北京初三英语期末考试阅读CD篇汇编带答案主城区.docx
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北京初三英语期末考试阅读CD篇汇编带答案主城区.docx
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北京初三英语期末考试阅读CD篇汇编带答案主城区
2021初三英语上学期期末考试阅读理解CD篇汇编(北京城六区)
2021海淀期末
C
Self-controlisaskillthatchildrenneedtosucceedinschool,sociallyandemotionally.Thedevelopmentofself-controlbeginsatbirthandcontinuesthroughoutourlives.Asbabies,wehavelittleornocontroloverourbehaviorsandemotions,butaswegetolder,withthehelpofparentsorcaregivers,welearnhowtotaketurns,howtopayattentioninclass,sticktoachallengingtask,andrestrain(制止)fromhittinganotherchild.Theseabilitiescontinuetodevelopinourchildhoodandthenyouthbood.Also,itisclearthatbeingimpulsive(易冲动的)canhavebadeffectsonchildren,causinginterpersonalproblems,poorphysicalhealth,andpsychiatricdisorders.
Therefore,bylearningself-control,childrencanmakerightdecisionsandrespondtosituationsinpositiveways.Oneoftheeffectivestrategies,whenhelpingchildrendevelopself-controlabilities,istoselectdevelopmentallypropertasks.Trysettingupsimplegoalsfirst,wheresuccessisexpected,beforemovingontothenextgoal.Forpreschoolers,goalsmightincludenotinterruptingornotfightingontheplayground.Forearlyelementaryschoolstudents,rightgoalsmightbefollowingbedtimerules.
However,it’snotenoughtosetupsimplegoals,becauseforchildrenofthesameage,therearestillsomedifferencesinthedevelopmentofself-controlabilities.Somegeneralstrategiesoftenhelpthemlearnrightself-controlbehaviors.
●Takeabreak
Encouragechildrentotakeabreakor“timein”whenevertheyfeeldown,annoyedorangry.Steppingawayfromanupsettingsituationcanhelpachildcalmdown.
●Teachandprovideattention
Payingattentionisaskillthatcanbetaught.Encouragechildrentoresistinterruptingbylearningtoobserveotherswithouttalking,sotheycanjoinineasily.Makesuretoprovidechildrenwithattentionattimessotheydon’tfeelignoredandthereforeareunlikelytointerrupt.
●Useproperrewards(奖励)
Inordertodeveloppositivebehaviors,childrenneedfrequentlypositivefeedback.Praiseandconsistentfeedbackcanbehighlyrewardingforyoungchildren.Itisimportanttoletachildknowwhatadesiredbehavioris.
●Useactivitiesdesignedtoteachself-regulation(自我管理)
Usingspecificactivitiescanhelpteachyoungchildrenskillsthatimproveself-control.Someoftheseskillsincludedealingwith“wantingsomethingIcan’thave”,understandingfeelings,andcontrollinganger.
47.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?
A.Aspeoplegetolder,theirattentionwillimprovenaturally.
B.Beingimpulsivecanoftencausebadresultsinchildren’sgrades.
C.Childrencanlearnhowtocontrolthemselveswiththehelpofparents.
D.Self-controldevelopmentbeginsatbirthandkeepsgrowingtillyouthbood.
48.Whatcanteachersdowhenstudentsfeelverydisappointed?
A.Teachandprovideattention.B.Giverewardsandsuggestions.
C.Teachskillstoregulatethemselves.D.Encouragethemtotakeabreak.
49.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.TimeWaitsforNoMan—TheDevelopmentofSelf-Control
B.HavePoweroverYourMind—TipsonDevelopingSelf-Control
C.PreventionIsBetterthanCure—RulesofSelf-ControlBehaviors
D.ThinkTwiceBeforeYouAct—TheImportanceofSelf-ControlSkills
D
TechnologyProgress
OnJune22,1927,CharlesLindberghflewintoDayton,Ohio,fordinneratOrvilleWright’shouse.Ithadbeenjustamonthsincetheyoungpilot’sfirsteverindividualnonstopcrossingoftheAtlantic,andhefeltheoughttopayrespectstothepioneerofflight.
Forty-twoyearslater,onJuly16,1969,Apollo11astronautNeilArmstrongwasallowedtobringapersonalguesttotheKennedySpaceCentertoviewthelaunchofNASA’stoweringSaturnVrocket.Armstronginvitedhishero,CharlesLindbergh.That’showfasttechnologyadvancedinthe20thcentury.
However,progressisn’twhatitusedtobenow.NorthwesternUniversityeconomistRobertGordonarguesthatby1970,allthekeytechnologiesofmodernlifewereinplace:
electricity,highways,telecommunications,andthelike.Afterthat,innovation(创新)andeconomicgrowthsimplycouldn’tkeepgoingfastasthelast100years—aperiodGordoncalls“thespecialcentury”.Gordonarguesthelivesofpeopleindevelopednationslookandfeelthesamein2020astheydidin1979or1989.
Slopingdownisgoodinonesmallway,thoughbadinmostofthewaysthatcount.Rapidchangescansometimesbedisorienting(令人迷惑的).Andwhenthingsdevelopatalowerspeed,peopleandinstitutionsdohavemoretimetobreatheandfitin.Butslowingdownisn’twhatitshouldbe.Inmanyareasoftechnology,theforwardmovementtodayfeelstragicallyslow,evennonexistent.
Considerconsumerrobotics.There’shugepotentialforrobotstohelpus.Buthomeroboticscompaniesseemtokeepfolding.Forexample,socialrobotmakerJiboclosedinMarehafterraisingalmost$73million.
Ourcentury’sonesignaturetechnologyachievementissmartphones.Atthispoint,we’vehadtheminourpocketslongenoughtobegintoappreciatetheirdangers.Meanwhilethelistofpossiblyworld-changingtechnologiesthatgetpeople’sattentionbutstillremainintheoriginalstageisverylong.Self-drivingcars,ARglasses.NeedIcontinue?
Indeed,theseareallhardproblems.Buthistorically,solvingthebigproblemshasrequiredcontinuous,large-scaleinvestment(投资),oftenwithprivatemarketsandtaxpayerssharingthecost.Inthiscentury,weneedtoundosomebadresultsofthelastgreatboom(繁荣)bydevelopingaffordablezero—andnegative—emissionstechnologiesrightnow.That’sanotherhardproblem—andtosolveit,we’llneedtorethinkwhatmadethe“specialcentury”sospecial.
50.ThewritermentionsCharlesLindberghinParagraphs1and2toshowthat________.
A.Charleshadcontributedgreatlytotechnology
B.Charlespaidrespectstothepioneerofflight
C.technologydevelopedrapidlyinthe20thcentury
D.technologyhasadvancedtoahighernewlevel
51.Theunderlinedword“folding”inParagraph5probablymeans________.
A.shuttingB.separatingC.growingD.operating
52.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A.Someworld-changingtechnologiesarenotmakingprogress.
B.Homeroboticscompaniesfailedbecauseoflittleinvestment.
C.It’stimetorealizethedisadvantagesoffastdevelopmentnow.
D.Itdoesn’ttakeuslongbeforewerealizethedangersofsmartphones.
53.Thewriterprobablyagrees________.
A.marketsandtaxpayershaveadutytodeveloptechnologies
B.innovationandinvestmentareneededfortechnologyadvance
C.whatmadethelastcenturyspecialwillhappeninthenewcentury
D.rapidchangesintechnologyarebadinmostofthewaysthatcount
2021西城期末
C
Areyoutiredofmakingsomanydecisionseveryday?
Peoplemaybefacedwithupto35,000choicesandahugenumberofoptions(可选择的事物)perday.Whentiredofdecisionmaking,peoplemaydependonfate(命运)—rolladiceorsimplyflipacoin.
Shallwemakechoicesatrandom(随机)?
Icametothinkaboutthebenefitsofrandomdecisionmakingwhen
watchingaTVshowlastnight.ItsmaincharacterSheldonusedthedicetorandomlyorderfoodanddrinksinarestaurant.Hedidthistofreeuphismindtoconsidersomemoreimportantproblems.However,hisfriendsquestionthemethod’ssuccess.Indeed,thisrandomrestaurantorderincludingalargedrinkwastoomuchforhim.Sheldonfinallyrealizedthattherandomresultcouldbeimprovedbyreducingoptionstoleaveoutlargedrinks.Thisexamplesuggeststhatrandomdecisionmakingmaynotalwaysworkwellandit’snecessarytoreducetheoptionsbeforerollingadiceinsomesituations.
Insomeunimportantdecisionsituations,randomisersmakeiteasiertodecide.Buthowdodiceworkinmoreimportantdecisionsituations?
It’shardtoaccepttheideaofcompletelydependingonadice.However,thisdoesn’tmeanthatdiceorcoinscan’tbeofanyhelpatall.
LetmeborrowanotherexamplefromSheldon.Hecouldn’tmakeuphismindwhenchoosinganewTVsetfromtwo.HisfriendAmyaskedhimtoflipacoin.Ratherthanblindlyfollowingtheresult,however,shesuggestedcheckinghisemotionalreaction.Didheexperiencehappinessordisappointmentwhenfacedwiththecoin’sresult?
Sheldon’sreactioncouldbeusefultofindoutwhichonehetrulypreferred.
Recently,scientistsstudiedthisdecisionmethodandfoundthatflippingacoinledpeopletoimaginethetwodifferentresultsmoreclearly,whichresultedinastrongeremotionalreaction,andthentheyrecognisedhiddenpreferencesandmadedecisionsmoreeasily.
Arelatedstudyfurtherprovedthatrandomiserssimplifythechoiceprocess.Whenusingdice,peoplewerelesslikelytolookforadditionalbutunnecessaryinformationaboutthedifferentoptions.Thishelpedtospeeduptheirchoices.
Takentogether,recentresearchshowssurprisingbenefitsofflippingcoinsandrollingdiceaslongaspeopledon’tlettheresultscontroltheirchoices.Usingthembutkeepingthefreedomtobedifferentfromtheresultscanspeedupthedecisionprocessandhelpsolvedecisionproblems.
1.ThefirstexampleofSheldonshowsthatrandomdecisionmaking.
A.isalwayseffective
B.helpsmakeagoodorder
C.mayworkbetterwithfeweroptions
D.canoffermoresolutionstoimportantproblems
2.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat.
A.peopleshouldnotrolldiceorflipcoinsinimportantsituations
B.peoplewillmakebetterchoiceswhenexperiencinghappiness
C.dicecanspeedupdecisionprocesswithunnecessaryinformation
D.reactiontotheresultoftherandomisermayshowone’struepreference
3.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.FollowYourHeartorYourHead?
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