学术英语写作总结Word格式文档下载.docx
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学术英语写作总结Word格式文档下载.docx
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(4)avoidaddressingthereaderasyou(except,ofcourse,ifyouarewritinga textbookorotherinstructionalmaterials). 例:
youcanseetheresultsintable1.
改为:
theresultscanbeseenintable1.
itisnecessarytoconsiderhowcostsmaybelowered. 或者wenowneedtoconsiderhowcostsmaybelowered.
(6)placeadverbwithintheverb. 例:
thismodelwasdevelopedbykrugmanoriginally.
thismodelwasoriginallydevelopedbykrugman.
(7)considerwhetheryoushouldsplitinfinitives. 例:
weneedtoadequatelymeettheneedsofthoseenrolledintheprogram.
(8)aimforanefficientuseofwords. 例:
therearesomeinorganicmaterialsthatcanbeusedbybioengineersintheprocessoftissueengineeringthathavebeenshowntobeverypromising. 改为:
someinorganicmaterialsusedintissueengineeringhaveshowngreat promise. 习题:
youcanusethismodeltoanalyzetheeffectsofseveralparameterchanges.错误:
使用了you。
thismodelcanbeusedtoanalyzetheeffectsofseveralparameterchanges. ok,whatarethereasonsthatcoffeepriceshavefallenthere’realotofpossibilities.
错误:
使用了口语ok;
直接引语的使用;
使用了缩略词there’re。
coffeepriceshavefallenformanyreasons.
youcanseethedifferencebetweenthesetwoapproachestodesigningundergroundsubwaystationsclearly.
使用了you;
将副词clearly放在了句尾。
thedifferencebetweenthesetwoapproachestodesigningundergroundsubwaystationcanclearlybeseen. 错误:
使用了sofar;
使用了therebe结构;
使用了not...any结构;
使用了非正式的lookinginto。
therearesomestudiesthathaveconcludedthatbamboocouldbeusedbybuildersmorewidelythanitisnowasaconstructionmaterial. 错误:
副词widely位置放错。
somestudieshaveconcludedthatbamboocouldbemorewidelyusedthanitisnowasaconstructionmaterial.
thesespecialtaxlawshavebeenenactedinsixstates:
illinois,iowa,ohio,etc.错误:
使用了etc。
thesespecialtaxlawshavebeenenactedinsixmidwesternstates:
illinois,iowa,indiana,ohio,michigan,andminnesota. thereisn’tverymuchresearchontheuseofoilpalmshellascoarseaggregateintheproductionofconcrete.
使用了not...verymuch。
littleresearchhasbeendoneontheuseofoilpalmshellascoarseaggregatein theproductionof2twounderlyingstructuresinacademicwriting
1、twounderlyingstructuresinacademicwriting:
(1)general-specificstructure
(2)problem-process-solutionstructure 2、gstextsusuallybeginwithoneofthefollowing:
(1)ashortorextendeddefinition
(3)ageneralizationorpurposestatement (4)astatementoffact. 3、superordinate-categoryword:
technique,method,process,device,andsystem.
4、deletions:
在下列情况下,你可以减少限制性关系代词 a.定语从句仅有关系代词、be动词、一个或多个介词短语 b.定语从句被动态动词加上一些额外的信息
c.定语从句含有关系代词、以-ble结尾的形容词和额外的信息例题:
p23
(1).metalthatisoftenused—>
metaloftenused
(2).devicethatiscapableof—>
devicecapableof (3).roofwhichisontopof—>
roofontopof
(4).precipitationwhichresultsfrom—>
precipitationresultingfrom (5).thissentencecannotbereduced.
(6).flutethatispitchedanoctavehigher--->
flutepitchedanoctave
higher
(7).aprocessthatinvolvestheselectivetransport—>
aprocess involvingtheselectivetransport
(8).acelestialbodywhichhasapproximatelythesamemass—>
a celestialbodywithapproximatelythesamemass 5、考题类型:
句子排序 例题:
p27 比较定义基本上有两类:
1)呈现一个概念是如何随着时间的流逝而变化的这样一种史实陈述。
2)呈现对当代各位专家是怎样不同地看待此概念所做的一个全面性的评述。
7、participle 例题:
p39
theoilisskimmedfromthesurfacebyusingaboomandthenpumpedintoatankforrecycling.
afterbeingharvested,thegrapesarecrushedtoreleasethepulpandseedandthenfermentedforthreeweeks.
first,theglassiscuttosizeandinspectedtodetermineifithasany imperfections.itisthenheatedtoover600ocandcooledinastepknownasquenching.
8、词和词型的变换p23-p25
1、inmanydisciplinesthedataisdisplayedinatable,graph,figure,orsomeother kindofnon-verbalillustration.
a、locationelementsand/orsummarystatements. b、highlightingstatements.
3、locationelementsandsummaries. c、verbsinindicativeandinformativessummaries.
d、languagefocus:
linkingas-clause. chapter4summaryandabstractwriting 1、principlerequirementsforagoodsummary
(2)itshouldpresentthesourcematerialinanaccurateandobjectivefashion. (3)itshouldcondensethesourcematerialandbepresentedinthesummarywriter’s ownwordsandavoidterminology.
(4)provideanindependentlyreferentialsummary,andkeepthelengthincontrol. 2、写作总结的基本步骤
(1)快速略读文本,脑中注意小标题。
若无小标题,试将文本分成几部分。
(2)考虑清楚为什么给了你这个文本。
确定你在处理哪种类型的文本,即:
来源文本类型
(3)读文本,标示重要的信息或者作笔记
(4)用你自己的词汇写下每一部分的要点。
每一部分尽量写出一个一句话 的总结。
(5)对每一个主要题目,写下关键的佐证点,但必要时也要包括小的细节。
(6)再次仔细检查这个过程,做些适当的变动。
3、basicstructureofabstractwriting topicsentence
supportingsentences concludingsentence 4、p70-p72的例句,写作时会用得上。
5、summaryandabstract两个词要会写,以及知道两者的区别,其中summary 要分三段来写,abstract不分段。
partiibasalenglishwriting chapter1punctuation 2、theperiod 3、thesemicolon 4、thecolon
5、thequestionmark 6、thequotationmark 7、theexclamationmark 8、thedash
9、italicsandunderlining 10、练习题:
p96-97
11、本节所有的例句都要仔细看※chapter2vocabulary
1、levelsofdiction:
formalandinformal,abstractandconcrete,and generalandspecific.italsoincludeshowtoappreciatetheconnotativeaswellasdenotativemeaningsof words.
2、englishwordscanbecategorizedasformal,informalandcolloquial. 3、练习题:
1/p102
4、练习题:
p109-p113chapter3englishsentencewriting 1、typesofsentencesp114 accordingtostructure ①simplesentences accordingtouse ①declarativesentences ②interrogativesentences ③imperativesentences ④exclamatorysentences accordingtorhetoric
①loosesentences
②periodicsentences※ ③balancedsentences
④longandshortsentences 2、练习题
hethoughtthepaintingwasoflittlevalue,soheletmehaveitforonlytenpounds.
ialwaystakemyraincoatwheneverigooutthesedays.(periodic) 改为:
wheneverigooutthesedays,ialwaystakemyraincoat.
whentheywereonholiday,theirhousewasbrokenintoandsomevaluablepaintingswerestolen.
afterthefiremenfoughtforthreehours,theyfinallymanagedtoputoutthefire.
thetrainisgoingtodalian.thetrainleavesat20:
15.(simple) 改为:
thetraintodalianleavesat20:
15.
inspiteoftheinterruption,hewasabletofinishallhisexercisesbeforetheclasswasover.(loose)
hewasabletofinishallhisexercisesbeforetheclasswasoverinspiteoftheinterruption.
manypeoplechoosetravelbyair.itisfast.itoffersconvenience.itisnotveryexpensive.(parallelstructure)
manypeoplechoosetravelbyair,becauseitisfast,convenientandnotveryexpensive. 3、练习题p121
履历通常包括个人信息、教育背景、工作经历和过去的成就。
译:
aresumegenerallyconsistsofpersonalinformation,educational background,employmenthistoryandpastachievements. 戴安娜在南京医科大学主修中医学。
dianaismajoringinchinesetraditionalmedicineinnanjingmedicaluniversity.
请代我向你父母致以问候。
pleasesendmybestregardstoyourparents.
现代高等教育应该具有前瞻性,超越眼前的社会需求。
moderncollegeeducationshouldbefar-sightedandabletoseebeyondthe immediateneedsofthesociety.
这种细菌是引起现在流行病的原因吗?
isthisbacteriumresponsibleforthecurrentepidemic 经常回顾昨天,你就会珍惜今天,向往明天。
takeafrequentandbackwardlookatyouryesterday,andyouwillvalueyourtodayandlookforwardtoyourtomorrow.
中国传统知识分子认为:
穷则独善其身,达则兼济天下。
traditionalchineseintellectualsholdthatoneshouldrefinehispersonal virtuewheninpoverty,andhelpsavetheworldwheninsuccess. 就算我追求爱情,我也肯定不会只顾沉浸在爱河里而荒废学业。
ifididhuntforlove,icertainlywouldn’tbathemyselfintheriveroflove allthetime,neglectingmystudies.学校倡导大学生改变就业观念,并鼓励他们把自己的才华和天赋投入到西部大开发中去。
universitiespromoteachangeintheconceptofemploymentamongthe graduates,encouragethemtogivetheirtalentsandgeniustothewestern exploration.
ii.healthy
a.alotofexercise b.nopollution
iii.personallysatisfying a.toenjoythescenery
iv.conclusion:
verypleasurableandhelpful ②sentenceoutline:
thesis:
ridingabicycleisofgreatpleasure i.ridingabicycleisrelativelyinexpensive a.itisrelativelyinexpensivetobuyabicycle. b.itisrelativelyinexpensivetooperateabicycle. ii.ridingabicycleishealthy.
a.ridingabicyclecanmakeusdoalotofexercise
b.ridingabicyclecausesnoridingabicycleispersonallysatisfying.
a.ridingabicyclecanhelpusenjoythescenery.
ridingabicycleisverypleasurableandhelpful. 3、therearefourtypesofenglishessays:
narration,description, expositonandargumentation。
(1)d
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