口译笔记速记符号归总.doc
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口译笔记速记符号归总.doc
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口译笔记速记符号归总
一、做口译笔记时的注意事项
1.口译笔记应记要点,切忌求记“全”。
口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充,不应也不必取代记忆。
口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系(如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等),笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。
2.口译笔记求快求精,但不可潦草。
3.口译笔记可使用来源语,也可使用目标语,也可以双语兼用。
只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性,不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。
例如,“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。
4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语,例如:
cf(compare),Co(company),eg(forexample),etc(andsoon),esp(especially),ie(thatis),max(maximum),min(minimum),ref(reference),std(standard),usu(usually),等。
二、常用速记符号
速记是一项特殊的技巧,速记语言是由一套完整的符号组成的体系。
在口译实践中逐步掌握一些简单的速记符号是有益的。
口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。
记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。
人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。
顾名思义,短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆,长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。
影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多,其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。
即便是当感知的信息有意义时,人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子,或者一组十位数的数字。
因此,对于口译工作者来说,完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的,记笔记便显得十分重要。
inNotetaking
Useonlytheabbreviationsthatfityourneedsandthatyouwillremembereasily.Agoodideaistointroduceonlyafewabbreviationsintoyournotetakingatatime.
Symbolshelpfulinmath--thesearecommonlyusedintextsandreferences.
S = sum
f = frequency
Leaveoutperiodsinstandardabbreviations.
cf = compare
e.g. = example
dept = department
Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.
pol = politics
dem = democracy
lib = liberal
cap = capitalism
Useentirefirstsyllableandonly1stletterof2ndsyllable.
pres = presentation
subj = subject
ind = individual
cons = conservative
Eliminatefinalletters.Usejustenoughofthewordtoformarecognizableabbreviation.
assoc = associate
biol = biology
info = information
ach = achievement
chem = chemistry
max = maximum
intro = introduction
conc = concentration
min = minimum
rep = repetition
Omitvowels,retainonlyenoughconsonantstogivearecognizableskeletonoftheword.
ppd = prepared
prblm = problem
estmt = estimate
bkgd = background
gvt = government
Useanapostropheinplaceofletters.
am't = amount
cont'd = continued
gov't = government
educat'l = educational
Formthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyaddings.
chpts = chapters
egs = examples
fs = frequencies
intros = introductions
Usegtorepresentingendings.
ckg = checking
estg = establishing
decrg = decreasing
exptg = experimenting
Spelloutshortwordssuchasin,at,to,but,for,andkey.
Abbreviationsorsymbolsforshortwordswillmakethenotestoodensewithshorthand.
Leaveoutunimportantwords.
Leaveoutthewordsaandthe.
Ifaterm,phrase,ornameiswrittenoutinfullduringthelecture,substituteinitialswhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain.Forexample,CenterforAerospaceSciencesbecomesCASthereafter.
Usesymbolsforcommonlyrecurringconnectiveortransitionalwords.
& = and
w/ = with
w/o = without
vs = against
\ = therefore
= = isorequal
Usetechnicalsymbolswhereapplicable.
zb = German,forexample
ibid = Latin,thesamework
o = degrees
H2O = water
Morereference:
Usestandardmaths,accounting,andsciencesymbols.Examples:
+plus
//parallel
Usestandardabbreviationsandleaveoutfullstops.Examples:
egexample
ITdeptInformationTechnologydepartment
UKUnitedKingdom
Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.Examples:
marmarketing
cuscustomer
cliclient
Usetheentirefirstsyllableandthefirstletterofthesecondsyllable.Examples:
subjsubject
budgbudget
indindividual
Todistinguishamongvariousformsofthesameword,usethefirstsyllableoftheword,anapostrophe,andtheendingoftheword.Examples:
tech'gytechnology
gen'iongeneralisation
del'ydelivery
Usejustenoughofthebeginningofawordtoformarecognisableabbreviation.Examples:
assocassociated
achachievement
infoinformation
Omitvowelsfromthemiddleofwords,retainingonlyenoughconsonantstoprovidearecognisableskeletonoftheword.Examples:
bkgdbackground
mvmtmovement
prblmproblem
Formthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyadding's.'Examples:
custscustomers
fsfrequencies
/sratios
Use'g'torepresent'ing'endings.Examples:
decrgdecreasing
ckgchecking
estblgestablishing
Spellout,ratherthanabbreviateshortwords.Examples:
in
but
as
key
Leaveoutunimportantverbs.Examples:
is
was
were
Leaveoutunnecessaryarticles.Examples:
a
an
the
Ifaterm,phrase,ornameisinitiallywrittenoutinfullduringthetalkormeeting,initialscanbesubstitutedwhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain.Example:
JanuaryAdvertisingCampaignBudgetJACB
Usesymbolsforcommonconnectiveortransitionwords.Examples:
@at
2to
4for
&and
w/with
w/owithout
vsagainst
Createyourownsetofabbreviationsandsymbols.Youmaywishtodevelopseparatesetsofsymbolsandabbreviationsfordi
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- 口译 笔记 速记 符号 归总
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