现在分词用法讲解.doc
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现在分词用法讲解.doc
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现在分词Page2of2
一、现在分词:
在句中可以做表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。
现在分词
主动
被动
一般
(not)doing
(not)beingdone
完成
(not)havingdone
(not)havingbeendone
二、现在分词的基本用法
1.作表语:
表主语的特征。
如amusing,discouraging,puzzling,refreshing,astonishing。
2.作定语:
(1).表示主动的、进行的状态:
Thegirlwearingblueskirtismysister.=Thegirlwhoiswearingblueskirtismysister.(比较:
Thefactorybeingbuiltnowisabigone.)
(2).说明被修饰词的性质和特征:
Thisisaninterestingstory.
(3).相当于非限制性定语,常用逗号分开:
Tom,wearingbeautifulclothes,followedmedownthehill.=Tom,whoiswearingbeautifulclothes,followedmedownthehill.
(4).与adv./n.构成复合词作定语:
ThisisanEnglish-speakingcountry.
3.作状语:
表示主动的、进行的状态,其逻辑主语是句中的主语。
(如果不是,需在v.-ing形式前加名词或代词作逻辑主语:
Time permitting, the football match will be played on Friday.)
(1).原因状语:
Nothavingbeeninvitedtotheparty,shehadtostayhome.
(2).时间状语:
Seeingtheirteachercoming,thestudentsstoppedtalking.
如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生,常在现在分词前加上when或while:
Whilewaitingfortheplane,IhadalongtalkwithSimon.
(3).条件状语:
Workingharder,you'llbeNo.1inyourclass.
(4).让步状语:
Weighingalmosttwohundredkilograms,thestonewasmovedbyhimalone.
(5).结果状语:
Hedied,leavingnothingbutdebts.
(6).伴随状语:
Hesatbythedesk,begging.
注意:
Theparkwasfullofpeople,enjoyingthemselvesinthesunshine.由此可知伴随状语的特点:
①主语所做的另一动作或②与谓语动作(状态)同时发生或③对谓语进行补充说明。
(7).方式状语:
Followingtheirteacher,thestudentsenteredtheroomquietly.
4.作宾补:
表示主动的、进行的状态,与宾语有逻辑上的“主表”或“主谓”关系:
Weallfoundhisequipmentinteresting.(主表关系)/IsawMarygoingupstairsthen.(主谓关系)
三、现在分词的两个基本特点
1.在时间上表示动作正在进行:
adevelopingcountry,boilingwater,risingsun(比较:
adevelopedcountry,boiledwater,risensun)
2.在语态上表示主动:
therulingclass统治阶级,theexploitingclass剥削阶级(比较:
theruledclass被统治阶级,theexploitedclass被剥削阶级)
四、独立主格结构(AbsolutePhrase)由两部分组成,前一部分是名词或者代词,后一部分是不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。
前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。
其本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。
Alecturetobegiventomorrow,theprofessorhastostayuplateintothenight.(原因)
Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.(条件)
Hewaslyingonthegrass,hishandscrossedunderhishead. (伴随)
Anairaccidenthappenedtotheplane,nobodyalive.(结果)
Themeetingover,theyallwenthome.(时间)
Twohundredpeoplediedintheaccident,manyofthemchildren.(结果)
Theboygoestotheclassroom,bookinhand.(伴随)
Anotherstorytobecompleted,thewriterstayedupalmosteverynight.(目的)
1.Therewasaterriblenoise__thesuddenburstoflight.
A.followed B.following C.tobefollowed D.beingfollowed
2.Theministerexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,__thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.
A.havingadded B.toadd C.adding D.added
3.Europeanfootballisplayedinmorethan80countries,__itthemostpopularsportintheworld.
A.making B.makes C.made D.tomake
4.__fromthetopofthehill,wecanfindthatthecitylooksmorebeautiful.
A.Seeing B.Seen C.Saw D.Tobeseeing
5.Soontheycouldseethesteam__fromthewetclothes.
A.rise B.rising C.risen D.berising
6.Themissingboyswerelastseen__neartheriver.
A.playing B.tobeplaying C.play D.toplay
7.Withhislipsstill__,hecouldn'tsayaword.
A.trembling B.tremble C.totremble D.tobetrembling
8.“Mama!
”hecriedsuddenly,tearsdownhischeeks.
A.roll B.rolling C.toroll D.rolled
9.Weather,we'llgototheGreatwall.
A.topermit B.beingpermit C.permitting D.permitted
10.Theoldfarmercameoutoftheburninghouse,forhelp.
A.calling B.called C.tobecalled D.call
11.Ismellsomethinginthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?
A.burning B.burnt C.beingburnt D.tobeburnt
12.Thebravemandied,hisyoungwifenothingbuta__cottage.
A.left;breaking B.leaving;broken C.left;broken D.toleave;breaking
13.__hardbefore,Tomisafraidoffailingintheexam.
A.Havingbeenworked B.Havingnotworked
C.Havingneverworked D.Neverhaveworked
14.__theexam,theboywaspunishedbyhisfather.
A.Nopassing B.Havingpassed C.Havingnotpassing D.Nothavingpassed
15.Time__,Icanhavedoneitbetter.
A.permit B.bepermitted C.permitting D.topermit
16.__,theboycouldn’tenterhishouse.
A.Sincethekeyhaslost B.Thekeybeenlost
C.Lostthekey D.Havinglostthekey
17.__intomanylanguages,thestoryiswellknownallovertheworldnow.
A.Beingtranslated B.Havingtranslated C.Tobetranslated D.Havingbeentranslated
18.__fortheterribleaccident,themayorfeltnervousandwasatalosswhattodo.
A.Havingblamed B.Toblame C.Beingto
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