四级学习笔记Word格式.docx
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四级学习笔记Word格式.docx
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完全,简直;
清楚地
pottery:
陶器;
陶器厂[作坊];
<
集合词>
陶器类;
陶器制造(术)wrestle:
(与某人)搏斗;
(与…)摔跤;
斟酌
n.
摔跤;
斗争
测量:
measure;
survey;
gauge;
meter;
meterage
Rejection拒绝
Crowinto充满·
的空间
Initiatives主权,主动性
Proactivity积极性
Merely仅仅,只不过
Peak山峰最高点
Casual偶然的,非正式的
Jogger慢跑锻炼者
Invalid病弱的人,残疾者
Soared高飞
Profound深刻的,意义深远的
Investigated研究
Occasionally偶尔
Patent专利
Relate联系
Integrate使一体化,使完整
Presence仪表,风度
Reflect反映,考虑,反射
Maintain保持,维护
Contribute贡献出,投稿
Neglect=ignore忽视,不管
Distinguish辨别
Shelters居所,避难所
Household家庭,家属
Containers容器
Boundary分界线,边线
Region地区,管辖区,行政区
Brutal野蛮的
Harsh粗糙的,严厉的,严格的
Bulk体积,大量,大部分,主体
Halt停止,终止
Waistline腰围
Promoted促进,升级
Surge汹涌,波涛
Charge装载,使充电
Instruction授课,课程,指令
Illusion错觉
Retain保持,雇佣,
Fraction一小部分,分数
Succession继承权,系列
Immerse浸没,沉迷,陷入
Grasp抓住,控制
Intimate亲密的,暗示,通知
Convention会议,习俗,规矩
Spouse配偶,·
结婚
Withdraw取钱
Stock股份,存货
Track跟踪
Exact强求,要求,精确的
Hand传递,搀扶
Despite尽管,轻蔑,不承认
Consequently所以,因此,结果,推论
Surplus过剩,多余
Ceased停止,结束
Promote促进,提升
Fed联邦政府执法官员
Insignificant
Slaveaway辛苦·
Founder跌倒,破坏,创始者
Blame
Disposal处置,清理,废品的
Distinctive有特色的
Gainfully有利益的,有收获的
Legislation立法,制定法规
Prohibited禁止
Sensational轰动的,耸人听闻的
Enrolled使卷入
Perceived意识到,察觉,发觉,理解
Pervasive普遍的,遍布
Section部门
candidate报考者;
申请求职者;
攻读学位者;
最后命运或结局如何已显然可见者
这是四级改革后的匹配阅读题型(有空练练吧?
)
YoungWorkersPushEmployersforWiderWebAccess
A)RyanTracythoughthe’denteredtheDarkAgeswhenhegraduatedcollegeandarrivedintheworkingworld.HisemployerblockedaccesstoFacebook,GmailandotherpopularInternetsites.HehadnowirelessaccessforhislaptopandoftenrantoanearbycafeonworktimesohecoulduseitsWi-Ficonnectiontosendlargefiles.Sure,thebarriersdidwhathisemployerintended:
Theystoppedhimandhiscolleaguesfromusingworktimetomessaboutonline.ButTracysaystherulesalsogotinthewayofreasonableworkheneededtodoasascientificanalystforahealthcareservicescompany.
B)“Itwasaconstantbattlebetweenthepeoplethatsawtechnologyasanadvantage,andthosethatsawitasahindrance,”saysthe27-year-oldChicagoan,whonowworksforadifferentcompany.Hewassuretherehadtobeabetterway.It’sacommoncomplaintfromyoungpeoplewhojointheworkforcewiththeexpectationthattheirbosseswillembracetechnologyasmuchastheydo.Thensomediscoverthatsitesthey'
resupposedtoberesearchingforworkareblocked.Ortheycan’ttakealittledowntimetoreadanewsstoryonlineorchecktheirpersonale-mailorsocialnetworkingaccounts.Insomecases,theyendupusingtheirownInternet-enabledsmartphonestogettoblockedsites,eitherforworkorfun.
C)Sosomearewondering:
Couldcompaniestakeadifferentapproach,withoutcompromisingsecurityorworkplaceefficiencythatallowsatleastsomeoftheonlineaccessthatyoungeremployeesparticularlylongfor?
“It’snodifferentthanspendingtoomuchtimearoundthewatercoolerormakingtoomanypersonalphonecalls.Doyoutakethoseaway?
No,”saysGaryRudman,presidentofGTRConsulting,amarketresearchfirmthattracksthehabitsofyoungpeople.“Thesetwoworldswillcontinuetoconflictuntilthere'
samutualunderstandingthatperformance,notInternetusage,iswhatreallymatters.”
D)Thisis,afterall,agenerationofyoungpeopleknownforwhatUniversityofTorontosociologistBarryWellmancalls“mediamultiplexity(多重性).”Collegestudentshehasstudiedtellhimhowtheysleepwiththeirsmartphonesand,insomecases,considertheirelectronictoolstobelikeapartoftheirbodies.They’realsolesslikelytofitthetraditional9-to-5workmodeandarewillingtoputintimeafterhoursinexchangeforflexibility,includingonlinetime.So,Wellmanandothersargue,whynotembracethatworkingstylewhenpossible,ratherthanfightit?
E)Thereis,ofcourse,anothersideofthestoryfromemployerswhoworryabouteverythingfromwastedtimeontheInternettogivingawaysecretinformationandliabilityforwhattheiremployeesdoonline.Suchconcernshavetobetakenespeciallyseriouslyinsuchhighlyregulatedfieldsasfinanceandhealthcare,saysNancyFlynn,acorporateconsultantwhoheadstheOhio-basedePolicyInstitute.FromasurveyFlynndidthisyearwiththeAmericanManagementAssociation,shebelievesnearlyhalfofU.S.employershaveapolicybanningvisitstopersonalsocialnetworkingorvideosharingsitesduringworkhours.Manyalsobanpersonaltextmessagingduringworkingdays.FlynnnotesthattherisingpopularityofBlackBerrys,iPhonesandotherdeviceswithWebaccessandmessaginghavemadeitmuchmoredifficulttoenforcewhat’sbeingdoneonworktime,particularlyonanemployee’spersonalphone.Oroftenthestaffusesunapprovedsoftwareapplicationstogetaroundtheblocks.
F)Asaresult,moreemployersareexperimentingwithopeningaccess.That'
swhatJoeDwyerdecidedtodowhenhestartedChicago-basedBrillStreet&
Co.,ajobssiteforyoungprofessionals.Heletshisemployeesusesocialnetworkingandhasfoundthat,whiletheymightspendtimechattinguptheirfriends,sometimesthey’reaskingthosesamefriendsforadviceforaworkproblemorlookingforusefulcontacts.“Sowhatseemsunproductivecanbeveryproductive,”Dwyersays.KraftFoodsInc.recentlyopenedaccesstoeverythingfromYouTubetoFacebookandHotmail,withthewarningthatpersonalusebereasonableandneverinterferewithjobactivities.
G)Broadeningaccessdoes,ofcourse,meansomeemployeeswillcrosslinestheyaren'
tsupposedto.SapphireTechnologiesLP,aninformation-technologystaffingfirmbasedinMassachusetts,startedallowingemployeestousemostInternetsitestwoyearsago,becauserecruitersforthecompanyweregoingonFacebooktofindtalent.MartinPerry,thecompany’schiefinformationofficer,saysmanagersoccasionallyhavetogiveemployeesa“slaponthewrist”forwatchingsportsonstreamingvideoordownloadingmoviesoniTunes.Andhesaysoldermanagerssometimesraiseeyebrowsattheiryoungerpeers'
onlinejudgment.“Ifyousawsomeofthepicturesthatthey'
veuploaded,eventoourinternaldirectory,you'
dquestionthematurity,”Perrysays.It’sthepriceacompanyhastopay,hesays,forattractingtopyoungtalentthat’swillingtoworkatanyhour.“BanningtheInternetduringworkhourswouldbeshort-sightedonourpart,”Perrysays.
H)Butthatalsomeansmanycompaniesarestillfiguringouttheironlinepoliciesandhowtodealwiththeunclearlinesbetweenworkandpersonaltimeincludingsocialnetworking,evenwiththeboss.“Ithinkovertime,anopenembraceofthesetoolscanbecomelikeanawkwardembrace,”saysMaryMadden,aseniorresearchspecialistatthePewInternet&
AmericanLifeProject.“Itcangetverymessy.”Oneoptionisforcompaniestoallowaccesstocertainsitesbutlimitwhatemployeescandothere.Forinstance,PaloAltoNetworks,acomputersecuritycompany,recentlyhelpedafurnituremakeropenupsocialnetworkingforsomeemployees,butlimitedsuchoptionsasfile-sharing,largelysothatsensitiveinformationisn’ttransferred,evenaccidentally.“Wide-openInternetaccessistheriskyapproach,”saysChrisKing,PaloAltoNetworks’directorofproductmarketing.However,“fullyclosedisincreasinglyunsustainableforculturalreasonsandbusinessreasons.”
I)Flynn,attheePolicyInstitute,saysit’simportantthatemployershaveaclearonlinepolicyandthenexplainit.Shebelievesnotenoughemployershaveconductedformaltrainingonsuchmattersasonlineliabilityandconfidentiality(保密性).Meantime,heradvicetoanyemployeeisthis:
"
Don'
tstartblogging.Don'
tstartchatting.Don'
tevenstarte-mailinguntilyoureadthecompanypolicy."
46.Somehighlyregulatedfields,likefinanceandhealthcare,tendtotakeseriousconcernabouttheproblemofsecretinformationexposure.
47.Manyyoungpeoplewhojustjointheworkforceholdtheexpectationthatwebaccessisavailableforemployees.
48.Inspiteoftheproblemcaused,somestillthinkthatit'
sshort-sightedforthecompanytofullyclosetheInternetduringworkhours.
49.Kraft,FoodsInc.openedwebaccesstotheemployeesontheconditionthattheyusethewebwithoutinterferingwithwork.
50.Thegenerationof“mediamultiplexity”tendstoconsiderelectronictoolsasapartoftheirbody.
51.SomeemployersblockedaccesstoInternetbecausetheywantedtopreventemployeesfromusingworktimetomessaboutonline.
52.Itissuggestedthatemployeesshouldstartblogging,chattingore-mailingonlyaftertheyhaveaclearideaofthecompany'
sonlinepolicy.
53.GaryRudmanreckonsthattheconflictbetweenemployersandemployeesoverwebaccesswillfadeawayiftheimportanceofperformanceisprioritized.
54.Onepossibleonlinepolicyforthecompanyistoallowaccesstocertainwebsitesbutlimitthethingsemployeescandothere.
55.Duetothepopularityofsmartphoneswithwebaccess,itbecomesmoredifficulttoenforcewhatemployeesaredoingduringworktime.
(2)
Master'
sofYourOwnField
A)Inthefaceofafearsomejobmarketandhighgraduateunemploymentlevels,postgraduateeducationisbooming.Morethan270,000studentsreturnedtouniversitytoaddadashofpostgraduateflashtotheirCVsinthepreviousyear:
demandformaster'
sdegreessurged27%,whilethenumberofPhDcandidatesrose9%.Andthelatestresearchsuggeststhatthosecurrentlysweatingoverpostgraduatethesisproposalscansitbackandlookcontent.PostgraduateEducationintheUnitedKingdom,apaperpublishedbytheBritishLibraryandtheHigherEducationPolicyInstitute(Hepi),foundthat,threean
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