版英语全国必修5同步导学笔记文档Unit 1 P.docx
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版英语全国必修5同步导学笔记文档Unit 1 P.docx
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版英语全国必修5同步导学笔记文档Unit1P
AlbertEinsteinwasborninUlm,Germanyin1879.Whenhewasaboy,helikedtoaskquestions.Bythetimehewasfourteenyearsold,hehadlearnedadvancedmathematicsallbyhimself.Hewantedtobeaphysicistanddevotehimselftoabstract(抽象的)research.
However,hisfamilycouldnotpayfortheadvancededucationthatyoungAlbertneeded.Buthisparentsdidmanagetosendhimtoatechnicalschool.Aftergraduation,hewenttowork.Withthepaythathereceived,hewaslaterabletogoonwithhiseducationattheUniversityofZurich,wherehereceivedadoctor’sdegreein1905.Thiswastheperiodwhenhefirstbegantheresearchandstudieswhichledtohisfamous“TheoryofRelativity”.
Einsteincaredlittleformoney.Heoncerefusedtospeakontheradiofor
1,000aminute.Anothertimehewasseenusingacheckfor
1,500asabookmark.Thenhelostthebook!
Besideshisworkinphysics,hespentmuchtimeworkingforhumanrightsandprogress.
Likemanyscientists,Einsteinlovedmusic;heplayedtheviolinfairlywell.InPrinceton,helivedquietly,workingattheinstituteandenjoyinghimselfbyplayinghisviolininhissimplehome.Oftentherewerevisitorslikethetwelve-year-oldgirlwho,foratime,formedthehabitofvisitinghimonherwayhomefromschool.Aftersometime,thepuzzledmotherofthegirlmetDr.Einsteinandaskedhimwhatheandherdaughtertalkedabout.Thedoctorsmiledandexplained,“Oh,shebringsmecookies,andIdoherarithmetic(算术)homeworkforher.”
SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanofgreatachievements.
阅读短文,判断正(T)误(F)
1.WhenAlbertEinsteinwasveryyoung,hisfamilywasveryrich.( F )
2.Einsteinlikedmusicandoftenenjoyedhimselfbyplayingtheviolin.( T )
PeriodOne WarmingUp,Pre-reading&Reading
Ⅰ.重点单词
1.concludevt.&vi.结束;推断出
conclusionn.结论;结束
2.defeatvt.打败;战胜;使受挫;n.失败
3.attendvt.照顾;护理;出席;参加
4.exposevt.暴露;揭露;使曝光
5.curen.治愈;痊愈;vt.治愈;治疗
6.challengen.挑战;vt.向……挑战
7.absorbvt.吸收;吸引;使专心
8.suspectvt.认为;怀疑;n.被怀疑者;嫌疑犯
9.foreseevt.预见;预知
10.blamevt.责备;谴责;n.过失;责备
11.pollutevt.污染;弄脏
12.handlen.柄;把手;vt.处理;操纵
13.linkvt.&n.连接;联系
14.announcevt.宣布;通告
announcementn.宣布;通告
15.instructvt.命令;指示;教导
instructionn.命令;指示
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.putforward提出
2.drawaconclusion得出结论
3.expose...to...使显露;暴露
4.link...to...将……和……联系或连接起来
Ⅲ.重点句式
1.过去分词作后置定语
Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposed(expose)tocholera.
但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓,他就感到很振奋。
2.everytime引导时间状语从句
Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.
所以每次暴发(霍乱)时,都有大批惊恐的百姓病死。
3.have+宾语+过去分词作宾补
Awoman,whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdelivered(deliver)toherhouseeveryday.
有一位妇人是从宽街搬过来的,她特别喜欢那里的水,每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来。
4.不定式作目的状语
Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.为防止这种情况再度发生,约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。
Ⅰ.根据课文内容排序
( 2 )JohnSnowbegantotesttwotheories.
( 1 )AnoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854.
( 4 )JohnSnowmarkedthedeathsonamap.
( 7 )Heannouncedthatthewatercarriedthedisease.
( 3 )JohnSnowinvestigatedtwostreetswheretheoutbreakwasverysevere.
( 8 )KingCholerawasdefeated.
( 5 )Hefoundthatmostofthedeathswerenearawaterpump.
( 6 )Hehadthehandleremovedfromthewaterpump.
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat.
A.thecauseofcholerawaspollutedwater
B.JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon
C.thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexamined
D.JohnSnowdidsomeresearchandhelpedtosolve“KingCholera”
答案 D
2.WhatwasthekeytohelpforJohnSnow’sdiscovery?
A.Thegovernment.
B.ThewomanwhohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet.
C.Thewatercompany.
D.Themapmadebyhimself.
答案 D
3.Atlast,“KingCholera”wascontrolledby.
A.usingmedicinesinhospital
B.drivingpatientsoutofthecountry
C.dealingwiththepollutedwater
D.gettingridofallkindsofpollution
答案 C
4.HowmanypeoplediedperdayonaverageintwostreetswhereJohnSnowgatheredinformation?
A.Over500.B.Over100.
C.Over50.D.Over25.
答案 C
5.WhatconclusiondidJohnSnowdrawaccordingtotheevidence?
A.Choleramultipliedinthewater.
B.Pollutedwatercarriedthevirus.
C.Acloudofdangerousgascausedcholera.
D.Choleracouldneverbecontrolledeventhoughitscausewasfound.
答案 B
Ⅲ.课文难句分析
1.Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.
[句式分析] 该句为复合句。
Hebecameinterestedintwotheories是主句;that引导定语从句,修饰先行词theories;how引导的从句作explained的宾语。
[自主翻译] 他对霍乱致人死地的两种推测很感兴趣。
2.Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.
[句式分析] 该句为复合句。
Thesecondsuggested是主句;suggest作“暗示,表明”讲,其后所跟的宾语从句用陈述语气。
[自主翻译] 第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。
重点词汇
1.Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?
谁提出了关于黑洞的理论?
putforward提出;推荐;拨快;将……提前
putdown写下;放下;镇压
putoff推迟,延期
putout熄灭,扑灭;生产
putup张贴;搭起,建起;留某人过夜
(1)Canyouputherforwardasoursecretaryoftheclub?
你能推荐她当我们俱乐部的秘书吗?
(2)Theyhaveputforwardtheweddingbytwoweeks.
他们把婚礼提前了两周。
(3)Thesportsmeetinghasbeenputoffbecauseoftheheavyrain.运动会已经因为大雨而延期了。
(4)Tenminuteslater,thefirefightersarrivedandthebigfirewasputout.
十分钟后,消防队员赶到,大火被扑灭了。
[单句改错]
(5)Thetheory
或wasputforwardyesterdaysoundedinteresting.
2.Drawaconclusion得出结论
(1)conclusionn.结论;结束
reach/cometo/arriveat/drawaconclusion得出结论
inconclusion=toconclude总之,最后
makeaconclusion下结论
(2)concludev.结束;推断出,断定
conclude...from...从……中推断出……
conclude(fromsth.)that...(从某事中)推断出……;(从某事中)断定……
concludesth.with.../bydoing...以……结束……
(1)Withoutenoughevidence,wecan’tmakeaconclusion.没有充分的证据,我们不能下结论。
(2)Heconcluded/drewaconclusionthatthefilmWolfWarriorⅡwaswellworthseeing.
他得出结论:
电影《战狼2》很值得一看。
(3)Whatcanweconcludefromtheconversation?
我们能从这次谈话中得出什么结论?
(4)Heconcludedhisspeechwithafamoussaying.
他用一句著名的谚语结束了演讲。
[单句改错]
(5)Ina conclusion,theceremonyisagreatsuccess.
3.JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA”
约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”
defeatvt.打败,战胜;使受挫;使困惑;n.失败
sufferaseriousdefeat遭受严重的挫败
(1)Itwasthelastquestiononthepaperthatdefeatedmethatday.那天考卷上最后一道题把我难住了。
(2)Thegirlwasletdownbythisdefeat.
这次失败让这个女孩很是沮丧。
(3)Theplayerwasdefeated(defeat)inthegame,buthedidn’tloseheart.
这个运动员在比赛中被打败了,但是他没有气馁。
[易混辨析] defeat,beat,win
※defeat和beat后都接sb.作宾语。
在游戏和比赛中常用beat,侧重于比赛中击败对手;defeat既可以指比赛,又可以指战场上战胜对手。
※win后接比赛、辩论、战斗、奖品等名词,表示“荣获,赢得”。
[选词填空] defeat,beat,win
(4)Webeat/defeatedtheirteambytenpoints.
(5)TheyounggirlfromChinawontheraceatlast.
(6)Inthatbattle,oursoldiersdefeatedtheenemy.
4.JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛,因而成了维多利亚女王的私人医生。
attendvt.出席;参加;照顾;护理;伴随发生
attendameeting/alecture/school参加会议/听报告/上学
attendtosb./sth.照料……;处理……;招待……
(1)Later,whenHannahattendedschool,shesawanotherhomelessperson.后来,汉娜去上学时看到了另一个无家可归的人。
(2017·北京)
(2)Ihaveafeverattendingacough.=Ihaveafeverthatattendsacough.我发烧并伴有咳嗽。
(3)Ican’tgooutwithyoutonightbecauseIhaveanurgentthingtoattendto.今晚我不能和你一起出去,因为我有一件急事要处理。
[易混辨析] attend,join,joinin,takepartin
※attend用来表示“出席,参加(会议、讲座、婚礼等)正式场合”,也指去听报告。
※join表示参加某一团体,并作为其中一个成员,如:
入党、入团、参军和参加俱乐部等;如果后接人,则表示参加某人的活动。
※joinin后接活动,强调与他人一起参与某一活动。
※takepartin后接活动,尤指多人参加的群众性大型活动。
[选词填空] attend,join,joinin,takepartin
(4)Myfatherjoinedthelocalclubtwoyearsago.
(5)Whydidn’tyoujoininthetalklastnight?
(6)Wewilltakepartinsocialactivitiesduringthecomingvacation.
(7)Hewillattendanimportantmeetingtomorrow.
5.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.
但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓,他就感到很振奋。
exposevt.暴露;揭露;使曝光
expose...to...使显露;暴露
beexposedto暴露于;感染
(1)Themothertriestoexposeherchildrentosomegoodbooks.这位母亲尽量让孩子们多接触好书。
(2)ItellhimIwillexposehimtothepolice.
我告诉他我要到警察那里揭发他。
(3)Beingexposed(expose)tosunlightforlongwilldoharmtoone’sskin.
长时间暴露于太阳光照中会对一个人的皮肤有害。
[单句改错]
(4)Youshouldtrynottomakeyourchildren
toviolence.
[高级表达]
(5)Youngpeoplemayriskgoingdeafiftheyareexposedtoveryloudmusiceveryday.(改为省略句)
→Exposedtoveryloudmusiceveryday,youngpeoplemayriskgoingdeaf.
6.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.
人们既不知道它的病源,也不了解它的治疗方法。
curen.治愈;痊愈;治疗方法;对策;vt.治愈;治疗;纠正/去除弊端等
acurefor...……的治疗方法;治愈……的方法
curesb.ofsth.治愈某人的某种疾病;矫正/改正某人的不良行为
(1)Shehopesthedoctorcancurethepaininhershoulder.她希望医生能治好她肩上的疼痛。
(2)Thereisnoeffectivecureforcoldsexceptrest.
除了多休息没有有效的方法可以治疗感冒。
(3)Thedoctorwhocuredhimofhisillnesswasveryexperienced.治好他病的那位医生非常有经验。
[易混辨析] cure,treat
※cure意为“治愈”,侧重“治愈”的结果,可构成curesb.ofsth.结构;常指治疗疾病、痛苦或革除恶习、弊害等。
※treat意为“治疗”,强调“治疗”的动作,可构成treatsb.forsth.。
[单句改错]
(4)Canyoufindawaytocuretheboy
hisbadhabit?
(5)Theoldprofessortreatedtheboy
hiscancer.
7.Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.
第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。
absorbvt.吸收;吸引;使专心;理解,掌握;使并入,吞并
absorb...into...把……吸入……
absorb...from...从……吸收……
be/getabsorbedin专心致志于
(1)Ourgoodlearninghabitswillmakeusabsorbknowledgecompletely.我们良好的学习习惯会使我们把知识消化得更透彻。
(2)Idon’twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.
我不想太过专注于模特这一行业。
(2017·全国Ⅲ)
(3)Thisplantabsorbedwaterfromtheeartharoundit.这株植物从周围的土壤中吸收水分。
(4)Theboyabsorbedpollutedairintohislungs.
这个男孩把被污染的空气吸入了肺中。
[高级表达]
(5)Tomwassoabsorbedinhisworkthatheforgottoinformherofit.
→SoabsorbedwasTominhisworkthatheforgottoinformherofit.(含so...that...的倒装句)
→Soabsorbedinhiswork,Tomforgottoinformherofit.(用形容词短语作状语)
8.JohnSnowsuspectedthatthese
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