最新新世纪研究生英语听说下PARTB听力原文Word文档下载推荐.docx
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最新新世纪研究生英语听说下PARTB听力原文Word文档下载推荐.docx
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spopulation,usemostoftheresources.Iftheseresourcescouldbedistributedmoreequallyaroundtheworld,therewouldbeenoughforeveryone.
Otherscientistssaythatwemustlimitpopulationgrowthbecauseourresourcesarelimited.Only10percentoftheearth'
slandcanbeusedforfarmingandanother20percentforraisinganimals.Itispossibletoincreasetheamountoffarmland,butonlyalittle.Somelandindevelopingcountriescouldbemoreproductiveifpeoplestartedusingmodernfarmingmethods,butthiswouldnotincreaseworldwideproductionbymuch.
Weallknowthatthereisalimitedamountofpetroleum.Therearealsolimitstotheamountsofmetals.Thereisalimittotheamountofwaterwecanusesincemostoftheearth'
swaterissaltwater,andmostofthefreshwaterisfrozenattheNorthandSouthPoles.
Itisdifficulttosayhowmanypeopletheearthcansupport,butitwillhelpeveryoneifwecanlimitpopulationgrowthbeforeseriousshortagesdevelop.Theproblemishowtodoit.
PassageTwo
TheMiddleEast'
sWaterResourceCrisis
Freshwater,lifeitself,hasnevercomeeasyintheMiddleEast.EversincetheOldTestamentwhenGodpunishedmanwith40daysand40nightsofrain,watersuppliesherehavebeendwindling.Therainfallonlycomesinwinteranddrainsquicklythroughthesemiaridland,leavingthesoiltobakeandtothirstfornextNovember.
Theregion'
sacceleratingpopulationgrowth,expandingagriculture,industrialization,andhigherlivingstandardsdemandmorefreshwater.Droughtandpollutionlimititsavailability.Warandmismanagementsquanderit.NationslikeIsraelandJordanareswiftlyslidingintothatzonewheretheyareusingallthewaterresourcesavailabletothem.Theyhaveonly15to20yearsleftbeforetheiragriculture,andultimatelytheirfoodsecurity,isthreatened.
Evenamidthescarcitythereare"
haves"
and"
have-nots"
.ComparedwiththeUnitedStates,whichhasafreshwaterpotentialof10,000cubicmetersayearforeachcitizen,Iraqhas5,500,Turkeyhas4,000,andSyriahaslittlemorethan2,800.Egypt'
spotentialisonly1,100,Israelhas460,andJordanhaslessthan260.Butthesearenotfirmfigures,becauseupstreamuseofriverwatercandramaticallyalterthepotentialdownstream.
ScarcityisonlyoneelementoftheMiddleEast'
swatercrisis.Inefficiencyisanother,asisthereluctanceofsomewater-poornationstochangeprioritiesfromagriculturetolesswater-intensiveenterprises.Someexpertssuggestthatifthesenationswouldsharebothwatertechnologyandresources,theycouldsatisfytheregion'
spopulation,currently159million.Butinthispatchworkofethnicandreligiousrivalries,thewatercrisisisnotaclear-cutissue.Itisentangledinthepoliticsthatkeeppeoplefromtrustingandseekinghelpfromoneanother.Herewherewater,liketruth,isprecious,eachnationtendstofinditsownwaterandsupplyitsowntruth.
LESSONTWO
PassageI
PurseSnatching
Pursesnatchingisanincreasinglycommoncrime.Thereareestimated50to100pursesnatchingseachmonthintheNewYorkCitysubways,thenumberoftenswingingwidelybecauseofthedepredations(掠夺,破坏)ofasingleteenager.Whensuchaprofessionalisincustody(被监禁,被拘留着),thesnatchescandecreasebymorethan50amonth.Oneofthefavoredtechniquesistostandbetweentwosubwaycarsandasatrainstartspullingoutofthestation,reachoutandpullfreeawoman'
spurse.
Recently,acrimeanalysisofficerfortheNewYorkPoliceDepartmentfoundthatpursestealinginManhattan'
stoprestaurantswasup35percentoverthepreviousyear.Whenawomanputsherpurseonanemptychairatatableoratherfeetbesideherchair,sheisinvitingapursesnatchertotakeit.Pursesnatchersoftenworkinpairs.Whenatargetinarestaurantisseen,oneofthemwillcreatesomekindofdisturbancetogainthevictim'
sattention.Whilethewomanislookingawayfromhertable,theactualsnatcherwillliftthepurse.Apopulartechniqueisforthethieftocarryanumbrellawiththecurvedhandledown.Theumbrellahandlesuddenlyhooksthebagandinaninstantitisonthethief’swrist,orunderthecoatoverhisarmifheisaman,andonitswayoutoftherestaurant.Policeadvisethatwomeninrestaurantskeeptheirpurseeitherontheirlapsoronthefloorbetweentheirlegs.
Otherpursesnatcherswhooperateintheatersarecalled"
seattippers"
victimizingwomenwhoputtheirpursesdownonaneighboringemptyseat.Othersspecializeinsnatchingpursesfromladies'
rooms.Whenawomanisinatoiletstall,herpurseshouldneverbeplacedonthefloororhungonthecoathookonthedoor.Thievessimplydiveunderthedoorandgrabthepurseonthefloor,orstandonthetoiletinthenextstallandreachoverandtakethepurseoffthehook.Thesnatcherhasenoughtimetoescapesincethevictimcan'
timmediatelypursuethethief.
PassageII
HowDoHandwritingExpertsCatchCriminals
OntheafternoonofJuly4,1995,Mrs.BeatriceWeinbergerbroughtherone-montholdbabybackfromanouting.Sheleftthepram(童车;
婴儿车(亦作:
perambulator))outsideherhouseandhurriedinsidetogetthebabyacleannappy.Whenshereturnedafewmomentslater,thepramwasemptyandascrawled(乱涂,潦草地写)notewaslyingwhereherbabyhadbeen.
Thenotesaid:
"
Attention.Ibadlyneedmoney,andcan'
tgetitanyotherway.Don'
ttellthepoliceaboutthis,otherwiseIwillkillthebaby."
Justput$2,000insmallbillsinabrownenvelope,andplaceitnexttotheroadlampatthecornerofAlbemarleRd.atexactly10o'
clocktomorrow(Thursday)morning."
Ifeverythinggoessmooth,Iwillbringthebabybackandleavehimonthesamecorner'
safeandhappy'
atexactly12noon.Noexcuse,Icannotwait!
Yourbaby-sitter."
Despitethekidnapper'
swarning,Mrs.Weinbergercontactedthepolice.
Asmallparcelcontainingbrokenpiecesofnewspaperwasplacedonthecornerthefollowingmorning.Butthekidnapperdidnotshowup.Hefailedtokeeptwoother"
appointments"
withtheWeinbergers,andleftasecondnotesigned"
Yourbaby-sitter"
.Bythen,thepolicefeltthatthebabywasnolongeralive.
TheFBIwascalledin,andthehandwritingexpertssettoworktotrytotrackdownthekidnapper.Inbothnotesanunusualz-shapedstrokewasplacedatthefrontoftheyinwordssuchas"
money"
baby"
.
StartingwiththeNewYorkStatePoliceOffice,theexpertsspentthenextsixweekscarefullygoingoverlocalrecordsatpoliceoffices,factories,hotels,clubsandschoolsandexamininghandwritingsamplesandcomparingthemwiththewritingonthekidnapper'
snotes.
Then,inthemiddleofAugust,theexperts'
hardeffortspaidoff.ThehandwritingofJohnRushBlakematchedthatofthekidnapper'
s,especiallyinthepeculiarformationoftheys.(Whileachievingsuccessiseasiersaidthandone,persistencedoesinfactpayoff.
获得成功说起来比做起来容易,然而坚持不懈确实会有好结果。
)
Notlongafter,JohnBlakewasarrestedformakingillegalalcohol.Onbeingshownthehandwritingsamples,heconfessedtokidnappingthebaby.Hetoldthepolicethathehadleftthebabyaliveandwellinanearbyparkonthedayafterthekidnapping.Butwhenofficershurriedtotheplace,alltheyfoundwasthebaby'
sdeadbody.ThecriminalwaslaterputintoNewYork'
sSingSingPrison.
EvenifJohnBlakehadtriedtodisguisehishandwritinghewouldstillhavebeencaught.
Nomatterhowhardsomeonemaytrytodisguisehishandwritingcharacteristics,the"
individuality"
ofthewritershowsthrough,theveryangleatwhichheorsheholdsapen,thewayatiscrossedandan/isdotted,theheightandsizeofcapitalandsmallletters,theamountofspacebetweenwords,theuse(ormisuse)ofpunctuationmarks.Allthesecanidentifyapersonassurelyasfingerprints.
LESSONTHREE
PassageOne
TheApplicationofComputersInEducation
Thebestmethodforimprovingeducationalstandardsistoutilizeeverytoolavailableincludingstate-of-the-art达到最新技术发展水平的technology.ComputersandtheInternethaveexpandedthewayinwhichinformationcanbedeliveredtothestudentsoftoday.Today'
snetworkingtechnologiesprovideavaluableopportunitytopracticenewlearningtechniques.Educatorsarediscoveringthatcomputersarefacilitatinglearning.Computer-basedcommunications,ortelecommunicationscanoffermanyeducationalopportunities;
therefore,educatorswillneedtoadaptcurrentteachingmethodstoincorporatethisnewmediaintotheclassroom.
Computershavemadeafundamentalimpactonmostindustries,providingacompetitiveadvantagethathascometobeessentialtomanybusinesses.Therefore,schoolsmustalsousetechnologytoimprovetheeducationalprocess.Schoolsystemsoftenconsiderpurchasingacomputenetwork,andjustifyitspurchasebyapplyingittoroutineadministrativetasks,suchaattendancerecordsandgrading.Whilethesetasksareveryimportant,theyonlyshowasmallpartofwhatt
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