高中英语被动语态讲解及习题.docx
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高中英语被动语态讲解及习题.docx
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高中英语被动语态讲解及习题
被动语态
被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时:
am/is/are+taught
一般过去时:
was/were+taught
一般将来时:
will/shall be+taught
现在进行时:
am/is/are being+taught
过去进行时:
have/has been+taught
现在完成时:
have/has been+taught
注意:
区分被动语态与“be+过去分词”结构
be+过去分词”并不一定都是被动语态,有时是系表结构。
被动语态,动作的对象是主语;当“be +过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时为系表结构,be是连系动词。
be后面的过去分词是表语,相当于形容词。
其区分办法如下:
1, 如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者,该句一般为被动语态。
The glass is broken.(系表结构)
The glass was broken by the boy.(被动语态)
2 ,如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时,一般为被动语态
The magazine is published in Shanghai.。
(被动语态)
The door is locked.(系表结构)
The door has already/just been locked.(被动语态)
The shop is opened.(系表结构)
The shop is opened at 8 a.m. everyday.(被动语态)
3 ,被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外,还可以用于其他各种时态,而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。
三、被动语态的用法
1 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
Some new computers were stolen last night.
This book was published in 1981.
2 强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
This book was written by him.
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
1 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2 把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词),根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主 动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。
3 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。
All the people laughed at him.= He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.= The bikes are madeby themin the factory.
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
We can repair this watch in two days. = This watch can be repaired in two days.
You ought to take it away. = It ought to be taken away.
They should do it at once. = It should be done at once
一.选择填空
1.Insomecountries,tea______withmilkandsugar.
A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served
2.Greatchanges_____inmyhometownsince1980.
A.havebeentakenplaceB.tookplace
C.havetakenplaceD.weretakenplace
3.Thenewtypeofcarisgoingto______inthreeyears.
A.turnoutB.beturnedout
C.hasturnedoutD.havebeenturnedout
4.Thewomanmurderedherfriendand______to______.
A.wassentenced,deathB.sentencing,die
C.sentenced,deathD.sentenced,die
5.-Doyouliketheskirt?
-It_______soft.
A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt
6.Areyoustillhere?
Youwerehereanhourago.Who________for?
A.areyouwaitingB.didyouwait
C.wereyouwaitingD.doyouwait
7._____toknowProfessorZhang.
A.HesaidB.IsaidC.HeissaidD.Itsays
8.-Iwanttositatthetablenearthewindow.
-Sorry,______already.
A.ittookB.ittakesC.itistakingD.ithasbeentaken
9.Theletter_______threedaysagoandit______yesterday.
A.hadpost,hadarrivedB.wasposted,arrived
C.posted,arrivedD.hadbeenposted,wasarrived
10.Hetoldmethatthefinalexamination_______nextThursday.
A.isgivenB.willbegivenC.wouldhavegivenD.wouldbegiven
三.Correctthesesentences.(改正下列句子)
1.Thishousebuilt100yearsago.
2.Footballplaysinmostcountriesoftheworld.___________________
3.Whydidthelettersendtothewrongaddress?
___________________
4.Agarageisaplacewherecarsrepair.____________________
5.Whereareyouborn?
____________________
6.HowmanylanguagesarespeakinginSwitzerland?
_______________
7.Somebodybrokeintoourhousebutnothingstolen._______________
8.Whenwasinventedthebicycle?
____________________
四.填空(完成被动语态填空)
1.Theyoftencleantheirclassroomafterschool.(改为被动语态)
Theirclassroom_____often______bythemafterschool.
2.LiLeigaveTomanewpenlastweek.(同上)
Anewpen_________________Tomlastweek.
3.AlotofpeopleinChinacanspeakEnglishnow.(同上)
English________________byalotofpeopleinChinanow.
4.IhavelearnedEnglishforabouttwoyears.(同上)
English__________________forabouttwoyears.
5.Theywillpublishthesestory-booksnextmonth.(同上)
Thesestory-books_______________nextmonth.
1.Whatwesayherewillnotbelongremembered.
我们在这里所讲的话,人们不会长久地记住。
2.Webothbelievethatthroughvigilanceandstrength,inyourwords,awarcanbepostponed,andinourwords,warcanbeavoided.
我们都认为,有了警惕和实力,用你们的话来说,可以推迟战争;用我们的话来说,可以避免战争。
3,Wearebroughtfreedomandhappinessbysocialism.
社会主义给我们带来了自由和幸福。
4,.Productsofthefactoryarewellreceivedbythewidecustomers.
该厂的产品受到广大顾客的欢迎。
5.Hewasdismissedforbeingtoolazy.
他太懒了,结果给/被开除了。
6.Thelectureisconsideredveryimportantforbeginners.
大家认为这个讲座对初学者来说很重要。
7.Thenewbuildinghavingbeeninstalled,myworktherewasdone.
新的房子建好后,我的任务也就完成了。
8,Inotherwordsmineralsubstanceswhicharefoundonearthmustbeextractedbydigging,boringholes,artificialexplosions,orsimilaroperationswhichmakethemavailabletous.
换言之,矿物就是存在于地球上,但须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。
9.Nuclearpower’sdangertohealth
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