高考英语北京版一轮精练专题一 语法填空Word下载.docx
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高考英语北京版一轮精练专题一 语法填空Word下载.docx
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记叙文
人与自我
动词的
时态
和语态
非谓语
动词
名词
代词
冠词
介词
形容词
和副词
主从
复合句
说明文
人与自然
人与社会
统计
2
1
分析解读 1.2019年北京高考试卷将过去以句子为核心的单项选择变成以语篇为核心的语法填空。
这种命题形式体现了新课改由语法知识到语法技能的语法教学观念的转变,体现了当今高考英语改革的趋势——突出语篇,强调在语篇中测试学生的英语语言知识和技能。
2.2019年的语法填空由三篇短文组成,通过不同体裁和主题语境内容的文章来突出语篇的多样性。
三篇文章一共包含10道试题,覆盖动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、主从复合句、词性转换等主要语法项目,注重考查学生的语法基础知识和基本技能,无偏难怪题。
【真题探秘】
真题再现
阅读点拨
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Onthefirstdayofmyfirstgrade,Istoodbythedoorwithbutterfliesinmystomach.I 1 (voice)mybiggestconcerntomymother,“HowwillImakefriends?
”Shehandedmeadvice,“Beyourself.”Forthepast20years,Ihavelivedbythesewords.SoonIwillgraduateandbecomepartoftherealworld.Nervously 2 (face)challenges,IknowIwillwhisperto 3 (I)thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.
记叙文中主旨句可以通过人物的语言体现,因此短文中反复出现的“Beyourself.”就是主旨。
解题思路
1.当设空处后面的括号内给出动词原形,且句子中没有谓语动词(体现时态)时,设空处一般会考查动词的时态或语态。
短文中第1个空前一句中stood提示了时态为一般过去时,所以将voice变为voiced。
但是,此空对于考生来说有挑战性,因为voice通常以名词词性出现,所以一个单词具有不同词性也是考生需要掌握的基础知识。
2.当设空处后面的括号内给出动词原形,但句中已有谓语动词且设空处不是并列谓语时,应考虑该空是否考查非谓语动词。
如果设空处在句首,且逗号后面是一个完整句子时,其符合“非谓语动词(短语),句子”的结构。
此时,将逗号后面句子中的主语标出,确定主语与所给提示动词之间是主动关系还是被动关系,并确定所给提示动词与句子中的谓语动词发生的先后顺序。
第2个空后所给动词face与句子的主语I为主动关系,所以用现在分词形式,face应变为facing。
句首的Nervously是副词,可以忽略,同样可以忽略的还有when,before,after等引导词。
3.当设空处后面的括号内给出人称代词时,一般根据句意将人称代词进行转换即可,此空表示“对我自己悄悄说”,因此将I改为myself。
EarthDay, 4 (mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.Firstcelebrated 5 1970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions(地区).Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious 6 (activity)onEarthDay.Youcanplantatree,makeamealwithlocallygrownvegetables,orsavepower—thepossibilitiesareendless.
说明文通常都是“开门见山”,第一句就会点题,因此从短文的第一句就能找到关键词“EarthDay”。
4.当设空处后面的括号内给出动词原形,但空格位于两个逗号之间为插入语时,空格处为非谓语动词,对前面的名词起到修饰限定作用。
EarthDay与mark之间为被动关系,因此将mark变为marked。
5.当设空处后面没有提示词时,考虑是否填写介词、冠词、代词或连词。
此空后面是1970,显然空格处应填写时间介词in。
6.当设空处后面的括号内给出名词时,通常考虑将名词变复数或者变词性。
此空前面的various提示活动是多种多样的,因此activity要变成复数activities。
Doesthenameofthecollegeyouattendreallymatter?
Researchonthequestion 7 (suggest)that,formoststudents,itdoesnt.Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan 8 theygo.Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose 9 aretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife,takingfulladvantageofthecollegeschancesandresources(资源).Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend,anditsnevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyand 10 (meaning)collegeexperience.
当说明文中出现了research,suggest等词时,通常是引出文章主旨,要重点阅读并理解。
7.当设空处后面的括号内给出动词原形,且空格位于主语后面时,设空处一般会考查动词的时态或语态。
说明文的语言特点为一般现在时居多,但是此处也可体现出研究“已经”表明,或者“表明”这个动作是发生过的,所以用一般现在时suggests、现在完成时hassuggested、一般过去时suggested均可。
8.当设空处后面没有提示词,且空格后是句子时,通常考虑填写连词或引导词。
句中两者作比较,前者是从句形式,后者应该也是从句形式,根据句意可知空格处缺少“哪里”,应用where引导。
9.当设空处后面没有提示词,且空格后是句子时,通常考虑填写连词或引导词。
空格处前面是名词或代词时,后面的从句一般为定语从句,those指人,所以用who或that引导定语从句。
10.当设空处后面的括号内所给提示词为名词时,通常考虑将名词变复数或者变词性。
空格处前面的and表示空格处与healthy并列,healthy是形容词,因此将meaning变成形容词meaningful。
【五年高考】
A组 自主命题·
北京卷题组
Passage(2019北京)
A
Onthefirstdayofmyfirstgrade,Istoodbythedoorwithbutterfliesinmystomach.I 1 (voice)mybiggestconcerntomymother,“HowwillImakefriends?
”Shehandedmeadvice,“Beyourself.”Forthepast20years,Ihavelivedbythesewords.SoonIwillgraduateandbecomepartoftherealworld.Nervously 2 (face)challenges,IknowIwillwhisperto 3 (I)thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.
B
EarthDay, 4 (mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.Firstcelebrated 5 1970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions(地区).Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious 6 (activity)onEarthDay.Youcanplantatree,makeamealwithlocallygrownvegetables,orsavepower—thepossibilitiesareendless.
C
Doesthenameofthecollegeyouattendreallymatter?
Researchonthequestion 7 (suggest)that,formoststudents,itdoesn’t.Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan 8 theygo.Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose 9 aretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife,takingfulladvantageofthecollege’schancesandresources(资源).Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend,andit’snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyand 10 (meaning)collegeexperience.
答案
1.voiced
2.facing
3.myself
4.marked
5.in
6.activities
7.suggests/suggested/hassuggested
8.where
9.who/that
10.meaningful
B组 统一命题、省(区、市)卷题组
Passage1(2019课标全国Ⅰ)
ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88̊,thereisevidence 1 theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen 2 (poor)studied;
however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000—25,000polarbearsworldwide.
Modernmethods 3 trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive 4 (perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut 5 (report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa 6 (believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby 7 (note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare 8 (high)thantheyactuallyare.Of 9 nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six 10 (be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.
1.that
2.poorly
3.of/for
4.toperform
5.havereported
6.belief
7.noting
8.higher
9.the
10.are
Passage2(2019课标全国Ⅱ)
A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for 1 (be)Britain’soldestfull-timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield, 2 sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave 3 (final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire’sWomanOfTheYear.
Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene 4 (declare)shehadnoplans 5 (retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.Irenesaid,“Idon’tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI 6 (make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto, 7 becauseIwantto.”
GranddaughterGayleParks,31—whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness—saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid,“Wedon’thaveanyideawhoputGrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall 8 (say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwas 9 joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It’s 10 (wonder).”
1.being
2.which
3.finally
4.declared
5.toretire
6.havemade
7.but
8.saying
9.a
10.wonderful
Passage3(2019课标全国Ⅲ)
Onourwaytothehouse,itwasraining 1 hardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake 2 (get)there.ItwasinthemiddleofPearlCity.
Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack 3 dogs,seventobeexact.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters 4 hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand 5 (recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat,shop,andvisit.Forbreakfast,wewereabletoeatpapaya(木瓜)andotherfruitsfromtheirtreesinthebackyard.
Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting 6 (compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.Theyalsosharedwithusmany 7 (tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere 8 (huge)popularwithtourists.Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,we 9 (invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars, 10 (listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.
1.so
2.toget
3.of
4.who
5.recommended
6.c-o/mpetition
7.traditional
8.hugely
9.wereinvited
10.listening
Passage4(2019浙江)
Thereareseveralreasonswhyschooluniformsareagoodidea.Firstofall,uniformshelptheschoollooksmart.Thestudentsfeelthattheybelongtoaparticulargroup.Wheneverypupilintheschoolwearstheuniform,nobody 1 (have)toworryaboutfashion(时尚).Everybodywears 2 samestyleofclothes.Uniformscanbeusefulinunexpectedways.AschoolinIrelandhasintroducedaninterestingnewuniform.Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth 3 givesofflightinthedark.Whenthechildrenarewalkingor 4 (cycle)toschoolondarkmornings,cardriverscan 5 (easy)seethem.
Butcanuniformshelpimproveschoolstandards?
Theanswer 6 thisquestionisnotclear.OnestudyinAmericafoundthatstudents’grades 7 (improve)alittleaftertheschoolintroduceduniforms.Butsomestudentsdidn’twant 8 (wear)theuniform.OtherAmericanstudiesshowedno 9 (connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.
Schooluniformsare 10 (tradition)inBritain,butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem.Someverygoodschoolsdon’thaveauniformpolicy.However,uniformsarestillpopular.Pupilsatabout90percentofBritishsecondaryschoolswearuniforms.
1.has/willhave
2.the
3.that/which
4.cycling
5.easily
6.to
7.improved
8.towear
9.connect
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