人教版英语必修四新素养同步讲义Unit 2 Working the land 1 Section Ⅰ含答案.docx
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人教版英语必修四新素养同步讲义Unit 2 Working the land 1 Section Ⅰ含答案.docx
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人教版英语必修四新素养同步讲义Unit2Workingtheland1SectionⅠ含答案
随着社会变迁和时代发展,农业会向哪个方向发展呢?
TheFutureofFarming,
Moreandmorepeoplearoundtheworldarelivinginurbanareas,andtheneedforhighqualityfreshfoodisrising.Atthesametime,newhomes,apartmentbuildings,shoppingcentersandroadsarereplacingfertilelandnearcities.Thatmakesgrowingcropsintallbuildingsaninterestingsolution.
InDallas,Texas,acompanycalledGreenHabitatHydroponics(GHH),sellsverticalfarmingsupplies(垂直农业用品).“Youcancontrolanythingandeverythingyouwanttowithhydroponics(theprocessofgrowingplantsinsand,smallstones,orwaterwithaddednutrientsbutnosoil),”KrisMaxwell,asalesemployeeatGHHsaid.“Forexample,certainplantsneedcertainnutrientsandpHlevels.Butdon’tworry.Youcanchangethehydroponicsolution(溶液)byaddingortakingawaynutrients,orbychangingthepHlevel,orevenbycontrollingtheamountofawaterinsolution,sothatplantsgetallthenutrientsandwaterrequirementstheyneed.Thereareevendifferentsolutionsforcertainstagesintheplant’sgrowth.”
Inthisindoorenvironment,LEDlights,whichareenvironmentallyfriendly,taketheplaceofthesun.Heaters,coolers,andspecialmachinescontrolthetemperatureandhumidity(湿度).Upto300plantscangrowinonecontainerunit.
GHHalsosellsaeroponicsystems.Withthissystem,plantsareplacedinhugecontainerswhereonlytherootsareputinasolution.Nutrientrichwastesfromfish,forexample,arefiltered(过滤)andsentthroughthesystem.
“Thegoodthingaboutthismethodisthatnofertilizershavetobeusedbecausethefishproduceallofthenecessarynutrients,”Maxwellsaid.“Anotheradvantageofverticalfarmingisthatnoinsectsorotherpestswilldamageyourcrops.”
Whatdoyouthink?
Doesverticalfarminghaveabrightfuture?
SectionⅠ WarmingUp&Reading—Comprehending
重点单词
写作词汇
1.strugglevi.&n.斗争;拼搏;努力
2.decaden.十年;十年期
3.expandvt.&vi.使变大;伸展
4.ridvt.摆脱;除去
5.thereforeadv.因此;所以;因而
6.cropn.庄稼;农作物;产量
拓展词汇
7.hungern.饥饿;欲望vt.&vi.(使)饥饿→hungryadj.饥饿的
8.disturbingadj.引起烦恼的;令人不安的→disturbedadj.扰乱的;精神失常的→disturbvt.扰乱;打扰
9.freedomn.自由;自主→freeadj.自由的;免费的→freelyadv.自由地;随意地
10.equipvt.&vi.配备;装备→equipmentn.设备(不可数)
11.exportvt.&vi.输出;出口→importvt.&vi.(反义词)输入;进口
12.personalityn.性格;个性;人格→personaladj.个人的;身体的;亲自的→personallyadv.亲自地;当面;个别地;就自己而言
阅读词汇
13.statisticn.数据;统计;统计数字;
统计资料
14.sunburntadj.晒黑的
15.superadj.特级的;超级的
16.outputn.产量;输出
17.circulatevt.&vi.循环;流传
18.grainn.谷物;粮食;颗粒
19.peanutn.花生
20.occupationn.工作;职业;占领
重点短语
1.thanks__to幸亏;由于;因为
2.rid...of使……摆脱或除去
3.be__satisfied__with对……感到满意
4.care__about关心;在乎
5.would__rather宁愿;宁可
6.make__a__difference有关系;有影响
重点句型
1.ifso省略句式:
If__so(如果这样),whatdidyoudotogrowthem?
2.what引导名词性从句:
YuanLongpinggrowswhat__is__called(被称为……)superhybridrice.
3.makeit+形容词+动词不定式:
Thisspecialstrainofricemakes__it__possible__to(使……成为可能)produce20%moreofthecropinthesamefields.
4.倍数表达法:
Usinghishybridrice,farmersareproducingharveststwice__as__large__as__before(以前的两倍大).
Fastreading
Skimthetextanddothefollowingexercises.
1.What’sthemainideaofthetext?
A.Waystoincreasethericeoutput.
B.YuanLongping’sdreams.
C.YuanLongping’ssuperhybridrice.
D.YuanLongping—anagriculturalpioneer.
【答案】D
2.Matchthemainideaofeachparagraph.
Para.1 A.YuanLongping’sbrieflifeexperiences.
Para.2B.YuanLongping’sdreams.
Para.3C.YuanLongping’sattitudestowardlife.
Para.4D.YuanLongping’sachievementsintheimprovementsonriceproduction.
【答案】DACB
Carefulreading
Readthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.
1.WhydidYuanLongpingwanttodevelopanewspeciesofriceinthe1950s?
A.Becausehewantedtowinanaward.
B.Becausehewantedtocatchothers’eye.
C.BecausehungerwasadisturbingprobleminChina.
D.Becausehishometownsufferedfromdrought.
2.HowlongdidittakeYuanLongpingtodevelophissuperhybridrice?
A.12years. B.14years.
C.20years.D.25years.
3.YuanLongping’shobbiesincludethefollowingEXCEPT________.
A.listeningtoviolinmusicB.playingmahjong
C.swimmingandreadingD.singing
4.WhatdoesYuanLongpingthinkofbeingfamous?
A.Itgiveshimachancetoknowmoreimportantpeople.
B.Itmakeshimhavemoremoneytobuywhathewants.
C.Itgiveshimachancetotakeupmorehobbies.
D.Itmakeshimhavelessfreedomtodohisresearch.
【答案】1-4.CCDD
Studyreading
Analyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.
1.Morethan800millionpeoplegotobedhungryeveryday.
此句为简单句。
hungry为形容词,在句中作状语,表示伴随,描述主语people的状态。
[翻译] 每天有超过8亿人饿着肚子睡觉。
2.AlthoughheisoneofChina’smostfamousscientists,YuanLongpingconsidershimselfafarmer,forheworksthelandtodohisresearch.
此句为并列句。
第一个分句为主从复合句,含有Although引导的让步状语从句;并列连词for连接的第二个分句补充说明原因,todohisresearch为目的状语。
[翻译] 虽然他是中国最著名的科学家之一,袁隆平却认为自己是个农民,因为他耕种土地来进行研究。
3.Indeed,hissunburntfaceandarmsandhisslim,strongbodyarejustlikethoseofmillionsofChinesefarmers,forwhomhehasstruggledforthepastfivedecades.
此句为主从复合句,forwhom为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰Chinesefarmers。
[翻译] 的确,他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂,以及他那瘦削而又结实的身躯,就跟其他千百万中国农民一样,过去50年来,他一直在努力帮助他们。
4.In1973,hebecamethefirstagriculturalpioneerintheworldtogrowricethathasahighoutput.
此句为主从复合句。
句中含有that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词rice,且that在从句中充当主语。
主句中表语中心词pioneer由序数词修饰,后面的不定式作后置定语。
[翻译] 1973年,他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。
①pioneern.开拓者;先锋,先驱
②considerv.认为,以为;仔细考虑
③worktheland耕种土地
work在此处意为“管理,经营”,是及物动词。
④indeedadv.其实,实际上
⑤sunburnt['sʌnbɜːnt]adj.晒黑的
⑥struggle['strʌɡl]vi.&n.斗争;拼搏;努力
⑦decade['dekeId]n.十年;十年期
⑧super['sjuːpə]adj.特级的;超级的
⑨hybrid['haIbrId]adj.混合的;杂种的 n.杂交种;混血儿
⑩output['aʊtpʊt]n.产量;输出(反义词:
input)
⑪strain[streIn]n.(植物的)品种;种类
⑫crop[krɒp]n.庄稼;农作物;产量
⑬hunger['hʌŋɡə]n.饥饿;欲望vt.&vi.(使)饥饿
⑭disturbing[dI'stɜːbIŋ]adj.引起烦恼的;令人不安的
⑮expand[Ik'spænd]
vt.&vi.使变大;伸展
⑯circulate['səːkjʊleIt]
vt.&vi.循环;流传
⑰lessdevelopedcountries欠发达国家
⑱thanksto幸亏;由于;因为
⑲tooln.方法;工具
⑳battle['bætl]n.战役;战斗;较量;斗争
vt.&vi.搏斗;奋斗
rid...of使……摆脱或除去
rid[rId]vt.摆脱;除去
besatisfiedwith(=becontent/pleasedwith)
对……感到满意
careabout在意
freedom['friːdəm]n.自由;自主
wouldrather宁愿;宁可
keeptimeforsth.为某事留出时间
ratherthan而不是
therefore['ðeəfɔː]adv.
因此;所以;因而
equip[I'kwIp]vt.&vi.配备;装备
sorghum['sɔːɡəm]n.高粱
earofrice稻穗
earofcorn玉米穗
grain[ɡreIn]n.谷物;粮食;颗粒
peanut['piːnʌt]n.花生
withthehopeof带着某种希望
export[Ik'spɔːt]vt.&vi.
输出;出口
carefor关心;喜欢;照顾
【核心素养链接】
联合国(UnitedNations,简称UN)成立于1945年10月,是第二次世界大战结束之后一个由主权国家组成的国际组织。
联合国致力于促进各国在国际法、国际安全、经济发展、社会进步、人权及实现世界和平方面的合作。
联合国在维护世界和平、缓和国际紧张局势以及解决地区冲突方面发挥着相当积极的作用。
APIONEER①FORALLPEOPLE
AlthoughheisoneofChina’smostfamousscientists,YuanLongpingconsiders②himselfafarmer,forheworkstheland③todohisresearch.Indeed④,hissunburnt⑤faceandarmsandhisslim,strongbodyarejustlikethoseofmillionsofChinesefarmers,forwhomhehasstruggled⑥forthepastfivedecades⑦.YuanLongpinggrowswhatiscalledsuper⑧hybrid⑨rice.In1973,hebecamethefirstagriculturalpioneerintheworldtogrowricethathasahighoutput⑩.Thisspecialstrain⑪ofricemakesitpossibletoproduce20%moreofthecrop⑫inthesamefields.Nowmorethan60%ofthericeproducedinChinaeachyearisfromthishybridstrain.
◆forwhomhehasstruggled为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,相当于whomhehasstruggledfor。
◆whatiscalledsuperhybridrice是what引导的宾语从句,what在从句中作主语。
◆动词不定式togrowrice作后置定语,修饰thefirstagriculturalpioneer。
当名词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,用动词不定式作定语。
that引导定语从句,修饰先行词rice,且that在从句中作主语,不能省略。
◆本句中it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是toproduce20%moreofthecropinthesamefields。
◆过去分词短语producedinChina作后置定语,修饰rice。
Bornin1930,YuanLongpinggraduatedfromSouthwestAgriculturalCollegein1953.Sincethen,findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.Asayoungman,hesawthegreatneedforincreasingthericeoutput.Atthattime,hunger⑬wasadisturbing⑭probleminmanypartsofthecountryside.YuanLongpingsearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpanding⑮theareaofthefields.In1950,Chinesefarmerscouldproduceaboutfiftysixmilliontonsofrice.Inarecentharvest,however,nearlytwohundredmilliontonsofricewasproduced.Theseincreasedharvestsmeanthat22%oftheworld’speoplearefedfromjust7%ofthefarmlandintheworld.YuanLongpingisnowcirculating⑯hisknowledgeinIndia,Vietnamandmanyotherlessdevelopedcountries⑰toincreasetheirriceharvests.Thanksto⑱hisresearch,theUNhasmoretools⑲inthebattle⑳toridtheworldof
hunger.Usinghishybridrice,farmersareproducingharveststwiceaslargeasbefore.
◆动词ing短语findingwaystogrowmorerice在句中作主语,动词不定式短语togrowmorerice作定语,修饰ways。
◆过去分词increased作定语,修饰harvests。
◆现在分词短语Usinghishybridrice作状语。
◆twiceaslargeas...……的两倍大,属于“倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as”的倍数表达法。
YuanLongpingisquitesatisfiedwith
hislife.However,hedoesn’tcareabout
beingfamous.Hefeelsitgiveshimlessfreedom
todohisresearch.Hewouldmuchrather
keeptimefor
hishobbies.Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic,playingmahjong,swimmingandreading.Spendingmoneyonhimselforleadingacomfortablelifealsomeansverylittletohim.Indeed,hebelievesthatapersonwithtoomuchmoneyhasmoreratherthan
fewertroubles.Hetherefore
givesmillionsofyuantoequip
othersfortheirresearchinagriculture.
◆动词ing短语Spendingmoney...life在句中作主语,谓语动词mean用第三人称单数形式。
Justdreamingforthings,however,costsnothing.LongagoYuanLongpinghadadreamaboutriceplantsastallassorghum
.Eachearofrice
wasasbigasanearofcornandeachgrain
ofricewasashugeasapeanut
.Heawokefromhisdreamwiththehopeof
producingakindofricethat
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