新编语用学教程课后答案Word格式.docx
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新编语用学教程课后答案Word格式.docx
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a.itcanbeusedforcommunicationinacontextwhereJohnsharessomepersonalitywithHitler.
b.whenJohnisapoorplayerofgolf.
c.inacontextwhereacertainboyhasdonesomethingwrong<
outofnaughtiness>
whenthesentenceisusedinpoetrytopersonalizetheword"
idea"
3.<
a.Inanentranceofapark.
b.Intherestroomofsomepublicplaceslikeanairport.
a.Peopleareforbiddentobringdogsintothepark.
b.Thisplaceisforadultstochangeinfantdiapers.
4.<
Herethespeakerwantstoexpresshiscomplaintthatthecouplearetalkingtooloudly<
andtheimplicitrequestforthemtostoptalking>
Bysayingso,theyoungmanwantstoconveytheirrefusalto"
my〞request.
Thebackgroundknowledgeweneedisthatsinceitisusuallyimpolitetolistentootherpeople’privateconversation,itisnormalthat"
I〞can’thearaword<
thusthecouplecancontinuetheirtalk>
.
5.<
Thisnoticeimpliesthatallthosewhojumptheredlightareuncivilized,whateverthereason.
讲卫生的人不会随便吐痰.
6.<
Thisisanadvertisementforaholidayinnanditsfoodissodeliciousthatitcanmakethecustomer’swifejealous.The"
Frenchtoast〞probablymeansatypeofspecialtyprovidedbythisholidayinn.
C:
你去哪里?
吃饭了没?
E:
Howareyou?
How’severythinggoing?
7.<
Hemeanshedoesn’tspeakFrench.
Russianmajorsdon’tspeakFrench.
Yes.Ithelpstoindicateanegativeanswer.
8.<
a.Heuses"
that〞undertheassumptionthathismomknowswhichletterisbeingreferredto.
b.Heusesanimperativesentencetoaskhermothertoclosethewindow,whichisimpolite.
Johnny:
Mom,PingPingiscomingtovisitusthisafternnoon.
Mother:
WhoisPingPing?
Wang:
It’snotmyfault,isit?
Li:
Yes.
-----------------
Nativespeaker:
Hi,youlookgood.
Zhang:
Notgood,notgoodatall.
ExercisesTask3.
1.
whenwegetsomeonetodosomething,wetendtominimizetheefforttobeinvolved,butwhenwecomplainwetendtoexaggeratethecomplaint.Peoplewanttobepolitebymitigating<
缓解,减轻,平静>
theimposition,whichisface-threatening.
2.Thefirstimperativeisageneralgrammaticalform,butthesecond,thoughstillanimperative,canbeusedtosoundmorepolitebecauseoftheadditionof"
willyou"
3.<
intheoffice>
Boss:
Cometomyofficelater.
Clerk:
Yes,sir.
--------
duringtheafternoontea>
Howisyourdad,Tom?
He’sfine.Thanks,Pat.
4.Hewantstosuggestthathedidnotbreakthewindowbecausehewasengagedwith<
?
>
insomethingelseinotherplaces.
5.InthenovelTheCatcherintheRye,Holden,amiddleschoolstudentalwaysbreaksthepragmaticconventionsandinthatwayshowshisrebellion.
6.WhileweteachEnglishtoChinesestudents,wenotonlyimpartlinguisticinformation<
phonetics,phonology,morphology,andsyntaxofEnglish>
butalsopragmaticinformation<
appropriateuseofEnglishindynamiccontext>
.Forinstance,howwecanusethequestiontag<
反了?
tagquestions>
tosoundmoretentativeandbepolite.
Unit1
[Checkyourunderstanding]
1.f
ThatistheviewheldbyJohnAustinintheearlystage.
2.f
Implicitperformativeutterancesdonothaveaperformativeverb.
3.f
4.f
Thecompletionoftheperlocutionaryactrequirestheaddressee’scooperation.
5.t
1.<
Ifyou’veeversaid"
Ipromise〞or"
Iapologize〞,youhaveperformedthoseactionsbythesimpleactofsayingthem.But"
Iknow〞and"
Ibelieve〞aredeclarative.Sayingthemdoesnotbringaboutanyimmediatechangeinthebelieforknowledgeofthespeaker.
a.Iwishyouagreatsuccess.
IadmitI’mwrong.
b.Imisunderstandyourpoint.
Iseewhatyoumean.
Yes.Forexample,whenwesay"
我在这里向你道歉〞,weareperformingtheactofapologizing.<
>
2.<
"
Afullapology〞heremeansawhollyperformativeutteranceofapologylike"
WeapologizetotheChinesegovernmentandtheChinesepeople〞.Indeed,"
sorry〞isnotaperformativeverb.
Tosomeextent,"
sorry〞canimplicitlyperformtheactofapology.
3.
Thekidnapperintendstoperformtheactsofthreateningandrequiring.
Hewantstomakehiswordssoundlikeanadviceinsteadofathreatening.
4.
a.locutionaryact:
theactofverballysaying"
Todayisnotafreeadmissionday〞.
illocutionaryact:
itimplicitlyrequirespeopletopaytheadmissionfee.
perlocutionaryact:
peoplepaytheadmissionfee<
ifatall>
b.locutionaryact:
Thankyouforyourgenerousdonationandyoursupport〞.
itimplicitlyurgespeopletodonate.
peopledonatemoney<
a'
Admissionfeerequiredtoday"
b’
Weexpectyourgenerousdonationandyoursupport"
Thefirstischosentobelessimposing.Thesecondischosentoattractpeople’sdonation.
5.
No,itisnotaverdictive.Itisjustanadvertisementfroms<
a>
hotelwhosenamehappenstobe"
Jurys〞.
Theproprietorplaysagameofwordstoattractcustomers.
Exercises
Task3
1.
a.constative?
locution:
Nosmokinginthisarea〞.Illocution:
Forbiddingpeoplefromsmokinghere.Perlocution:
Peopledonotsmokehere.
b.constative.Locution:
Ticketpassengersonly〞.Illocution:
Askingpassengerstobuyticketsiftheywantto<
enterthemuseum>
.Perlocution:
Passengersbuyticketstoenterthemuseum.
c.constative.Locution:
Tokenvendingmachine〞.Illocution:
Informingthepublicofthefactthattheycanbuytokensthroughthismachine.Perlocution:
Peoplebuytokensthroughthismachine<
Yes.Itsolvestheproblemthatconstativescanindeedberegardedasimplicitwaysofdoingthings.Thus,allutterancesare"
performative〞inessence.
Yes,Iagree.SupposeAsaidtoB"
it’sstuffyhere〞.TheactualeffectmaybethatAisunderstoodtobecomplaining,buttheintendedeffectisthatsomeoneshouldopenthewindoworthedooranditmaybringBtoperformtheactinsteadoflettinghimjustlistentoA’scomplaint.
a,<
a,and<
aareperformativeutterancesandcanstandthetest"
hereby〞.However,in<
b,<
cand<
c,"
know〞,"
think〞,"
amuse〞and"
flatter〞arenotperformativeverbs.In<
b,thethirdpersonsubjectisused.In<
c,simplepasttenseisused.
4.Bothverdictivesandexertivesinvolveademonstrationofpowers,rights,orinfluence.However,verdictiveshavetheillocutionaryforceofissuingaformalorofficialjudgmentandgivingaverdict,whileexertivesinvolvemakingdecisionsinfavoroforagainstacertaincourseofaction,oradvocacyofit.
5.Theseutterancesarenottrueorfalse,thatis,nottruth-evaluable.Theutteringofthemonformaloccasionsisorispartofthedoingofacertainkindofaction,theperformanceofwhich,again,wouldnotnormallybedescribedasjust"
saying〞or"
describing"
something<
cf.Austin1962,5>
e.g.
"
Thismeetingisnowadjourned.〞
Thecourtisnowinsession.〞
Thischurchisherebyde-sanctified.〞批准,认可,使合法化
Unit2
1.f
Itiscriticizedaslackingcriteriaforclassification.
Thehearerisheldresponsible.
4.t
5.f
No,theyareessentiallydirectives.
你能帮我还书吗,谢谢哦.〞
We’llbeverygratefulforyourpresence.〞
Becausetheyexpectotherpeople’scomplianceinsteadofrefusals.Onefeelsindebted感激的,受惠的,蒙恩的ifonedoesnotcomplywiththerequest.
2.
Commissives
Yes.Thesecondpromiseisachievedwithaconditionwhichmayturnthepromise<
acommissive>
intoarequirement<
adirective>
No.Utteranceaisathreat.Utterancebinvolvessomethingthatthespeakercannotxcontrol.Utterancecdescribessomethinginthepastratherthansomethingthatthespeakerwilldointhefuture.Utterancedinvolvesanactthatthehearerratherthanthespeakerwilldointhefuture.Utteranceehasathirdpersonasthesubject.Utterancefisastatementaboutsomethingthathappenedinthepast.
a.propositionalcontentcondition<
whatissaidisaboutsomethingthatthespeakerhasdonewrongly>
;
b.sinceritycondition<
thespeakerisseriousorsincereinmakingtheapology;
c.preparatoryconditions<
e.g.thepersonwhoisapologizingshouldhavemademistakes>
d.essentialcondition<
bothsidesunderstandthatwhatthespeakersaysisanapology>
Zhang:
这件事你不应这样处理的.
Li:
好嘛,算我错了行了吧.[wherethespeakerisnotsincere]
Thecustomerwhenhesaysthereisaflyinmysoup<
whichismeanttobeacomplaint>
Becausesayingthatcannormallyattractthewaiter’sattentionandthewaiterknowswhattodoinacontextlikethis.
Yes.Sometimes,wespeakindirectlytosaveourorothers’face.
Yes,Iagreewithher.Hearingthecustomer’swords,thewaitermaynottakeitseriously<
ifheisnotjoking>
TheroleoftheunderlinedpartisexplainingthereasonoftherefusalsothatAndywillacceptJack’srefusalmorereadily.
Notnecessarily.Awhiteliealsodoesthesametrick.
a.Callingonpeopletosavewater.
b.Denyingpeopletherighttoparkhere.
The"
irrelevant〞informationisusedtoenhancethech
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