本部文学史名词解释及问题参考答案.docx
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本部文学史名词解释及问题参考答案.docx
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本部文学史名词解释及问题参考答案
I.Definition[分值调整:
考4个,每个5分]20%
1.Dramaticmonologue
DramaticmonologueisatypeoflyricpoemperfectedbyRobertBrowningasrepresentedbyhis‘MyLastDuchess’,‘TheRingandtheBook’,etc.Dramatichasthefollowingfeatures:
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(1)asingleperson,whoispatentlynotthepoet,uttersthespeechthatmakesupthewholeofthepoem,inaspecificsituationatacriticalmoment.(2>Thispersonaddressesandinteractswithoneormoreotherpeoplewhosepresenceisimaginary.(3>Themainprinciplecontrollingthepoet’scompositionistorevealtothereaderthespeaker’stemperamentandcharacter.p1EanqFDPw
2.Sentimentalism
Atermappliedtowhatisperceivedtobeanover-indulgenceinthetenderemotionsofhumanheart,sentimentalismcameintobeinginthemiddleofthe18thcenturyBritainastheresultofbitterdiscontentanddissatisfactionamongtheenlightenedpeoplewithsocialrealityandtheprinciplesoforderandreasonpreachedbytheclassicists.Sentimentalismturnedtothecountrysideforitsmaterialandisinstrikingcontrasttoclassicism,whichconfineditselftotheclubs,drawing-rooms,socialandpoliticallife.Thepoetryofsentimentalistsismarkedbyasinceresympathyforthepoverty-stricken,expropriatedpeasants.DXDiTa9E3d
3.Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism,aphilosophicalandliterarymovementthatdevelopedinthe1830sand1840sasaprotesttotheintellectualismatHarvardUniversityandthedoctrineofUnitarianchurch,drewitssourcefromKantianidealismandOrientalmysticism.ItwasthereassertionofreligiousidealismofthePuritanpastandFranklin’sidealaboutself-cultureandself-improvement.EmphasiswasplacedonthecoexistenceoftheOversoul,theindividualandNature.Emerson’sNatureservedasitsmanifestationandThoreautesteditsvaluesinWaldenbywithdrawingfromsocietalcomplexitiesanddistractionstoalifeofsolitudeandself-relianceinnature.RTCrpUDGiT
Transcendentalism
4.ByronicHero
TheByronicheroisavariantoftheRomanticheroasatypeofcharacter,namedaftertheEnglishRomanticpoetGeorgeGordonByron.BothLordByron'slifeandwritingshavebeenconsideredindifferentwaystoexemplifythetype.TheByronicherofirstappearsinByron'ssemi-autobiographicalepicnarrativepoemChildeHarold'sPilgrimage(1812–1818>,andwasdescribedbythehistorianandcriticLordMacaulayas"amanproud,moody,cynical,withdefianceonhisbrow,andmiseryinhisheart,ascornerofhiskind,implacableinrevenge,yetcapableofdeepandstrongaffection".5PCzVD7HxA
5.Puritanism
ThemostenduringshapinginfluenceinAmericanthoughtandliterature,PuritanismwasoriginallyareligiousreformmovementthataimedtorestorethepurityoftheChurchofEnglandandpreachedthedoctrineofpredestination,originalsin,totaldepravity,andlimitedatonement.Undersiegefromchurchandcrown,itsentanoffshootintheNewWorld--amigrationthatlaidthefoundationforthereligious,intellectual,andsocialorderofNewEngland.ItwasnotonlycoincidentwiththefoundingofNewEnglandbutalsoakilljoywayoflifecharacterizedbyreligiousintoleranceandausterityoftaste.jLBHrnAILg
6.LocalColorism
Localcolorism,otherwisecalledregionalism,isaliterarytrendthatmadeitsfirstpresenceinlate1860sandearly1870sinBretHarte’s“TheLuckofRoaringCamp”.Localcoloristsconcernedthemselveswithpresentingandinterpretingwithatouchofhumorlocalcharactersoftheirregions.Theytendedtoidealizedandglorify,butneverforgottokeepaneyeonthetruthfulcoloroflocallife.Theydealtexplicitlythelocalenvironment,coinedtheword“veritism”fortheparticularbrandofrealism.NovelistsofthisschoolincludedMarkTwain,KateChopin,andHarrietBeecherStowe.xHAQX74J0X
7.Classicism
Asaspecificgenreofphilosophy,classicismexpresseditselfinliterature,architecture,artandmusicparticularlyinNeoclassicismoftheAgeofEnlightenment.DrawingsourcesfromAncientGreekandRoman,classiciststriedtocontrolliterarycreationbysomefixedlawsandrules.Rimedcouplets,unitiesoftime,placeandaction,regularityinconstruction,andpresentationoftypesweresomestandardsofdrama.Poetryshouldbelyric,epic,didactic,satiricordramatic.Proseshouldbeprecise,directandflexible.Inthe18thCenturyEngland,majorexponentsofclassicismincludedAlexanderPope,JosephAddison,RichardSteeleandSamuelJohnson.LDAYtRyKfE
8.HarlemRenaissance
ItisaperiodofremarkablecreativityinliteraturebyAfrican-AmericansformtheendofWWIthroughthe1920s.AsaresultofthemassmigrationsbothtoescapelegalsegregationofAmericanSouthandtotakeadvantageofjobsopenedtotheblacks,thepopulationoftheregionknownasHarlembecameexclusivelyBlackandthecentreofAfrican-Americanculture.Distinguishedfigur
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