Survey of OPI of ICAO English Test in CAACWord下载.docx
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Survey of OPI of ICAO English Test in CAACWord下载.docx
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speakingproficiencybasedonthecriteriaestablishedinICAOlanguageproficiencyrequirementsinDOC9835.
TheOPIinCAACICAOEnglishtesttakestheformofacarefullystructuredconversationbetweenatrainedandcertifiedinterviewerandthepersonwhosespeakingproficiencyisbeingassessed.Aratableconversationisadministeredbyanindividuallydeterminedseriesofquestions,whichfollowtheprocedures:
warmup,levelcheck,probe,andwinddown.
1.1.Whatis“speaking”?
“Speaking”isoneofthelanguageskills.Therearefourlanguageskills:
speaking,listening,readingandwriting."
Speaking"
istheproductive,oralskill.
"
consistsofproducingsystematicverbalutterancestoconveymeaning."
is"
aninteractiveprocessofconstructingmeaningthatinvolvesproducingandreceivingandprocessinginformation"
.Itisoftenspontaneous,open-ended,andevolving,butitisnotcompletelyunpredictable."
isafundamentalhumanbehavior.
1.2.WhatspeakingcompetencesarerequiredinOPI?
SpeakingcompetencesrequiredinOPIare:
Linguisticcompetences:
Goodpronunciationandintonation;
widevocabulary;
excellentmasteryofEnglishgrammarrules,andcommunicativecompetence.Thecommunicativeabilitiesinclude:
theabilitytointeractwithotherspeakers;
theabilitytoconveythemeaning;
theabilitytouselanguageappropriatelyinvariouscontexts;
theabilitytouselanguagestrategiestocompensateforgapsinskillsandknowledge;
theabilitytobeaccurate;
tobeabletoselectthecorrectwordsandexpressionsaswellasgrammaticalpatternstoconveytheintendedmeaning;
theabilitytobefluent;
tobeabletospeakfluidly,confidently,andatarateconsistentwiththenormsofrelevantnativespeechcommunity;
1.3.TheFormatofCAACOPI
CAACOPIconsistsoffourstages:
Warm-up;
levelcheck;
probe;
wrap-up。
TheoverallstructureoftheOPIissummarizedbelow:
StagesContentItemTypesQuestionsnumberTime(minutes)IGeneralinformationWarmup52-3IIWork-relatedtopicsLevelcheck105-6IIIFurthercheckandpicturetalkingProbe86-7IVGeneralquestionsWrapup51-2Total2813-17minutes
2ICAOratingscales
ICAOhasdesignedthelanguageproficiencyratingscaleswhichinsomesensemaybeanotionofastandardtobeusedasaframeofreferencefortheassessorstobeabletomakeconsistentjudgementsaboutpilotsandcontrollerlanguageproficiency.Sixperformancedescriptorshavebeendevelopedwhichdescribespokenperformanceasthesixlevels.
2.1SixLevelsofICAOLanguageProficiencyRating
ICAOhasdevelopedsixlevelsofICAOlanguageproficiencyratingandestablishedthattheOperationalLevel(Level4)istheminimumrequiredproficiencylevelforradiotelephonycommunication.Levels1through3describePre-elementary,Elementary,andPre-operationallevelsoflanguageproficiency,respectively,allofwhichdescribealevelofproficiencybelowtheICAOlanguageproficiencyrequirement.Levels5and6describeExtendedandExpertlevels,atlevelsofproficiencymoreadvancedthantheminimumrequiredStandard.Asawhole,thescalewillserveasbenchmarksfortrainingandtesting,andinassistingcandidatestoattaintheICAOOperationalLevel.
2.2EvaluationofOPI
ICAOhasalsoestablishedsixperformancedescriptorswhichdescribespokenperformanceasthesixlevels:
expertlevel,extendedlevel,operationallevel,pre-operationallevel,elementarylevel,pre-elementarylevel;
andthesixdescriptors:
Pronunciation;
vocabulary;
structure;
comprehension;
fluency;
andinteraction.
OPIisapartofthetest.ScoresofOPIwillnotbereportedasindividualbutasapartofthetest.Thefinalresults"
LEVEL"
reportwillbeissuedtothecandidates.
3SuggestionsfortheOralProficiencyInterview
TheOPIinCAACICAOEnglishtestisnormallyadministeredfacetofaceforcontrollers'
interviewsandfacetofaceviavideoforpilots'
interviews.Itassessesthecandidate'
sspeakingproficiencyandtakesintoconsiderationfactorssuchaspronunciation,structures,vocabulary,fluency,comprehension,interaction,thedifferentabilitytosuccessfullyworkthroughvariouslinguistictasks.Itconsistsoffourstages:
warm-up,levelcheck,probe,andwrapup.HerearesometechniquesandsuggestionsforICAOOPI.
3.1Suggestionsforwarmup
Thefirstpartoftheinterviewiswarm-up.Thispartistogiveacandidateachancetofamiliarizehimselfwithinterlocutor'
pronunciationandthetestingenvironment.
Thequestionsofthispartaregenerallyaboutpersonalinformationorautobiographicalinformation,familybackground,interestsandhobbies,informationofcampuslifeorcompanylife,thefutureschedulesetc.
Duringthistheinterview,thecandidateshouldtrytogetfamiliarwiththeinterlocutor'
spronunciation.Trytomaketestenvironmenteasytogoandmakehimrelaxed.
Atthebeginningoftheinterviewspeakingwithconfidenceisimportant.Thereforethecandidateshouldspeakwithclearpronunciation,trytogiveagoodimpressionontheinterlocutor.Thecandidateshouldalsospeakfluentlywithenthusiasmtoshowthatheisinterestedintheinterview.Answerstothequestionsshouldbesimpleandbriefwithloudandclearvoice.
3.2.Suggestionsforlevelcheck
Levelcheck:
istoassessthecandidate'
sabilitytoperformlinguistictasksatabaselevel.Inthispartaseriesofquestionsrelatedwithaviationwillbeaskedinordertoestablishthebasiclevelofthecandidate'
slanguageproficiency.Answerstothequestionsinthispartshouldbeprovidedindetail.Forexample:
Whatsportsdoyouliketoplay?
Why?
Answer1――Badminton
Answer2――Iliketoplaybadminton.Badmintonisagoodsport.ManypeopleliketoplayBadminton.Badmintonispopularsportinchina.
Answer3――Iliketoplaybadmintonbecauseitisafungame.Mostofmyfriendsplaybadmintonaftertheyhavefinishedtheirflights.Unlikefootballbadmintonisasafeandhealthysport,besidesbadmintoncanbeplayedatanyplace.
Answer1istoosimple.Itdoesnotgiveacompleteanswer.
Answer2givessomewhatadetailedanswerandtheanswerprovidessomerelatedinformation.Butthesentenceshavenotarrangedwell.Allthesentencesaresimpleandisolated.
Answer3isthebest.Theanswersarequitemeaningful.Basicgrammaticalstructuresandsentencepatternsareconsistentlywellcontrolled.Complexstructuresareattemptedinthereply.Itpresentsthecandidate'
slanguageability.
Givingadescriptionofanevent"
isanotherrequirementinthisstage.Descriptionshouldcontainseveralsteps:
whenithappened;
whereithappened;
whatitwas;
whyithadsuchimpression.
Givingadescriptionofaperson"
isoftenfoundinthisstage.Descriptionshouldcontainseveralsteps:
Therelationshipbetweenthecandidateandtheperson;
whatthecandidatethinksthepersonwhohasimpressedhimmost;
whereandwhenthecandidatemettheperson;
whatthecandidatedotogetherwiththeperson;
theperson'
sappearanceandpersonality;
whythecandidatethinksthepersonisagoodfriend;
Whatthebeautifulmemoriesbetweenthecandidatesandthepersonare
3.3SuggestionsforProbe
PartthreeisProbe,whichistodeterminethecandidate'
sabilityinperforminglinguistictasksatthehigherlevel.Inthisparttheinterlocutorwillseekadditionalquestionsinordertofindouthowmuchlanguagethecandidatecanproduceandwhatlanguageproficiencylevelhecanreallyreach.Thequestionsaremorechallenged.Andthesituationismorecomplex.Thereisapicturetalkinginthepart.
Thecandidateshouldmakethebestuseofperiodoftime.Speakasmuchaspossible.Trytogeteveryopportunitytodemonstratethecandidate'
slanguagecompetence.
Generallyspeaking,duringthisperiodoftime,thecandidatesarerequiredtodescribeanunusualeventintheflightorcontrollingcareersorunforgettableexperiencesorevents.Thecandidateshoulddescribetheeventsclearly,logicallyandcompletely.
Basedonthedescriptionsomequestionswillbeasked,forexample:
whydoesthecandidatethinktheeventhasoccurred?
Whatdoesthecandidatethinkshouldbedoneabout?
Whathasthecandidate
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