《工商管理专业英语》翻译汇总.doc
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《工商管理专业英语》翻译汇总.doc
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1.现代管理学Themoderneraofmanagementbeganearlyinthe20thcenturywhenclassicaltheorists,economists,andindustrialengineersofferedaclassicalapproachtoincreasetheproductivityofindividualsandorganizations.
2.例如一种管理理论Forexample,amanagementtheorythatemphasizesemployeesatisfactionmaybemorehelpfulindealingwithahighemployeeturnoverthanwithdelaysinproduction.
3.甚至在今天Eventoday,agreatdealofwhatweknowaboutmanagementcomesfromtheautobiographiesandmemoirsofmenandwomenwhoareorhavebeenpracticingmanagers.
4.尽管这些办法Althoughtheseapproachesevolvedinhistoricalsequence,laterideashavealwaysreplacedearlyones.
5.在过去的30年Duringthelast30yearsorso,therehavebeenattemptstointegratethethreeapproachestomanagement—classical,behavioral,andmanagementscience.
6.在这种情况下Inthissituation,acompromiseisnecessaryfortheoverallsyetemtoachieveitsobjective.
7.例如严格的计划Forexample,rigidplans,clearlydefinedjobs,antocraticleadership,andtightcontrolshaveattimesresultedinhighproductivityandsatisfiedworkers.
8.换言之Inotherwords,thecontingencyapproachseeksmatchdifferentsituationswithdifferentmanagementmethods.
9.当然富有远见Ofcause,havingavisionisnoguaranteeofsuccess.
10.通常一份任务Amissionstatementoftenfocusonthemarketandcustomersthatthecompanyserves.
11.这些管理人员Thesemanagersarethestrategistswhodeveloptheplansthatguidetheorganizationtowarditsgoals.
12.与其他人的沟通Alltheskillsrequiredtocommunicatewithotherpeople,workeffectivelywiththem,motivethem,andleadthemareinterpersonalskills.
13.为了把梦想变成Inordertotransformvisiontoreality,managersmustdefinespecificgoalsandobjectives.
14.最好的企业目标Thebestorganizational,measurable,relevant,challenging,attainable,andtimelimited.
15.折扣的发生Aallowanceoccurswhenacustomerisnotsatisfiedwithapurchaseforsomereason.
16.企业在计算Theserefundsandpricereductionsmustbeconsideredwhenthefirmcomputersitsnetsalesfigurefortheperiod.
17.一系列这样的Aseriesofthesestatementisavaluabletoolfordirectingandcontrollingthebusiness.
18.商人们谈及Businesspeoplecommonlyuseaccountingtermswhentalkingaboutcosts,prices,andprofit.
19.一份损益表Thebasiccomponentsofanoperatingstatementaresales,costs,andprofitorloss.
20.零售商们正在寻求Retailersaresearchingfornewmarketingstrategiestoattractandholdcustomers.
21.零售商们必须对Retailersmustdecideonthreemajorproductvariables:
productassortment,servicesmix,andstoreatmosphere.
22.多数零售商不能Toomanyretailersfailtodefinetheirtargetmarketsandpositionsclearly.
23.零售商的价格Aretailer’spricepolicyisacrucialpositioningfactorandmustbedecidedinrelationtoitstargetmarket,itsproductandserviceassortment,anditscompetition
24.零售商使用Retailersusethenormalpromotiontools—advertising,personalselling,salespromotion,andpublicrelations—toreachconsumers.
25.零售商必须确定Theretailersmustdetermineboththeproductassortment’swidthanditsdepth.
26.制定正确价格Thefirststepinsettingtherightpriceistoestablishpricinggoals.
27.对于产品和服务Thebasic,long-termpricingframeworkforagoodorserviceshouldbealogicalextensionofthepricingobjectives.
28.因此,在销售Thus,changingapricingstrategycanrequiredramaticalternationsinthemarketingmix.
29.低价格可以获取Thelowpricedesignedtocapturealargeshareofasubstantialmarket,resultinginlowerproductioncosts.
30.当生产由于技术Managersmayfollowaskimmingstrategywhenproductioncannotbeexpandedrapidlybecauseoftechnologicaldifficulties,shortages,orconstraintsimposedbytheskillandtimerequiredtoproduceaproduct.
31.低价格可以吸引Lowpricecandrawadditionalbuyerstoenterthemarket.
32.广告的基本功能Themostbasicfunctionofadvertisingistoidentifyproductsanddifferentiatethemfromothers.
33.为了提高销售额Toincreasetheirsalesorprofit,companiesdevelopmarketingstrategybyusingvariousmarketingelements.
34.广告的另一个功能Anotherfunctionofadvertisingtoinduceconsumerstotrynewproductsandtosuggestreuse.
35.广告涉及到通过Advertisinginvolvespresentingthemessage,usuallythroughthemassmedia,toalargegroupofpeopleknowastargetaudience.
36.通过同时向许多人Byinformingmanypeopleatonceaboutavailableproductsandservices,advertisinggreatlyreducesthecostsandhigherprofits,caneasethetaskofpersonalselling.
37.广告的定义有许多Thedefinitionsofadvertisingaremanyandvaried.
38.广告是产品和服务Advertisingisaveryimportanttoolthatenablescompetitorstoenterthemarketplace.
39.市场营销组合是由ThemarketingmixincludesasetofelementsknownasfourPsandtheyareundertheheadingofproduct,price,placeandpromotion.
1.Thethree(T)2.Insolving(F)3.Inorderwords(T)4.Thesystems(T)5.Managersaround(
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