初中英语名词讲解及练习Word格式文档下载.docx
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初中英语名词讲解及练习Word格式文档下载.docx
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有生命的加-es
hero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes
无生命的加-s
piano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos
7
以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s
radio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos
8
以-th结尾的名词加-s
truth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,path-paths,
9
以ce,se,ze,ge等结尾的名词加-s
case,oranges
2.不规则名词复数:
英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:
改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式
man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice
单复数相同
sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,speciesli,yuan,jin,
只有复数形式
ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents
一些集体名词总是用作复数
people,police,cattle,staff
部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)
audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,party
复数形式表示特别含义
customs(海关),forces(军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)
表示“某国人”
Americans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans
单复数同形
Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women
Englishmen,Frenchwomen
合成名词
将主体名词变为复数
sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数
grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches
将两部分变为复数
womensingers,menservants
III.名词的所有格:
名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。
所有格分两种:
一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。
前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。
1.’s所有格的构成:
单数名词在末尾加’s
theboy’sfather,Jack’sbook,herson-in-law’sphoto,
复数名词
一般在末尾加’
theteachers’room,thetwins’mother,
不规则复数名词后加’s
thechildren’stoys,women’srights,
以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’
Dickens’novels,Charles’sjob,theSmiths’house
表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’s
Japan’sandAmerica’sproblems,Jane’sandMary’sbikes
表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’s
JapanandAmerica’sproblems,JaneandMary’sfather
表示"某人家""店铺",所有格后名词省略
thedoctor’s,thebarber’s,thetailor’s,myuncle’s
2.’s所有格的用法:
1
表示时间
today’snewspaper,fiveweeks’holiday
表示自然现象
theearth’satmosphere,thetree’sbranches
表示国家城市等地方的名词
thecountry’splan,theworld’spopulation,China’sindustry
表示工作群体
theship’screw,majority’sview,theteam’svictory
表示度量衡及价值
amile’sjourney,fivedollars’worthofapples
与人类活动有特殊关系的名词
thelife’stime,theplay’splot
某些固定词组
abird’seyeview,astone’sthrow,atone’swit’send(不知所措)
3.of所有格的用法:
用于无生命的东西:
thelegsofthechair,thecoverofthebook
用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:
theclassroomsofthefirst-yearstudents
用于名词化的词:
thestruggleoftheoppressed
注:
不同国籍人的单复数
国籍总称(谓语用复数)单数复数
中国人the
Chinese,a
Chinese,two
Chinese
瑞士人the
Swiss,a
Swiss,two
Swiss
澳大利亚人the
Australians,an
Australian,two
Australians俄国人the
Russians,a
Russian,two
Russians
意大利人the
Italians,an
Italian,two
Italians
希腊人the
Greek,a
Greek,two
Greeks
法国人the
French,a
Frenchman,two
Frenchmen
日本人the
Japanese,a
Japanese,two
Japanese
美国人the
Americans,an
American,two
Americans印度人the
Indians,an
Indian,two
Indians
加拿大人the
Canadians,a
Canadian,two
Canadians德国人the
Germans,a
German,two
Germans
英国人the
English,an
Englishman,two
Englishmen瑞典人the
Swedish,a
Swede,two
Swedes
4.特殊的复数形式:
1)集体名词:
集体名词不能运用具体的数字修饰,下面的集体名词,不能用a,one,two等修饰,只能在其前加the表示“全体……”。
thepolice 警察(指全体警察)theEnglish 英国人(指全体英国人)
theFrench 法国人(指全体法国人)
2)复合名词
awomanteacher—womenteachers 女教师anEnglishman—Englishmen 英国男子
agrown-up—grown-ups 成人
abrother-in-law—brothers-in-law 内兄、内弟、小叔、大伯
5.不可数名词
专有名词:
NBA全美篮球协会MichaelJackson迈克杰克逊theWestLake 西湖
物质名词:
液体:
milkwater teacoffeejuiceoil(油)
肉类:
beefchickenmuttonpork
天气:
weatherrainsnowwindlight光
其他:
news(新闻,消息)bread(面包)
抽象名词:
funloveluckdutykindness善良happiness幸福progress进步
【注意】有些不可数的物质名词有复数形式,但表达不同意义。
tea—differentkindsofteas不同种类的茶
food食品—allkindsoffoods各种各样的食品
fruit水果—allkindsoffruits各种各样的水果
glass玻璃—aglass一个玻璃杯—glasses眼镜、玻璃杯
名词练习
1.The____oftheroomwerecoveredwith____.
A.roofs,leafs
B.roofs,leaves
C.rooves,leafs
D.rooves,leaves
2.Therearethree____inourfactory.
A.womandoctors
B.womendoctors
C.womandoctor
D.womendoctor
3.Whichdoyouprefer____or____?
A.potatos,tomatos
B.potatos,tomatoes
C.potatoes,tomatos
D.potatoes,tomatoes
4.Theyare____ofdifferentpresses(出版社).Nowtheyarehavingameetinginoneofthe____office.
A.editor-in-chiefs,editors-in-chief’s
B.editors-in-chief,editor-in-chief’s
C.editors-in-chiefs,editor’s-in-chief’s
D.editors-in-chief,editors-in-chief’s
5.Theanthastwo____.
A.stomaches
B.stomacks
C.stomach
D.stomachs
6.Hedoesn’tlike____forsupper.
A.chick
B.chicken
C.chickens
D.chicks
7.Itwas____hotweatherthatmanyofuswentswimming.
A.so
B.such
C.soas
D.sucha
8.____wonderfulspacetheysawontheroom!
A.How
B.HowaC.What
D.Whata
9.Weknow____travelsnotsofastaslight.
A.soundB.sounds
C.thesounds
D.asound
10.Myfamilyraisealotof____,includingtwo____.
A.cattle,cows
B.cows,cattle
C.cattles,cows
D.cow,cattles
11.Anumberofsoldiers____athecampgate(军营门口).
A.havegathered
B.hasgathered
C.is
D.was
12.TheBrownshavespentalarge____ofmoneyontheirnewcar.
A.deal
B.amount
C.number
D.size
13.____workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople’slivingstandard.
A.Many
B.Agreatmany
C.Agreatdealof
D.Anumberof
14.MrLishook____warmlywithafriend.
A.hand
B.ahand
C.hands
D.thehands
15.Two____,please.
A.coffee
B.coffees
C.cupofcoffee
D.cupscoffee
16.Ican’tpayas____asheaskedfor.
A.highpricea
B.highprice
C.ahighprice
D.highaprice
17.____knowledgeofspacedevelopsrapidly.
A.Man’s
B.Men’s
C.Mens’
D.Person’s
18.Istayedat____.
A.XiaoWang’s
B.Wang’shome
C.theWangs
D.homeofWang
19.SisterCarrieworksina____factory.
A.shoes
B.shoses
C.shoe
D.shoe’s
20.Haveyoueverread____?
A.todaynewspaper
B.newspapertoday
C.newspaperoftoday
D.today’snewspaper
21.Two____walkdidn’tmademetired.
A.hour
B.hours
C.hour’s
D.hours’
22.Themotheroverthereis____mother.
A.JuliaandMary
B.JuliaandMary’s
C.Julia’sandMary’s
D.Julia’sandMary
23.LiMing’shandwritingisbetterthan____intheclass.
A.anyone’s
B.anyoneelse
C.anyone’selse’s
D.anyoneelse’s
24.Thechildrenareplaying____onthe____.
A.sand,sand
B.sands,sands
C.sand,sands
D.sands,sand
25.Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller____.
A.set
B.one
C.copy
D.pair
26.Tomusuallytakesa____inbusonrainydays.
A.walk
B.ride
C.trip
D.travel
27.Wehaveno____aboutwhereshehasgone.
A.information
B.news
C.message
D.flash
28.Foodand____aredailynecessities(需要)forthepeople.
A.cloth
B.clothe
C.clothes
D.clothing
29.My____ofhearingisnotsogoodasitusedtobe.
A.strength
B.sense
C.powerD.skill
30.The____causedbycarelessness____yesterday.Manyworkerswerekilled.
A.incident,washappened
B.matter,happened
C.event,wastakenplace
D.accident,tookplace
31.Theroomwassoquietthatshecouldhearthe____ofherheart.
A.beating
B.ways
C.knocking
D.striking
32.____hasbeentoldnottothrowwastethingsanywhere.
A.Thepublic
B.People
C.Women
D.Man
33.Hewasan____inthegovernment____.
A.office,official
B.official,office
C.officer,office
D.official,officer
34.Thereareseveral____inthisnovelwhoaredifferentin____.
A.character,character
B.characters,characters
C.character,charactersD.characters,character
35.Wevisitedhim____whenhewasinhospital.
A.everyotherdays
B.eachotherday
C.everyotherday
D.everytwoday
36.Myfriendwillreturnin____.
A.onedayortwo
B.adayortwo
C.onedayor
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