研究生入学英语模拟测试题Word格式.docx
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研究生入学英语模拟测试题Word格式.docx
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1.[A]responded[B]recovered[C]relieved[D]released
2.[A]entertainment[B]intervention[C]information[D]encouragement
3.[A]formal[C]occasional[C]military[D]ordinary
4.[A]services[B]surveys[C]presents[D]patents
5.[A]travel[B]police[C]health[D]education
6.[A]empower[B]persuade[C]allow[D]forecast
7.[A]dominate[B]appoint[C]follow[D]encourage
8.[A]security[B]diploma[C]access[D]warrant
9.[A]prohibited[B]protected[C]compelled[D]promoted
10.[A]recalling[B]reminding[C]recording[D]reciting
11.[A]laysvalue[B]takesplace[C]takeseffect[D]putsanend
12.[A]Accordingly[B]Indeed[C]Moreover[D]However
13.[A]lower[B]higher[C]smaller[D]larger
14.[A]conceived[B]received[C]deceived[D]perceived
15.[A]comparable[B]sensitive[C]vulnerable[D]relevant
16.[A]summon[B]detect[C]collect[D]deliver
17.[A]continuously[B]incidentally[C]eventually[D]permanently
18.[A]ineffect[B]invain[C]introuble[D]inuse
19.[A]respond[B]reckon[C]reflect[D]estimate
20.[A]about[B]from[C]beyond[D]among
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
LotsofstateswouldlovetobeCalifornia,havingtheirownlittleHollywood,andthenfilmcrewswouldcometotownandspendmoneyinhairsalonsandhotels.Lastyear,morethan40stateshadincentiveslikehugetaxcreditstolurefilmproducers,costingthemarecord$1.4billion.However,thehugetaxcreditscanbejustifiedinnoway.
Californiahasnowaybuttobeinthegame,withtheassumptionthatithastodefenditselfagainstthenew-cominghunters.In2003,whenonlyahandfulofstatesofferedincentives,Californiamadetwo-thirdsofAmerica’sbig-studiofilms,butnowitmakesfarfewerthanhalf.FilmLA,anorganizationthatco-ordinatespermitsforfilmshootsinLosAngeles,saysthatwithoutCalifornia’sowntaxcredit,“2010wouldhavebeentheworstyear”sincethemid-1990sforfilminginHollywood.
Allthiscostsmoney,whichlegislatorsvolunteeronbehalfoftaxpayers.Manytaxcreditsexceedthefilmmaker’stotaltaxliabilitytothatstate.Thecreditshaveevenbecomeanindustryuntothemselves.InIowafilmmakersweresellingtheircreditsuntilthatstateshutitsprogramin2009.LastmonthanIowajudgesentencedaproducertotenyearsinprisonforcheatingcredits.Incentivesdonothavetoinvolvetaxcredits.Somestatessimplifythepaperworkbyjustgivingoutcashandothersremitfilm-makersfromsalesorhoteltaxesorgivethemothersubsidies.
AsJosephHenchmanattheTaxFoundationputsit,evenwhenastatesucceedsinluringfilmcrews,theyrarelyboosttheeconomyortaxrevenuesenoughtojustifythecostsoftheincentives.Filmcompaniesusuallyimporttheirstaffandexportthemagainwhentheshootisover,andthusthelocaljobstheycreatearemostlytemporary.
Inaddition,sincevirtuallyallstatesareatit,theprogramslargelycanceloutoneanotherandnostategetsalastingadvantage.Thecrazeresemblesawarwithmutuallydestructivetariffswithitsloopholes(漏洞)foreverylobbyandthushigherratesforall.Theonlywinneristhefilmindustry.
Fortunately,thishasbegunsinkingin.Arizona,Arkansas,Idaho,Kansas,Maine,NewJerseyandWashingtonhaverecentlyended,suspendedorshrunktheirprograms.Manyothers,strugglingwithbudgetdeficits,areconsideringdoingthesame,investingthemoneyinsomethingpermanentorevenleavingittotaxpayers.
21.ThefactthatCaliforniamakesfewerfilmsismentionedtoshow______.
[A]itlosesitsadvantagesinfilmshoottechnologies
[B]itdoesnotregardfilmshootasamainindustry
[C]itgivesimportancetotheattackanddefendgame
[D]itiscompelledtoattractfilmcrewswithincentive
22.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthewaystoattractfilmcrews?
[A]Taxcredits.[B]Freeaccommodation.[C]Cashsubsidies.[D]Taxexempt.
23.Accordingtothetext,JosephHenchmanbelieves______.
[A]filmcompaniescreatespermanentemployments
[B]itisnotwisetoattractfilmcrewsbyincentives
[C]filmcompanieshelplocalinimportsandexports
[D]filmshootingscreatelastingadvantagetoastate
24.Theauthorsays“Fortunately,thishasbegunsinkingin”because______.
[A]somestatesrefusetoacceptfilmshooting
[B]somestatesreducethestatedeficits
[C]somestatesstopincentivestofilmshooting
[D]somestatesgiveintoCaliforniainfilms
25.Themostappropriatetitleforthistextwouldbe______.
[A]FilmShooting:
AThrivingBusiness
[B]FilmShooting:
HardtoLove
[C]FilmShooting:
AnEngineforDevelopment
[D]FilmShooting:
AHigh-costIndustry
Text2
PublicangeroverhighlevelsofexecutivepayhasprovokednewgovernmentproposalsinBritainforbindingshareholdervotesoncompensationcommitteereports.Thiswillmarkarevolutionincorporategovernance,asshareholderswouldvotebothonthepastyear’sawardsandonthecomingyear’splansforsalaryincreases,bonusesandlong-termshareawards,althoughboardswillfinditdifficulttodealwithsuchinterventionincomplexpaystructures.
Asaformerchairmanandmemberofseveralremunerationcommittees,Isupportthemovetoabinding‘sayonpay’vote,despiteitsdifficulties.Themarketforchiefexecutiveshasanumberofinherentflawswhichcanbeimprovedbyregulation.Thereisastrongelementof‘winnertakeall’behaviourinthismarket,justasfortopathletesormusicians.Ifaboardhasgoodones,itwillwanttokeepthemandkeepthemmotivated.Themotivationalconsiderationsalsoexplainwhythereissomuchinertia(惰性)inthebonuselementofpayevenduringayearofpoorresults.
TheothersideofthiscoinisthatthereisnothingmoredamagingtoacompanythanapoorCEO,onewhodoesnotliveuptothetaskorwhocreatesanegativeinternalculture.Butinsuchacase,theboard’sresponsewillnotbetodeductthebonus,buttofindsomeonenew.Unlessthereisanin-housesuccessor,thisoftendrivesupthepaybecauseitwillbenecessarytoappealtothepreferredcandidateawayfromtheircurrentemployer.
Thesemarketcharacteristicshavetheeffectofescalatingexecutivepay.Tocounterbalancethis,itishelpfultoenhancetheinterventionpowerofshareholders.Thishasalreadyhappenedtosomeextentwiththeadvisoryvoteoncompensationreports,asshownbytherecentcasesoflargenegativevotesbyshareholdersinBarclays,AvivaandXstrata.
Thereareriskstothisapproach.Shareholdersmaysimplyventtheirangeratotheraspectsofcorporatestrategythroughthevehicleofthecompensationvote,leavingthewayforwardunclear.Butitisalsopossiblethatgivingshareholdersmorepowerwillcausethemtoaccepttheresponsibilitythatcomeswithsuchengagement.Ifmoreshareholderengagementcanleadtobetterunderstandingandsimplerpaystructures,thentheextraburdensonbothboardsandinvestorsimposedbybindingvoteswillbewelljustified.
26.Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph1thatshareholdersinBritain______.
[A]areangrywithgovernment’shighlevelofgovernance
[B]willplaytheirroleindecidingthedistributionofbonus
[C]findthepresentsituationhardtoproperlydealtwith
[D]canofferproposalsinthevoteofexecutivestoafirm
27.Theauthorisinfavorofbinding‘sayonpay’votebecause______.
[A]thepresentrecruitsystemforexecutivesisnotideal
[B]“winnertakesall”behaviorsshouldbeencouraged
[C]goodexecutivesarehardtogetunlesswellpaid
[D]topexecutivesbehavejustasathletesormusicians
28.Wecaninferfromparagraph3that______.
[A]acompanywillmotivateexecutivesbyreducingtheirbonus
[B]companiesplayemphasisonthecultivationofexecutives
[C]asuccessorofthepoorCEOislikelytogetahigherpay
[D]companiespreferexecutivesfromthepresentemployees
29.Theinterventionofthepowerofshareholderscanprevent______.
[A]executivesfromleavingacompany
[B]acompanyfromreleasingafalsereport
[C]executivesfromgivingne
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