高考英语语法突破四大篇第三部分专题4数词讲义Word格式文档下载.docx
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高考英语语法突破四大篇第三部分专题4数词讲义Word格式文档下载.docx
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eight
eighteen
hundred
nine
nineteen
thousand
ten
twenty
million/billion
2.基数词构成歌诀
1至12逐个记,13至19teen结尾。
20至90整十位,ty结尾是后缀。
要是表示“几十几”,连字符十位连个位。
若要表示“几百几”,hundred之后and立。
若要用于复合形容词,连字符相连不加-s。
注意:
(1)hundred,thousand,million,billion等词前有基数词或several时,须用单数;
与of连用时,用复数,但其前面不能再加数词。
如:
sixhundredpeople hundredsofpeople
(2)dozen前有具体数词修饰时,用单数,of可省略;
当dozen后面接these,those,them,us等词时,须先接of,再接这些词,但dozen仍不加-s;
dozensof中的of不可省。
score用法和dozen相当,但of一般不省略。
severaldozenpencilsdozensofstudents
threedozenoftheseeggstwodozenofthem
twoscoreofeggsscoresofbooks
3.基数词的位置
常位于another,all之后,such,more之前,可置于last,next,other之前或之后。
anothertwodaysallthetenbooks
onemoreappletwosuchpens
hislasttwodays/histwolastdays
4.基数词的句法功能
(1)主语
Threewillbeenough.
(2)宾语
Thecityhasapopulationofthreemillion.
(3)表语
Thepopulationofthiscityisnearlytwomillion.
(4)同位语
Theytwowenttothecinema.
(5)定语
Theriverisabouteightmileslong.
序数词的构成及作用
1.常用序数词表
first
eleventh
thirtieth
second
twelfth
fortieth
third
thirteenth
fiftieth
fourth
fourteenth
sixtieth
fifth
fifteenth
seventieth
sixth
sixteenth
eightieth
seventh
seventeenth
ninetieth
eighth
eighteenth
hundredth
ninth
nineteenth
thousandth
tenth
twentieth
millionth/billionth
21以上的多位数词,只将末位数变为序数词,前面的其他位数仍用基数词。
21st→twenty-first;
22nd→twenty-second;
33rd→thirty-third;
100th→onehundredth
2.序数词的句法功能
(1)定语
thefirstdayoftheweek
myfirstvisittoBeijing
(2)表语
Youarethefirsttoleave.
(3)主语
Thesecondwasevenworse.
Tom,thefirst,ishere.
(5)宾语
Doyoupreferthefirstorthesecond?
①序数词前一般要加定冠词the或形容词性物主代词。
Thisisthefirstone.
ThisishersecondvisittoJapan.
②序数词前有时可用不定冠词a,此时不强调顺序。
“a+序数词”相当于another,表示“又一个,再一个”。
You’dbettertryathirdtime.
数词的应用
1.用于构成分数、百分数、小数
onethird
twothirds/two-thirds
two-fifthsofthestudents
thirtypercentofthewater
sixpointfour
表示几分之几(或百分之几)的人或物时,须在分数(或百分数)和人或物之间加of。
若充当主语,谓语动词的数应与of后面的名词的数保持一致。
Seventypercentofherincomewasspentonclothes.
2.倍数表达法
(1)A+谓语+倍数+as+原级+as+B
Thebagistwiceasbigasthatone.
(2)A+谓语+倍数+asmany/much+名词+as+B
Ihavetwiceasmanybooksashe(does).
(3)A+谓语+倍数+比较级+than+B
Thisclassroomisthreetimesbiggerthanours.
(4)A+谓语+倍数+thesize(width/length/height/depth等)+of+B
Yourpieceofbreadisthreetimesthesizeofmine.
表达倍数时,常用half表示“一半”,用double或twice表示“两倍”,用基数词+times表示三或三倍以上。
3.日期的表达
(1)某年:
in+数字
in2018
(2)某月:
in+月份
inMay
(3)某年某月:
in+月+年
inMay2018
(4)某年某月某日:
on+月+日/on+日+月,+年
onMay1(st)/1(st)May,2018
4.时刻的表达
twenty-onepast/aftereight或eighttwenty-one
fourto/ofnine或eightfifty-six
halfpasteight或eightthirty
aquarterto/often或nineforty-five
5.年代的表达
theearly1920s/1920’s
theearlytwenties
themid-eighties
6.其他特殊表达
(1)表示“每一段时间”或“每隔……”
everythreedays/everyfourthday
everyotherday
everyfewdays
(2)表示年龄
inone’steens
inone’stwenties
attheageof17
Heistwentyyearsold.
Heisamanoftwenty.
Heisatwenty-year-oldman.
(3)用于习语中
oneatatime onebyone tenoutoften
1.数词的拼写错误
fourty(误)→forty(正)
ninty(误)→ninety(正)
nineth(误)→ninth(正)
twentith(误)→twentieth(正)
twentieth-first(误)→twenty-first(正)
threefifth(误)→threefifths(正)
the2thofFebruary(误)→the2ndofFebruary(正)
OneThousandOneNights(误)→OneThousandandOneNights(正)
2.特殊表达中的错误
everyotherdays(误)→everyotherday(正)
inhistens(误)→inhisteens(正)
severaldozensofthem(误)→severaldozenofthem(正)
moretwodays(误)→twomoredays/anothertwodays(正)
You’dbettertrythethirdtime.(误)→You’dbettertryathirdtime.(正)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Actually,thislatestchildren’sversion,belongingtoaprogramtitledXiaoXigu(literally,youngartists),isinhonorofthethirtieth(thirty)anniversaryofthe1987work,praisedasthemostclassic.(2018·
安徽皖北协作区高三联考)
解析 “the+序数词”表示特指“第几个”,故填thirtieth。
2.Iamstillthankfultomyuncleforteachingmetorideabikeonmyninth(nine)birthday.
(2017·
东北师范大学附中模拟)
解析 句意为:
我依旧感谢叔叔在我九岁生日(第九个生日)时教我学会骑自行车。
3.Hemissedthegoldinthehighjump,butwillget
a
secondchanceinthelongjump.
(2012·
大纲全国Ⅱ)
解析 在序数词前用a,则表示“再次,还有”之意。
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1.Iammorethanhappytoknowyougotfirstprizeinthespeechcontest.
(2018·
湖南张家界三模)
解析 thefirstprize为固定用法,意为“第一名,一等奖”,而且英语中表示顺序的序数词前一般用the来表示顺序。
所以句中的afirstprize中的a要改为the。
2.Duringthedays,aseriesofEnglishactivitieswereorganized.(2018·
云南师大附中模拟)
解析 during后接时间段,此处表示六天,故用基数词。
如果表达在第六天,则说onthesixthday。
3.Inthesummerholidayfollowingmybirthday,Itookdrivinglessons.(2017·
全国Ⅰ)
解析 表达多少岁生日用序数词,因此eighteen应该改为eighteenth。
4.Istillrememberhowhardfirstdaywas.(2017·
我仍然记得第一天有多艰难。
表示第几天,序数词前要加定冠词the或者用限定词进行修饰。
5.It’sabigcitywithapopulationofabout7.(2017·
河南毕业班高考适应性练习)
解析 million前有基数词7,须用单数。
6.Iwanttohaveapenfriend,hopefullyagirlinearlytwenties,andwithinterestssimilartomine.(2017·
河南六市联考)
解析 表示不确定的年龄,用inone’s+逢十的基数词的复数形式。
1.Thereis(be)onedeskandthreechairsintheroom.
2.—What’sthedatetoday?
—It’sthefourth(four)ofJuly.
3.Therearebusestothestationeverytwentieth(twenty)minute.
4.Shewasthefirstwomanto
win(win)thegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.
5.Inordertofindabetterjob,hedecidedtostudyasecondforeignlanguage.
1.Twohundreddollarsnotlargeforus,andit’seasyforustogainintwodays.
2.Everyyear,ofpeoplediefromillnesscausedbysmoking.
3.IhavealreadygottwolettersfromSusanthisyear,andthisisthirdone.
4.WearetoldthatProfessorChenlivesonthefloorofthisbuilding.
5.Two-fifthsoftheondisplayarenewitems.
Ⅲ.数词填空(数词专练)
Thereare1.fourseasonsinayear:
spring,summer,autumnandwinter.Ayearcanalsobedividedinto2.twelvemonths.Eachmonthisdividedinto3.threeperiods:
thefirst,themiddleandthelastten-dayperiod.Mother’sDayfallsonthe4.secondSundayofMaywhileFather’sDayonthe5.thirdSundayofJuneeveryyear.The6.twelfthmonthoftheyearisDecember.Thereare7.fifty-twocompleteweeksplusanextraday,or8.twoinayearbecausethereare9.three
hundred
and
sixty-fivedaysinacommonyearbut10.three
sixty-sixdaysinaleapyear.
(一)
1.Wecanrelaxourselves(we)whilereadingherblog.
2.Thatyoungmanishonest,cooperative,alwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.Inshort,he’sreliable.
3.Asuccessfullearnerisanindependentone,whohasbothadeterminedwillandamazingpatience.
4.TheyareheadingforFloridafortheir(they)honeymoonandplantoframethetreasuredpictureassoonastheygetback.
5.ThedictionaryiswhatIwant,butIdon’thaveenoughmoneywithme.
6.Shedidnothesitateforlong;
althoughherfathersmokedapipeonlyonceinawhile,sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwasboundtopleasehim(he).
7.Intheend,theyoungmenfoundthatworkinghardistrulyatreasureinitself.
8.Thequalityofeducationinthissmallschoolisbetterthanthatinsomelargerschools.
9.Thisregionishometomanyspeciesofwildflowers.
10.SheapologizedforthemistakeandgaveusaspareVIProomonthetopfloor.
11.Atthebadnews,thewomanputherhandsoverhereyesandcriedout.
12.Ifyoukeeponwriting,youwillhaveabrighterfuture,likelytobecomeaJ.K.Rowling.
13.Ihateitwhensomeonemakesamessofmylearningmaterialsonmydesk.
14.Awoman,sittingnexttotheboy,discoveredhewasonaschooltripandwastoldtomeethisteacheratthebusstop.
15.Weusedtomistakethatheavyobjectsfellfasterthanlightones.
(二)
16.Theproblemshouldbehandledverycarefullytobalancetheneedsofpeoplewiththoseofnature.
17.Hesaiditwasnotnicetoeatmeatwithone’sfingersbecausetheywerenotalwaysclean.
18.Thedriverwasatalosswhenwordcamethathewasforbiddentodriveforspeeding.
19.Heknewverywellthehareranahundredtimesfasterthanhehimself(him)did.
20.JohnnyCarsonbeganhiscareerintelevisioninhistwenties(twenty).
21.Whetherit’syourbirthdayorafriendorfamilymember’s,decoratingyourhomecanbeasenjoyableasthepartyitself(it).
22.Freshair,sunlightandenoughphysicalexerciseareneededforahealthybody.
23.Soifyouhavenotpreparedenough,havingsomeindooramusementsisalsoagoodchoice,whichmaybemuchcheaperandeasiertocarryout.
24.“Nevermind,”Isaid.“Atleastyou’llknowwhenyourtrain’slate,mine(I)willbe,too.”
25.Myfatherisstoutandstrong,withaseverelookonhisfaceandkeenexpressiveeyes.
1.AnaccidenthappeningarainySundayafternoonchangedmyattitude.
2.Ithinkitgoodhabitthatinoursparetimewereadmorebooksofgreatuse.
3.Yesterday,oneofmyfavoritestampswaslost,whichmademereallyupset.Ilookedforiteverywhereandaskedeverybodyintheroom,butstillIcouldn’tfind.
4.Toimprovemygrades,Ipaidmoreattentiontheteachers’talkinginclass.
5.ThreeyearsagoIfailedanimportantexaminmylifeandbecameastudentinordinaryschool.
6.Itispossiblethatsomeofmayhaveabrotherorsister.
7.ClassestaughtinEnglishprovidestudentsabetterlanguageenvironment.
8.Forthesakeofoursafetyandtheothers’safety,weshouldobeythetrafficrules.
9.AsIwaswaitingmyordertocome,Inoticedanoldmaninawheelchairrollhimselfovertoatable.
10.I’vebeenverybusyrecently,forI’vebeenpreparingforcomingexam,whichisvitalformeandmyfuturelife.
11.I’vealwaysbeendreamingofhavinganopportunitytotravelinEnglish-sp
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