专业英语四级阅读理解分类模拟432.docx
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专业英语四级阅读理解分类模拟432.docx
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专业英语四级阅读理解分类模拟432
专业英语四级阅读理解分类模拟432
READINGCOMPREHENSION
SectionAMULTIPLE-CHOICEQUESTIONS
Inthissectionthereareseveralpassagesfollowedbytenmultiple-choicequestions.Foreachmultiple-choicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.
PassageOne
(1)Inwalksthesethreegirlsinnothingbutbathingsuits.I'minthethirdcheck-outslot,withmybacktothedoor,soIdon'tseethemuntilthey'reoverbythebread.Theonethatcaughtmyeyefirstwastheoneintheplaidgreentwo-piece.Shewasachunkykid,withagoodtanandasweetbroadsoft-lookingcanwiththosetwocrescentsofwhitejustunderit,wherethesunneverseemstohit,atthetopofthebacksofherlegs.IstoodtherewithmyhandonaboxofHiHocrackerstryingtorememberifIrangitupornot.Iringitupagainandthecustomerstartsgivingmehell.She'soneofthesecash-register-watchers,awitchaboutfiftywithrougeonhercheekbonesandnoeyebrows,andIknowitmadeherdaytotripmeup.She'dbeenwatchingcashregistersfortyyearsandprobablyneverseenamistakebefore.
(2)BythetimeIgotherfeatherssmoothedandhergoodiesintoabag—shegivesmealittlesnortinpassing,ifshe'dbeenbornattherighttimetheywouldhaveburnedheroverinSalem—bythetimeIgetheronherwaythegirlshadcircledaroundthebreadandwerecomingback,withoutapushcart,backmywayalongthecounters,intheaislebetweenthecheck-outsandtheSpecialbins.Theydidn'tevenhaveshoeson.Therewasthischunkyone,withthetwo-piece—itwasbrightgreenandtheseamsonthebrawerestillsharpandherbellywasstillprettypalesoIguessedshejustgotit(thesuit)—therewasthisone,withoneofthosechubbyberry-faces,thelipsallbunchedtogetherunderhernose,thisone,andatallone,withblackhairthathadn'tquitefrizzedright,andoneofthesesunburnsrightacrossundertheeyes,andachinthatwastoolong—youknow,thekindofgirlothergirlsthinkisvery"striking"and"attractive"butneverquitemakesit,astheyverywellknow,whichiswhytheylikehersomuch—andthenthethirdone,thatwasn'tquitesotall.Shewasthequeen.Shekindofledthem,theothertwopeekingaroundandmakingtheirshouldersround.Shedidn'tlookaround,notthisqueen,shejustwalkedstraightonslowly,ontheselongwhiteprimadonnalegs.Shecamedownalittlehardonherheels,asifshedidn'twalkinherbarefeetthatmuch,puttingdownherheelsandthenlettingtheweightmovealongtohertoesasifshewastestingthefloorwitheverystep,puttingalittledeliberateextraactionintoit.Youneverknowforsurehowgirls'mindswork(doyoureallythinkit'samindinthereorjustalittlebuzzlikeabeeinaglassjar?
)butyougottheideashehadtalkedtheothertwointocominginherewithher,andnowshewasshowingthemhowtodoit,walkslowandholdyourselfstraight.
(3)Shehadonakindofdirty-pink—beigemaybe,Idon'tknow—bathingsuitwithalittlenubblealloveritand,whatgotme,thestrapsweredown.Theywereoffhershouldersloopedloosearoundthecooltopsofherarms,andIguessasaresultthesuithadslippedalittleonher,soallaroundthetopofthecloththerewasthisshiningrim.Ifithadn'tbeenthereyouwouldn'thaveknowntherecouldhavebeenanythingwhiterthanthoseshoulders.Withthestrapspushedoff,therewasnothingbetweenthetopofthesuitandthetopofherheadexceptjusther,thiscleanbareplaneofthetopofherchestdownfromtheshoulderboneslikeadentedsheetofmetaltiltedinthelight.Imean,itwasmorethanpretty.
(4)Shehadsortofoakyhairthatthesunandsalthadbleached,doneupinabunthatwasunraveling,andakindofprimface.WalkingintotheA&Pwithyourstrapsdown,Isupposeit'stheonlykindoffaceyoucanhave.Sheheldherheadsohighherneck,comingupoutofthosewhiteshoulders,lookedkindofstretched,butIdidn'tmind.Thelongerherneckwas,themoreofhertherewas.
(本文选自A&P)
PassageTwo
(1)Whoeverwishestocollectfromthemouthofthepeopleshouldhurry;folksongsaredisappearingoneafteranother.ThuswroteLudolfParisius,aGermansongcollector,nearlytwocenturiesago.Othershavesincesaidthesame,forjustasspokenlanguagescandie,sotoocanmusicalones.
(2)Acenturyagosong-collectionwasanimportantpartofthestudyofmusicallanguages.Therewerearchivesof"fieldrecordings"inBerlin,LondonandWashingtonDC,whichcouldexpressdeepsocialtruth:
theyweretheheartbeatofhumanity.Theyservedotherpurposes,too.Likemanyoftheircontemporaries,ZoltanKodalyandBelaBartok,twoHungarianswhovisitedMagyarvillagesintheearly1900s,usedthefolkmusictheyhoovereduptoenrichtheirowncompositions.
(3)Meanwhile,thenascentrecordcompanieswerealsogettinginontheact.ButtheBritishGramophoneCompanyanditsGermanandAmericanrivalshadlittleinterestinmusicology.ThesongsanddancestheyrecordedinCentralandSouth-EastAsiawereforsalebacktothepeopleofthoseregions,whowould,itwashoped,buytheexpensiveequipmentneededtoplaythem.Itisasweethistoricalironythattheirshellacdiscsarenowmusicologicaltreasures:
someantiqueBalinesepiecesareknownsolelybecauseintheearly1930saCanadiancomposerboughtsomeofthoserecordsinashopinBali.Thewarehousemanager,angrythathiswareswerenotselling,smashedtherestinarage.
(4)Itwasonlyin1933,whenJohnLomax,anAmericanfolklorist,beganmakinghismarathoncollectionofrecordingsfromtheAmericanSouthfortheLibraryofCongress,thatthesignificanceoffieldrecordingsbecamegenerallyrealised.Bythemid-1900stheworldwasbeingscouredbymusicologistsseekingtodocumentandpreserve,withethnographiclabelsgivingthemaltruisticsupport:
FolkwaysinAmerica,TopicinBritainandOcora,setupbytheFrenchgovernmentinitiallytorecordthemusicoftheFrenchWestAfricancoloniesastheymovedtowardsindependence.Itwasameasureoftheprestigeattachedtofield-recordingsthat,in1977,oneoftheNonesuchlabel'srecordingsoftraditionalBalinesegamelanmusicwassentintoouterspaceaspartoftheVoyagerGoldenRecord.
(5)Theworldmusicboomofthe1990swasgalvanisedbyabest-sellingCubanalbum,"BuenaVistaSocialClub".Whocouldnotbefiredbythespectacleofsomeveryoldmenandwomen(andtheirlabel)strikinggoldwithforgottenmusicofirresistiblecharm?
Recordcompaniesrushedtojointhebonanza,butitlastedonlyafewyears.ThegrowthofdigitalmediaandthedeclineinthemarketforspecialistCDs(andrecordshops'increasingreluctancetostockthem)turnedboomintobust.Thisslumphittheethnographiccompanieshard.Somecloseddown,andothersabandonedCDsinfavourofdigitaldistribution.Thelong-awaitedreleaseofDust-to-Digital'sboxofMoroccanfieldrecordings,madeinthe1950sbyPaulBowles,authorof"TheShelteringSky",highlightsanothermarketingploy:
withBowles'snoteshandsomelypresentedinaleather-boundbook,theboxisanart-objectinitself.ButTopicnowsurvivesonitsbacklist,andisnolongerabletofinancenewfieldrecordings;Ocorastillbravelycontinuestoproducethem,thoughitsdirectorSergeNoel-Ranaivoadmitsthelabel'sfutureis"notassured".
(6)SmithsonianFolkwaysisinfinefettle,inlargepartbecauseofitsunparalleledresources.Thenot-for-profitlabeloftheAmericanmuseumfollowsthepolicyofMosesAsch,whosecompany,Folkways,itacquiredin1987:
everyreleaseshouldbekeptavailabletothepublic,whetherprofitableornot.Smithsonian'sdistributionisincreasinglydigitalanditisexpandingitscollectionbyacquiringothers,including127unreleasedalbumsoftraditionalmusicthatweremadebyUNESCOinover70countries.Itstillreleasesnewfieldrecordings,butitssplendidten-CDsurveyofthemusicofCentralAsiawasonlypossiblethankstoasubsidyfromtheAgaKhanTrustforCulture.AprojectedAfricanserieswillnothappenwithoutsimilarhelp.
(7)ProfessorTheodoreLevin,producerofthatCentralAsianseries,isarareoptimist."Ethnographicrecordingshaveneverbeeneasiertomakeanddisseminate,"hesays."AnyonewithaZoomrecorderandalaptopcanmakedigitalfieldrecordingsandputthemonline."Healsopointstotheproliferationofcross-culturalfusionsnowbeingrecorded.
(8)Buttherearemorereasonstobepessimistic.YouTuberecordingsarenosubstituteforthescrupulouslycuratedproductsofSmithsonianandOcora,andalthoughsomeinspiredfusionsarebeingcreatedinCentralAsia,mostcomeandgowithoutatrace.Traditionalmusictypicallyevolvesslowly,andinastableenvironment.Ifitsecosystemisdestroyed,itcanwitheranddie.Newmusicalforms,rapincluded,continueemerging.But,assoundarchivesnowrecognise,localmusicisfadingaway.Parisius,theGermancollectorofearlysong,wasspot-on.
(本文选自TheEconomist)
PassageThree
(1)Thecementindustryisoneoftheworld'smostpolluting:
itaccountsfor5%ofman-madecarbon-dioxideemissionseachyear.Makingthismostusefulofgluesrequiresvastquantitiesofenergyandwater.Calciumcarbonate(generallyintheformoflimestone),silica,ironoxideandaluminaarepartiallymeltedbyheatingthemto1450℃inaspecialkiln.Theresult,clinker,ismixedwithgypsumandgroundtomakecement,abasicingredientofconcrete.Breakingdownthelimestoneproducesabouthalfoftheemissions;almostalltherestcomefromtheburningoffossilfuelstoheatthekiln.
(2)About4.3b
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