商务英语翻译词类转译初探.docx
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商务英语翻译词类转译初探.docx
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商务英语翻译词类转译初探
商务英语翻译词类转译初探
TransformationofPartsofSpeechintheTranslationofBusinessEnglish
摘要:
英汉两种语言在语言结构和表达习惯上都有所不同,不能机械地把英语中的某一类词语译成汉语中的相同一类词.在英译汉过程中,有些句子可以逐词对译,有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同,就不能逐词对译,只能将词类进行转译之后,方可使译文显得通顺、自然.在汉译英过程中,由于汉语中的动词出现较多,除大量的动宾结构外,还有连动式兼语式等两个以上动词连用的现象,而英语则不然,所以常常需要把汉语的动词转换成英语名词。
关键词:
词类商务英语转译
Abstract:
TherearedifferentbetweenEnglishandChineseinlanguagestructureandexpressionofhabits,whichcannotbemechanicallyinacertaincategoryofEnglishwordstranslatedintoChinesewordsinthesamecategory.IntheEnglish-ChineseTranslationprocess,somesentencescanbetranslatedwordforwordpairs,andsomesentencesareduetotheexpressionoftwolanguages,Englishindifferentways,wecannotwordforwordonthetranslationofpartsofspeechcanonlybetranslatedafterthetranslationappearstobesofluentandnatural.InthecourseofChinese-Englishtranslation,becausetheverboccurmorefrequentlyinChinese,inadditiontoalargenumberofverb-objectstructure,therearealsolinkedtypeandlanguagetype,andsothephenomenonofmorethantwoverbsusedinconjunction,whiletheEnglishisnot,therefore,theverbisoftenneededtoconvertintoEnglishnouns.
Keyword:
partsofspeech,businessEnglish,transformation.
Introduction
BusinessEnglishinformsbusinessinformation,suchastheoryandpracticality...etc.,itsvocabularyprofessionisthestrongest;thelanguagenormisformal,simple,directandclearly.BusinessEnglishtranslatingwith"accuracy,intuitive,literary"threeprinciples.Becausethestructureandcustomoflanguagearegreatlydifferent,wehavetounderstandthecharacteristicofvocabularyandthelanguage’sstructureofChineseandEnglish,it’stheonlywaytocarryonphrasetotranslateproperly.
EnglishandChinesearedifferentinthelinguisticstructureandexpressionofhabits,itcannotbemechanicallytranslatedintoChinesewordsinthesamecategory,suchastheChinesenountranslatedintoEnglishnoun,theverbtranslatedintoChineseverb,etc.,itseemsoftenmakeaChinesetranslationdoesnotfluent,andsometimesevenseemlameintheEnglish-Chinesetranslation,somesentencescanbewordforwordtogetrighttranslation,andsomesentencesareduetotheexpressionoftwolanguages,Englishisindifferentways,wecannottranslatewordforwordonthetranslationofpartofspeech,itistheonlywaythatcouldlettranslationappearstobefluentandnatural.
Thus,inEnglishtranslation,itshouldbeinaccordancewiththecontextoftheexpressionofideasandneedtoconvertthenatureofpartsofspeech.
1.EnglishtoChinese
1.1VerbsTransformedintoNouns
EnglishverbsandothertermsaretranslatedintoChinesenouns.InBusinessEnglish,areoftenencounteredintheoriginalEnglish,someverbsorsomeadjectives,accordingtoChineselanguagehabits,theymustbetranslatedintheterms,onlyinthiswaytogetfluenttranslation.Forexamples:
1.Thelargecitiesabsorbthewealthandfashionofthenation.
大都市是一国的财富集中之地.
2.Formalityhasalwayscharacterizedtheirrelationship.
他们之间的关系有一个特点,就是以理相待.
theverb"absorb","characterized"aretranslatedas"gatheringplace","characterizedby"moreinlinewiththeChineselanguagehabits,moreeasilyacceptabletopeople.
3.Thefilmimpressedmedeeply.
这部电影给我留下了深刻的印象.
4.Heroutinelyradioedanotheragentontheground.
他跟凌夷个地勤人员进行了例行的无线电联络.
5.Ihavealwayswonderedatthepassionmanypeoplehaveofgoingabroad.
我在想,为什么许多人对出国如此热衷?
6.Asheisaperfectstrangerinthecity,Ihopeyouwillgivehimthenecessaryhelp.
他对这座城市完全陌生,所以我希望你能给他必要的帮助.
7.ThePresidenthadpreparedmeticulouslyforhisjourney.
总统为这次出访作了十分周密的准备。
1.2DerivativewordsTransformingtoVerbs
CommonnounsexpressingtotheChineseverbshouldtaketheexpressionofthought(suchasthegeneraltermofaction)onverbsandclasssituation,withanEnglishwordformchanging,manyofverbprefixeswithsuffixessuchas-ment,-tion,-ance,-er,-or,itwillbecomeanoun.Chineseverbhastoprevail,butnotlimitedtoasentencewithaverb,afewverbscanbeusedinconjunction,therefore,whennumberoftermscanbetranslatedintoChineseverb;theverbisalsooftentranslatedintheterm(orpreposition+noun).
Englishhasageneralmeaningofthetermmovements,theyareoftentranslatedintoChinesetotheverb.Forexamples:
1.Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.
火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
2.Thesightandsoundofourjetplanesfilledmewithspeciallonging.
看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的机声,令我特别神往。
3.AglancethroughhisofficewindowoffersapanoramicviewoftheWashingtonMonumentandtheLincolnMemorial.
从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。
4.EarlyhopesthatEasternGermanycouldstageaneconomicmiraclelikethatofWestGermanyinthe1950sand′60shavefaded.
同一之始指看西怨能沉演中德五六十暮年代经济偶迹的热忱迟未浓化。
5.Wecannotdoitwithoutourmanager'spermission.
未经经理许可,我们不能这样做.
6.Theairlinehasbeeninoperationformanyyears.
这家航空公司已经经营多年.
7.Promptpaymentisappreciated.
请及时付款.
8.Someofmyclassmatesaregoodsingers.
我的同学中有些人歌唱得很好.
9.IamafraidIcan'tteachyouswimming.IthinkmylittlebrotherisabetterteacherthanI.
我未必会教你游泳。
我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。
10.Talkingwithhisson,theoldmanwastheforgiveroftheyoungman'spastwrongdoings.
在和儿子谈话时,老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。
Astheidiomofthemaintermscanoftenbetranslatedintoverbs,suchas:
11.TheytookafinallookatIronMike,stillintactinthedarkness.
他们最后看了铁麦克一眼——它依旧安然无恙地耸立在黑暗中。
12.Thenextnewsbulletin,shorterthanusual,madenomentionofthedemonstration.
下一个新闻节目比通常短,没有提到游行。
1.3AdjectiveDerivedfromNouncanoftenbeTransformedintoAdjective
1.Thepallorofherfaceindicatedclearlyhowshewasfeelingatthemoment.
她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。
2.Thesecurityandwarmthofthedestroyer'ssickbaywerewonderful.
驱逐舰的病室很安全也很温暖,好极了。
3.HetalkedforsometimewithBundy,andhisquestionsreflectedtheenormityofhisdoubts.
他同邦迪谈了一会,他提出的问题反映出他有很大的怀疑.
1.4AdjectivesTransformedintoVerbs
Englishsaidtheperception,desires,mentalstates,suchasadjectives,verbsinthedepartmentmadeafterpreps,theyoftencanbetranslatedastheverb.Suchas:
confident,certain,fond,careful,angry,sure,ignorant,afraid,doubtful,glad,thankful,anxious,etc.
1.Iamabsolutelysureofhishonesty.
我绝对肯定他是诚实的.
2.Economistsareconfidentthatthistrendisinevitable.
经济学家们深信,这种趋势是不可避免的.
3.Youareignorantofthedutiesyouundertakeinmarrying.
你完全不懂你在婚姻方面应承担的责任.
Reductionbytheverb-a(e)nce,-tion,-ment,oftentranslatestaticly.Forexamples:
4.Liberalizationofinternationaleconomicsystemwaswidelyperceivedasawaytoavoidrecurrenceofasimilarcalamity.
人们普遍地以为,防止重逢相似灾害的一条道路是搁阔国际经济系统。
5.Resistancetomarketopeningisbasicallyapowerplaybyleadersofindustry.
抵造启搁市场基础下非产业首领们的真力较质。
6.Inreimbursementoftheseextraexpenses,pleasedrawonus.
请启汇票背人圆收款,用于偿付那些额定用度。
1.5PrepositionsTransformedintoVerbs
TherearelotsofprepsinEnglish.Intheprocessoftranslating,theycanbetranslatedintoverbs.
1.Isenthimforadoctor.
我派他请医生来.
2.Ibarreledstraightaheadacrosstheharborandoutoverthesea.
我笔直地向前高速飞行,越过港口,飞临海面.
1.6NounsTransformedintoAdverbs
1.Whenhecatchesaglimpseofapotentialantagonist,hisinstinctistowinhimoverwithcharmandhumor.
只要一发现有可能反对他的人,他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。
2.Thenewmayorearnedsomeappreciationbythecourtesyofcomingtovisitthecitypoor.
新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民,获得了他们的一些好感。
1.7AdjectivesTransformedintoAdverbs
DescribinginEnglishtranslatedintoChineseintheseconddeputy.ThenounintheEnglishtexttranslatedintoverb,theadjectiveshouldalsomodifyitstranslationintoadverb.Forexamples:
1.Hethenactedasareluctantinterpreter.
他当时很不情愿地当了一次翻译.
2.Heaskedmeforafullaccountofourproducts.
他详细地问起我们产品的情况.
3.Itisourgreatpleasuretonotethatchinahasmadegreatprogressineconomy.
我们很高兴地看到,中国的经济已经取得了很大的发展.
4.Occasionallyadrizzlecamedown,andtheintermittentflashesoflighteningmadeusturnapprehensiveglancestowardZero.
偶尔下一点毛毛雨,断断续续的闪电使得我们不时忧虑地朝着零区方向望去。
5.ItwasaclearandunemotionalexpositionofthePresident'sreasonsforwillingtobeginaChinese-Americandialogue.
这篇发言清楚明白、心平气和地说明了总统希望开始中美对话的原因。
2.ChinesetoEnglish
2.1VerbtranslatingtoNoun
WhenEnglishnountranslatedintoChineseadverb,Chineseoccurmorefrequentlyintheverb,inadditiontoalargenumberofverb-objectstructure,therearealsolinkedlanguagetype,andsomorethantwoverbsusedinconjunctionphenomenon,butEnglishisnotthecase,Thereisoftenonlyonepredicateverbsinasentence,andnounsareusedtobeusedmoreinEnglishthaninChineseterm.Becauseofthesefeaturesintwolanguages,itoftenneedstoconverttheverbintoEnglishnouns.
1.你必须好好照顾病人.
Youmusttakegoodcareofthepatient
2.绝对不许违反这个原则.
Noviolationofthisprinciplecanbetolerated.
3.他在讲话时他别强调提高产品质量.
Inhisspeechhesaidspecialstressonraisingthequalityoftheproducts.
4.买卖增长,请求畅通流畅的货泉质也增添。
Anincreaseinbusinessrequiresanincreaseintheamountofmoneycomingintogeneralcirculation.
5.林则徐人为,要成功地禁止鸦片买卖,就得首先把鸦片焚毁了.
LinZexubelievedthatasuccessfulbanoftheopiumtrademustbeprecededbythedestructionofthedragitself.
6.在外根时期,贸易赤字使贸难维护从义低头,如今已有担忧贸易掩护主义将会沉隐。
ThetradedeficitintheReaganyearscreatedarisesinprotectionism,andsomeworryaboutareplay.
2.2VerbsTransformedtoAdjectives
SomeofthetablesinChineseperception,emotionandotherpsychologicalstateoftheverbcanoftenbetranslatedintoEnglishintheadjective.Usuallymakemoreuseof"BE+adjective"structureexpression.
1.获悉贵国遭受地
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