisadialectinsoasitisaregionalvarietyofthelanguage.
23.Oneparticularregionalvarietyisequaltotheothersineveryres
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