最新英语小说导读海明威之acleanwelllightedplace的课后练习Word格式.docx
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最新英语小说导读海明威之acleanwelllightedplace的课后练习Word格式.docx
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esrmeditationwiththenadarefrain.
Nadameansnothing.ItisaSpanishword.Andfromthisrefrain,wecanknowthatnothingcannotbedealwithbymanorgod.ItisthesenselessnessofeachheartT.hereisnomeaninginlife.Nothingistheexperienceofone'
sownexistence,andthethoroughunderstandingoflife.
Whydoestheoldwaitersowellunderstandtheoldm'
saneedforacafé
?
Theoldwaiterisamiddle-ageman.Thoughheisn'
tasoldastheoldman,hesuffersthewarandlife,andhealsohastheinsomnialikemanyothermen(perhapsincludingtheoldman).Healsofeelsthelonelinessandnothingnessinhislife.Sohecanunderstandtheoldman'
sfeelingaboutthelife,andhecanevenrelateandseehisfutureintheoldman.Thisiswhytheoldwaitersowellunderstandstheoldman'
sneedforacafé
.Thecafisé
apeacefulplacewheretheoldmancanescapefromthelonelinessandnothingnessanddesperationinthelife.
Whatdoesthecafreé
presentfortheoldmanandtheoldwaiter?
Thecafé
isacleanandwell-lightedplaceinthestory.Itisanidealizedspace.Sittinginthecafé
theywillfeelpeacefulandcomfortable.Thecafisaé
placewheretheoldmanandtheoldwaitercanescapefromloneliness.Thecafislighteé
d,becauselightcanchasesawaythedark.Thecafé
isclean,whichmakesthemfeelcomfortableandpeaceful.
2
Differentattitudestowardstheoldman
Theyoungwaiter:
Theyoungwaiterisselfishandimpatient.Helooksdownupontheoldman.Hethinkstheoldmanisnasty.Heiseasilyangryandimpolitetotheoldmanbecausehewantstogobackhomeandsleepsearly.Hedoesn'
tunderstandtheoldman.Heevenwantstheoldmantosuicide.
e.g.“Im'
sleepynow,Inevergetintobedbeforethree
o'
clock.Heshouldhavekilledhimselflastweek.”[page
“Iwouldn'
wtanttobethatold.Anoldmanisanastything.”[page157para.6]
Theoldwaiter:
Theoldwaitershowshissympathyfortheoldman,whichistotallydifferentwiththeyoungerwaiter.Heknowstheimportanceofacleanandwell-lightedplaceforthosewhoneedaplacetoescapefromlonelinessandnothingness.Heknowstheoldman'
ssufferingsandwassympathizedwithhim.Hedoesn'
thtinkitisbadthattheoldmanstaysinthecaflaé
te.Herespectstheoldman.
e.g.“Notalways.Thisoldmanisclean.Hedrinkswithoutspilling.Evennow,drunk.”[page157]
Whoseattitudeisclosertothatoftheauthor?
Ithinktheoldwaiters'
attitudeisclosertotheauthorsattitud'
e.Theyoungwaiterisignorance.Hedoesn'
untderstandtheoldman'
smindsohecan'
sttandfortheattitudeoftheauthor.Andtheoldwaiterissympathizedwiththeoldmanandheunderstandswhattheoldmansuffers.Heknowsthelonelinessandnothingness;
heknowsthelossanddespairinthelife.Sotheoldwaiter'
sattitudeabouttheoldmanisclosertotheauthor‘asttitude.
Howdoestheauthormakehisownfeelingclearlytous?
EventhoughHemingwaydoesn'
etditoriallystatehisownfeelings,wecanknowclearlyfromhisstory.Wecananalyzefromthedescriptionoftheoldman.
e.g.“notalways.Thisoldmanisclean.Hedrinkswithoutspilling.Evennow,drunk.”[page157]
Averyoldmanwalkingunsteadilybutwithdignity.[page157]
3
Thestyleofthestory
Inthisshortstory,wecanseeaveryHemingwa'
yswritingstyle.
Firstly,youcanhardlyfindanycomplicatedwords,phrasesorsentences.Hemingwayuseseasyandsimplewordasmanyaspossible.Hetriestocutoutanyunnecessarywords.Thewholestoryiseasytoreadbutnottounderstand.
e.g.Itwaslateandeveryonehasleftthecafexceptané
oldmanwhosatintheshadowtheleavesofthetreemade精品文档
againsttheelectriclight.[firstparagraph]
Secondly,thestoryconsistsofalotofdialogues.Andthesedialoguesarecolloquialandloose.
e.g.“Hewasindespair”.
“Whatabout?
”
“Nothing.”[page155]
Thirdly,thedialogueisdeviatedfromordinaryconversationorder.
e.g.“Hemustbeeightyyearsold”.
“AnywayIshouldsayhewaseighty”.
“Iwishhewouldgohome.Inevergettobedbeforethreeo'
clock.Whatkindofhouristhattogotobed?
”(Thesethreedialoguesactuallyaresaidbytheyoungwaiter.)
Whatrepetitionofwordsorphrasesseemparticularlyeffective?
Theword“café
ap”pearsabout9times.Theword“nothing”appealsabout8timesandthe“Nada”appealsabout23times.“Light”appeals5times.“Cleanandpleasant”appeals3times.And“lighted(includingwell-lighted)”appealsabouttwice.
Ithinkthesewords'
andphrases'
repetitionsareveryeffective.Theyhaveadeepsymbolisminthestory.Forexample:
Café
standsforapeacefulplaceintheirheart,wherecangivethemcomfort.Andthroughthisrepetitionwewillpaymoreattentiontothiswordandthinkaboutitsprofoundmeaningandsymbolism.Anotherexample:
inthestory,HemingwayusetheSpanishwordNada,thisisnotonlytoshowtheauthorwasgoodatSpanish,butalsotodrawreadersattention.Andmakesreaderthinkaboutthisword.
WhydoyouthinkHemingwayfavorsasimplevocabulary?
IthinkthatHemingwayusesasimplevocabularybecausethewordisnotthemostimportantthingtoshowforhim.Themostimportantthinginhismindistoconveyideasabouttheworld.Andhedoesn'
wtantreadersspendalotoftimetoreadthestory,hewantsthereadersspendmoretimetothinkaboutwhatistheprofoundthingthestorywantstotell,andhewantsreaderstounderstandthestoryexactlybutnotjustpayattentiontotheplot.Andtheextremeshortnessmakesthepointofthestorymorepowerful.
4Thepointofviewanditsappropriateness
Thepointofviewofthestoryisthethirdpersonnarrator.
Hemingwayusesthispointofviewinordertomakeusseewhat'
shappeningbothinsideandoutsideofthecharacters'
minds.Wegethintsofwhat'
shappeningwiththeyoungerwaiterandtheoldman.Andwecangetacloselookattheinsideoftheoldwaiter'
smind,wherethetruemeaningofthestoryisrevealed.
5Thesymbolismofinsomnia
Thiswordjustappealsattheendofthestory.Whenyouareinsomniac,youcannotsleepinthenight.Andyouwilltouchtheworldmorecloselyandfeellonelier.Inthestory,insomniaisnotonlyakindofdisease,butthefeelingofloneliness,thedarknessoflifeandthesegregationfromtheworld.Itisaboutfear,nothingandloss.
6Themainideaofthestory
Thestorytalksaboutloneliness,whichHemingwayconsiderstobetheprincipaltragedyofmodernlife.Nothingisalsoanimportantthemeofthestory.Fortheoldman,nadameanshopelessness,aimlessnessandmeaninglessnessoflife.Sohechoosessuicide.Fortheoldwaiter,heunderstandsthefeelingoftheoldmanandhassympathytohim.Hecanalsofeelnothinginhislife.Asfortheyoungwaiter,hehasyouth,confidenceandajob.Hedoesn'
rtealizeheisalsoinnothing.Heisunawareofwhathehas.Hislifeisanotherkindofmeaninglessness.
7Elementsofthesettingofthestoryandtheatmospherethatwasbuilt
Thephysicalsetting
e.g.Itwaslateandeveryonehadleftthecafé
expectanold
manwhosatintheshadowtheleavesofthetreemadeagainsttheelectriclight.Inthedaytimethestreetwasdusty,butatnightthedewsettledthedustandtheoldmanlikedtositlatebecausehewasdeafandnowatnightitwasquietandhefeltthedifference.[page154—page155]
Inthisparagraphwecanseethetime—fromdaytimetonight.Theplace—acafé
acleanandwell-lightedcafé
.Anditmakesatmospherethatadifferentplacefromthedaytime.Nowtheplaceisquietandthegoodlightgivespeopleasenseofsecurityandpeace.However,italsomakespeoplealittleupsetandhopelessnessthattheoldmansitsintheshadow.
Thementalsetting
e.g.Somelivedinitandneverfeltitbutheknewitallwas
nadaypuesnadaynadaypuesdana.Ournadawhoartinnada,nadabethynamethykingdomnadathywillbenadainnadaasitisinnada.⋯hailnothingfullofnothing,nothingiswiththee.[page159]
Thisistheoldwaiter'
smeditationofthenadarefrain.Itmakesstressfulatmosphere.wecanfeeltheakindofnothingnesswhichyoucannotescape.Thewordsgivereadersconfusionbutyoucanfeelthelossandhugedespairclearly.
Thesocialsetting
e.g.“Youhaveyouth,confidence,andajob,”theoldwaiter
said.“youhaveeverything.”
“Andwhatdoyoulack?
“Everythingbutwork.”
“YouhaveeverythingIhave”.
“No..IhaveneverhadconfidenceandIamnotyou.”[page158]
Thisdialogueistalkingabouttheirsocialstatus.Theyoungwaiterthinksthathehasconfidenceandajob.Buttheoldwaiterthinksthathehasnothing.Thiscomparisonmakewethinkaboutwhatdotheyreallyhave.Andtheatmosph
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