中考被动语态解析以及练习Word格式文档下载.docx
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中考被动语态解析以及练习Word格式文档下载.docx
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【语法详解】被动语态
㈠英语中的语态-主动语态和被动语态
⒈英语动词有两种语态:
主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
如:
①Theybuiltanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)→Anewbridgewasbuiltovertheriverbythem.(被动)②ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主动)→Englishisspokenbymanypeople.(被动)
⒉汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成”,即“be+p.p.”,其中助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。
㈡被动语态的基本用法
⒈当句子的主语是动作的执行者时,谓语的形式是主动语态。
当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,谓语要用被动语态。
被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成,时态通过动词be表现出来。
⒉什么时候使用被动语态
⑴不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
①Somewindowswerebrokenlastnight.②Thisbookwaspublished(出版)in2005.
注意:
第②句=Thisbookcameoutin2005.comeout是不及物动词短语,不能用于被动语态。
⑵只强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
①EducationalCD-ROMsaresoldinmanycountries.②RicewasfirstgrowninChina.
③Englishislearnedallovertheworld.
不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态,如:
appear,happen,takeplace等。
㈢被动语态的基本结构
⒈动作的承受者+be+过去分词+其他+by+动作的执行者。
简写为“承受者+be+过去分词+其他+by+动作的执行者”。
⒉主动语态变为被动语态的步骤:
确定主动语态的时态,它决定着被动语态中的助动词be。
→找出主动语态的主、谓、宾。
→按照上述句式改写:
承受者+be+过去分词+其他+by+执行者
⒊常用的被动语态结构
时态
结构
一般现在时
am/is/are+p.p.
含情态动词
can/may/must/…be+p.p.
一般过去时
was/were+p.p.
现在完成时
have/hasbeen+p.p.
一般将来时
will/shallbe+p.p.
am/is/aregoingtobe+p.p.
现在进行时
am/is/arebeing+p.p.
⒋主动改为被动语态的例子:
主动语态基本结构为主、谓、宾。
⑴Hisbrotherwashesdisheseveryday.→Dishesarewashedeverydaybyhisbrother.
主(执行者)谓宾(承受者)其他
⑵Peterwillcleantheroomtomorrow.→TheroomwillbecleanedtomorrowbyPeter.
⑶Hemustlookafterthelittleboy.→Thelittleboymustbelookedafterbyhim.
⑷Thestudentsarewatchingacharityshow.→Acharityshowisbeingwatchedbythestudents.
㈣特殊情况的被动语态
简单句五种基本形式中的其中两种变为被动语态时十分重要:
⒈主谓+双宾:
这类短语含有介词to或for。
give,send,show,buy,make…
⑴givesbsth=givesthtosb,buysbsth=buysthforsb
主动语态:
Amygavemesomenicestickers.=Amygavesomenicestickerstome.
被动语态:
IwasgivensomenicestickersbyAmy.或SomenicestickersweregiventomebyAmy.
⑵主动:
Afairygavetheprincessamagicwand.=AfairygaveamagicwandtoPrincessLaura.
被动:
Theprincesswasgivenamagicwandbyafairy.或Amagicwandwasgiventotheprincess.
总结含有双宾语的动词短语变为被动语态的规则:
可以把任何一个宾语作为被动语态的主语;
如果把直接宾语(即物体)作为主语,动词和直接宾语之间要添加相应的介词to或for。
主动语态中无论使用givesbsth还是givesthtosb,一律按照上述句子改写,即:
givesbsth或givesthtosb→sbbegivensth或sthbegiventosb,这类含有介词to或for的短语见下表
⒉主谓宾+省略to的不定式(即宾补):
使役动词变为被动语态时,原来省略的to一定要加上。
常见短语⑴makesbdosth→sbbemadetodosth(主动语态不含to,被动语态必须带to。
下同)
⑵hearsbdosth→sbbeheardtodosth
⑶seesbdosth→sbbeseentodosth
⑷havesbdosth→sbbehadtodosth
注意特殊例子:
letsbdosth→sbbeletdosth(主动语态和被动语态都不含to。
)
e.g.Hemadetheworkerswork12hoursaday.→Theworkersweremadetowork12hoursaday.
主动语态
被动语态
sendsbsth或sendsthtosb
sbbesentsth或sthbesenttosb
showsbsth或showsthtosb
sbbeshownsth或sthbeshowntosb
buysbsth或buysthforsb
sbbeboughtsth或sthbeboughtforsb
makesbsth或makesthforsb
sbbemadesth或sthbemadeforsb
㈤主动形式表示被动意义:
有些不及物动词(其主语大都指物)的主动语态可以表示被动意义。
⒈某些连系动词。
这些动词有feel,taste,smell,sound,prove等。
①Thecoffeesmellsdelicious.②Thestoryprovedquitefalse.
⒉某些可与well,easily,quickly等副词连用的不及物动词。
①Thiskindofbikessellswell.②Thiskindofricecooksmorequicklythanthatkind.
⒊某些可用于“主+谓+主补”结构中的不及物动词。
e.g.Thebagbrokeopen.
⒋动名词在beworthdoing句型中的主动形式表示被动含义。
①HisnovelsaresowellworthreadingthatIwantone.②Thesestampsareworthcollecting.
⒌动名词在need,want,require等动词后,主动形式表示被动含义。
needdoing=needtobedone
①Theproblemrequiresdealingwithimmediately.②Herbikeneededrepairing.
⒍动词不定式的主动形式在too…to…句型中表示被动含义。
Theboxistooheavytocarry.
⒎有些形容词后的动词不定式有被动含义。
这些形容词有easy,difficult,heavy,nice,good,pleasant,important,useful,dangerous等。
①Badhabitsareeasytocontract.②Englishisdifficulttolearn.
经典例题
第一部分
1.(2011北京)Manyaccidentsbycarelessarriveslastyear.
A.arecausedB.werecausedC.havecausedD.willcause
2.(2011重庆)I’mgladtofindthatmanytressinourcitylastyear.
A.plantB.plantedC.wereplantedD.areplanted
3.(2011安徽)Don’tworry.Yourpackagehereuntilyoucomeback,soenjoyshoppinghere.
A.willkeepB.haskeptC.willbekeptD.hasbeenkept
4.(2011江西)—WhathappenedtoBilly?
—Hebecauseofhisdrink-driving.
A.iscaughtB.wascaughtC.hascaughtD.hadcaught
5.(2011陕西)DrivingafterdrinkingwineinChina.
A.allowsB.doesn’tallowC.isallowedD.isn’tallowed
6.(2011江苏南京)It’sreportedthatNanjingSouthRailwayStationattheendofthismonth.
A.hasbeencompletedB.iscompleted
C.wascompletedD.willbecompleted
7.(2011长沙)—MayIuseyourcup,Tom?
—Sorry,itbymysisterjustnow.
A.wasbrokenB.isbrokenC.broke
8.(2011广东)PeoplewhodrinkwinetodriveafterMayDay.
A.don’tallowB.isn’tallowed
C.mustn’tallowD.mustn’tbeallowed
9.(2011成都)Becauseofthesupportfromalloverthecountry,beautifulnewbuildingshereandthereintheearthquakehitareasinSichuan.
A.canseeB.canbeseenC.willbeseen
10.(2011广东深圳)—WhenshouldIhandinmypaper?
—Yourpapermustassoonasthebell.
A.handin;
ringsB.handin;
willring
C.behandedin;
willringD.behandedin;
rings
11.(2011广西南宁)Treeseveryyeartomakeourcitygreener.
A.plantB.areplantedC.wereplantedD.willbeplanted
12.(2011山东青岛)Yourdonationandthemoneywillbeusedtohelpthestudentsfrompoorfamilies.
A.isgreatlyappreciatingB.appreciates
C.hasappreciatedD.isgreatlyappreciated
13.(2011山东青岛)EachtimetouriststraveltoBeijing,theytheForbiddenCity.
A.willbeshownupB.willbeshownaround
C.willshowaroundD.willshowto
14.(2010北京)Theroadlastyear.
A.buildsB.builtC.wasbuiltD.isbuilt
15.(2010天津)LiuXiangbyhiscoachtotrainregularly.
A.advisedB.advisesC.wasadvisedD.beadvised
16.(2010上海)ADisneylandPark(迪斯尼乐园)inShanghaiPudongNewAreainthenearfuture.
A.buildsB.hasbuiltC.willbuiltD.willbebuilt
17.(2010江苏南京)—CanyousingthisEnglishsong?
——Ofcourse,Ican.Itmanytimesontheradio.
A.taughtB.hastaughtC.istaughtD.hasbeentaught
18.(2010广东)The16thAsianGamesinGuangzhouinNovember,2010.
A.holdsB.willholdC.washeldD.willbeheld
19.(2010四川成都)Noconclusionbeforewecompletethistest.
A.ismadeB.willbemadeC.hasmade
20.(2010云南昆明)Necessaryactionsothatstudentscanbesafeatschools.
A.canbetakenB.mustbetaken
C.maybetakenD.mightbetaken
21.(2010云南昆明)Morethan100workersfromtheWangjialingCoalMineinAprilthatyear.
A.issavedB.aresavedC.wassavedD.weresaved
22.(2009北京)Thesickboytohospitalbythepoliceyesterday.
A.istakenB.wastakenC.takesD.took
23.(2009重庆)Wastepapershouldn’teverywhere.It’sourdutytokeepourcityclean.
A.bethrownB.throwC.isthrownD.arethrown
24.(2009江苏南京)—Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyouthisjob?
—well,I’mthinkingabouttheworkingday.
A.offerB.willofferC.areofferedD.willbeoffered
25.(2009广东深圳)—David,turnofftheTVnooneiswatchingit.
—Butitoffalready!
Themusicisfromtheradio.
A.sothat;
hasbeenturned;
B.when;
hasturned
C.if;
hasbeenturnedD.because;
26.(2009江西)Itogettherebeforeseventomorrow,soI’llhavetogetupearly.
A.toldB.havetoldC.willtellD.wastold
27.(2008安徽)Whenyouleavetheroom,makesurethedoor.
A.waslockedB.islockedC.willbelockedD.shouldbelocked
28.(2008湖北黄冈)—Doyoubelievetherearealiens?
—I’mafraidnot.Idon’tthinkaliensinspace.
A.canfindB.canbefoundC.canbefoundedD.can’tbefound
29.(2008辽宁)——IwanttobeaChineseteacherwhenIgrowup.
—That’sgreat.ChineseteacherinChinaandsomeforeigncountries.
A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed
30.(2008江苏徐州)Don’tworry.Youplentyoftimetodecide.
A.willgiveB.havegivenC.willbegivenD.aregiving
31.(2007浙江杭州)AsChinagrowsstrongerandstronger,Chineseinmoreandmoreschoolsoutofourcountry.
A.teachesB.istaughtC.hastaughtD.wastaught
32.(2007黑龙江哈尔滨)—Ourenvironmentisgettingworsethanbefore.
—You’reright.ButthankstoEarthDay,peoplehavedonemoreandmoreusefulthingstoprotect(保护)theearthsinceEarthDay.
A.isstartedB.wasstartedC.hasstarted
33.(2007山东济南)Theyoungmanwasoftenseenbythelake.
A.todrawB.todrawingC.drawD.drew
第二部分
1.(2011广东深圳)—Mum,canIgotothezoowithLinda?
—Whenyourhomework,youcan.
A.isfinishedB.wasfinished
C.finishesD.finished
2.(2011江苏徐州)—LotsoftreesandflowersonbothsidesofHuanshanRoadlastyear.
—Oh,that’sbeautiful.
A.areplantedB.wereplanting
C.wereplantedD.haveplanted
3.(2011重庆)Ittodriveafterdrinkingwine.
A.isallowedB.isnotallowed
C.ismadeD.iswelcomed
4.(2011吉林)—Excuseme,canwebringthedogtothetheatrewithus?
—Sorry,petstoenter.
A.areallowedB.areasked
C.aren’tallowedD.aren’tasked
5.(2011江西)—Canyoutellmehowtomakeapplejuice?
—Sure.Pleasewatchcarefullyandyouwillseehowit.
A.ismadeB.ismakingC.makesD.willmake
6.(2011江苏)Tom,youshouldn’tputofftoday’sworkfortomorrow.Imean,today’sworktoday.
A.maydoneB.mustdoneC.maybedoneD.mustbedone
7.(2010湖南)Theschooldanceisbythestudents.
A.writtenB.plannedC.writingD.plan
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