语言学补充练习1 3文档格式.docx
- 文档编号:19577349
- 上传时间:2023-01-07
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:11
- 大小:20.44KB
语言学补充练习1 3文档格式.docx
《语言学补充练习1 3文档格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《语言学补充练习1 3文档格式.docx(11页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
,wemeanthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningand.
sounds
2.ThedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleismadebytheSwisslinguistEdeSaussure.ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformanceismadebytheAmericanlinguist.
NoamChomsky
3.Anapproachtolinguisticstudywhichattemptstolaydownrulesofcorrectnessastohowlanguageshouldbeusedis.
prescriptive
IV.选择题
1.Unlikeanimalcommunicationsystem,humanlanguageis.
A.stimulusfree
B.stimulusbound
C.underimmediatestimuluscontrol
D.stimulatedbysomeoccurrenceofcommunalinterest
Answer:
A
2.hasbeenwidelyacceptedastheforefatherofmodemlinguistics.
a.Chomskyb.Saussurec.Bloomfieldd.JohnLyon
b
V.问答题
l.Islanguageproductiveornot?
Why?
Inlinguistics,,language?
only
Firstly,Languageisproductiveorcreative.Thismeansthatlanguageuserscanunderstandandproducesentencestheyhaveneverheardbefore.Secondly,Productivityisuniquetohumanlanguage.Mostanimalcommunicationsystemshavealimitedrepertoire,whichisrapidlyexhausted,makinganynoveltyimpossible.Thirdly,Theproductivityorcreativityofhumanlanguageoriginatesfromitsduality.Becauseofduality,thespeakercancombinethebasiclinguisticunitstoformaninfinitesetofsentences.Theproductivityoflanguagealsomeansitspotentialtocreateendlesssentences.Thisismadepossiblebytherecursivenatureoflanguage.
2.Commentonthefollowingstatement:
meanswhatapersonsaysorsaidinagivensituation
Thisstatementisincorrect.Inlinguistics,"
language"
hasseverallayersofmeaning:
firstly,thewholeofaperson?
slanguage,e.g.Shakespeare?
slanguage;
secondly,aparticularvarietyorlevelofspeechorwriting,e.g.scientificlanguage,literarylanguage,colloquiallanguage;
thirdly,anabstractsystemunderlyingthetotalityofthespeech/writingbehaviorofacommunity,e.g.theEnglishlanguage,theChineselanguage;
lastly,thereisanevenmoreabstractsenseof"
referringtothecommonfeaturesofallhumanlanguagesthatdistinguishthemfromanimalcommunicationsystemsoranyartificiallanguage.
3.Pointoutthreewaysinwhichlinguisticsdiffersfromtraditionalgrammar.
Firstly,mostlinguisticanalysestodayfocusonspeechratherthanwriting.Secondly,modemlinguisticsismostlydescriptivewhiletraditionalgrammarislargelyprescriptive.Thirdly,athirddifferenceisthepriorityofsynchronicdescriptionoverthetraditionaldiachronicstudies.
4.WhatisthemajordifferencebetweenSaussure'
sdistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleandChomsky'
sdistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformance?
Saussure?
slangueissocialproduct,asetofconventionsforaspeechcommunity.Chomskyregardscompetenceasapropertyofthemindofeachindividual.SaussurestudieslanguagemorefromasociologicalpointofviewwhileChomskystudiesitmorefromapsychologicalpointofview.
第二章语音学和音位学
1.narrowtranscription
Therearetwowaystotranscribespeechsounds.Oneisthe“broadtranscriptionth”etranscriptionwithletter-symbolsonly,and
theotheris“narrowtranscr-i-p-tihoentranscr”iptionwithletter-symbols
accompaniedbythediacriticswhichcanhelpbringoutthefinerdistinctionsthanthelettersalonemaypossiblydo.
2.Illustratetheterm“allophone”withatleastoneappropriateexample.
Allophonesarethedifferentmembersofaphoneme,soundswhicharephoneticallydifferentbutdonotmakeoneworddifferentfromanotherinmeaning.Forexample,inEnglish,thephoneme/l/ispronounceddifferentlyin"
let"
"
play"
and"
tell"
.Thefirst/l/ismadebyraisingthefrontofthetonguetothehardpalate,whilethevocalcordsarevibrating;
thesecond/l/ismadewiththesametonguepositionasthefirst,butthevocalcordsarenotvibrating;
andthethird/l/ismadebyraising
notonlythefrontbyalsothebackofthetonguewhilethevocalcordsarevibrating.
II判断正误(TforTrueandFforFalse)
1./o/isamid-highfrontroundedvowel.
F.(/o/isamid-highBACKroundedvowel.)
2.Aphonemeinonelanguageoronedialectmaybeanallophoneinanotherlanguageordialect.
T.
III.填空题:
1.Thethreecavitiesinthearticulatoryapparatusare,,
and.
pharynx,thenasalcavity,theoralcavity
2.Bythepositionofthepartofthetongue,vowelsandclassifiedas
frontvowels,centralvowelsandbackvowels.
highest.
3.referstothechangeofasoundasaresultoftheinfluenceofan
adjacentsound.
Assimilation.
4.Youarerequiredtofillintheblanksbelowabidingbytheinstancegivenbeforehand.
Example:
/p/:
voicedbilabialstop
/s/:
/g/:
/t?
/:
/t/:
/f/:
voicelessalveolarfricative
voicedvelarstop
voicelessalveo-palatal/post-alveolaraffricate
/t/:
voiceddentalfricative
voicelesslabiodentalfricative
5.Whichofthefollowingwordswouldbetreatedasminimalpairsandminimalsets?
pat,penmore,heat,tape,bun,fat,ban,chain,tale,bell,far,meal,vote,bet,heel,ten,men,pit,main,hit,eat,man
pat,fat;
pat,pit;
pit,hit;
pen,ten;
ten,men;
heat,eat;
heat,heel;
tape,tale;
bun,ban;
chain,main;
bell,bet;
meal,heel;
man,men,main.
1.Allsyllablescontaina(n).
a.nucleus
b.coda
c.onset
a
2.isoneofthesupersegmentalfeatures.
a.Stop
b.Voicing
c.Deletion
d.Tone
d
3.WhichofthefollowingconsonantsdoesnotexistinEnglish?
a.dentalstop
b.bilabialstop
c.alveolarstop
d.velarstop
4.isnotanEnglishconsonant.
a.Labiodentalplosive
b.Alveolarnasal
c.Velarstop
d.Dentalfricative
V.辨音选择
1.Whatarethedistinctivefeaturesthatgroupthefollowingsoundsinthesesets?
1)/f,v,s/
2)/p,f,b/
3)/g,z,b/
4)/k,g,w/
5)/m,n,?
/
1)fricative2)obstruent3)voiced4)velar
5)nasal
2.Thereisonesegmentthatdoesnotbelongtothenaturalclassineachofthefollowinggroupsofspeechsounds.Youarerequiredtoidentifythatsegmentandlabelthenaturalclass,usingadescriptivetermasspecificaspossible.
a)/m/,/n/,/w/,/?
/
b)/v/,/w/,/z/,/t/
c)/n/,/f/,/l/,/s/,/t/,/d/,/z/
1)/w/isasemi-vowel,andtheothersareallnasals.
2)/t/isvoiceless,andtheothersarevoiced.
3)/f/islabiodental,andtherestarealveolar
VI.问答题
1.Circlethewordsthatcontainasoundasrequired:
1)alowvowel:
pipe,gather,article,leave,cook
2)abilabialconsonant:
cool,lad,leap,bomb,push
3)anapproximant:
luck,boots,word,once,table
4)afrontvowel:
god,neat,pit,lush,cook
5)avelar:
god,fast,chat,lake,quick
2.Exemplifytherelationshipbetweenphone,phonemeandallophone.Answer:
Firstly,a“phonei”saphoneticunitorsegment.Thespeechsoundswehearandproduceduringlinguisticcommunicationareallphones.Phonesmayormaynotdistinguishmeaning.Secondly,a"
phoneme"
isaphonologicalunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.Asanabstractunit,aphonemeisnotanyparticularsound.Itisrepresentedorrealizedbyacertainphoneinacertainphoneticcontext.Thirdly,thephonesrepresentingaphonemearecalledits"
allophones"
.Howaphonemeisrepresentedbyaphone,orwhichallophoneistobeused,isdeterminedbythephoneticcontextinwhichitoccurs.Butthechoiceofanallophoneisnotrandombutrule-governedinmostcases.
3.Whenwearepronouncingthefollowingphrases,howdoweactuallyarticulatethe"
n"
soundintheword"
ten"
?
Dowestillpronounceitas/n/?
1)tenhouses2)tenteachers3)tencolleges4)tenpupils5)tenbuildings
6)tenclassesAnswer:
1)/n/
2)/n/
3)/?
4)/m/
5)/m/
6)/?
4.Howmanyfunctionsdothevocalcordshaveintheproductionofspeechsounds?
Theyhavethreefunctions:
tomakeaglottalstop,toproduceavoicedsoundandtoproduceavoicelesssound.
第三章形态学
1.morpheme
Themorphemeisthesmallestunitintermsofrelationshipbetweenexpressionandcontent,aunitwhichcannotbedividedwithoutdestroyingordr
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 语言学补充练习1 语言学 补充 练习
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)