届高三英语二轮复习试题词义猜测题 题型突破.docx
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届高三英语二轮复习试题词义猜测题 题型突破.docx
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届高三英语二轮复习试题词义猜测题题型突破
第二讲 词义猜测题
题型1 猜测单词类
[示例] (2016·全国卷Ⅱ,B)OnceIhadaboywhoworkedexperimentallywithTinkertoysinhisfreetime.Hisconstructionsfilledashelfintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomathome.Iwasdelightedatthepresenceofsuchastudent.Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork.HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfect(感染)otherstudents.
Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,“ButI’mjustnotcreative.”
27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“downside”inParagraph4probablymean?
A.Mistake. B.Drawback.
C.Difficulty.D.Burden.
[解题思路]
第一步 阅读文章,在画线词前后找出相关信息词
①Encouraging__this__kind__of__thinking__has__a__downside.
②I__ran__the__risk__of__losing__those__students__who__had__a__different__style__of__thinking.
第二步 对比信息词与选项,找出符合题干要求的选项
尝试解答 ____B____
[答题技巧]
1.识别题干关键
(1)Theunderlinedword...probablymeans____________.
(2)Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword...?
2.“文中信息”巧利用
(1)同义或定义解释法。
上下文中以某种方式对其进行解释,如利用or,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,namely等词语进行解释,或利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句等进行解释。
(2)因果推断法。
对生词词义的猜测需要结合上下文的因果关系进行。
(3)前后对比法。
上下文中往往对生词提供一定的对比背景,并且通常以反义或对照的方式出现,以此可推测生词意思。
(4)语境理解法。
生词词义的推测大多根据语境进行,做题时要根据上下文语境信息进行分析、推理,从而猜测出生词的意义。
(5)基本构词法。
根据前缀、后缀、合成及词性转换猜测词义。
题型2 猜测短语类
[示例] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ,D)Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethe__water__catcher’sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.
Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone(圆锥体)with45degreeangledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.
33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2referto?
A.Thetube.B.Thestill.
C.Thehole.D.Thecup.
[解题思路]
第一步 速读文章,在画线部分前后找出相关的信息词。
To__construct__a__working__still,__use__a__sharp__stick__or__rock__to__dig__a__hole__four__feet__across__and__three__feet__deep.
第二步 对比信息词与选项,找出符合题干要求的选项
尝试解答 ____B____
[答题技巧]
1.识别题干关键
(1)Theunderlinedphrase...couldbereplacedby____________.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase...referto?
2.“语境分析”猜短语
短语猜测题是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的题型,即利用该短语前后的已知部分进行推理判断。
首先注意分析短语的意思,然后结合具体语境去推测短语的含义更有利于问题的解决。
3.明晰干扰选项特征
短语猜测题的干扰项一般是以下几种情况:
(1)短语的字面意思;
(2)文中出现的与猜测无关的内容;
(3)命题人凭空杜撰的内容。
题型3 猜测指代类
[示例] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ,C)
Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.
It’sJasonMoran’sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter’sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.
29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?
A.Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.
B.Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.
C.Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.
D.Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.
[解题思路]
第一步 通读全文,找出代词所在语句
It’s__Jason__Moran’s__job__to__help__change__that.
第二步 试找出该代词所代替的词语
此处changethat可知that代指上文themusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations。
尝试解答 ____C____
[答题技巧]
1.识别题干关键
(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this/it/them...”referto?
(2)Theunderlinedpart“it/that/they...”(inPara...)refersto____________.
2.“就近原则”判指代
此类题目要求考生根据语境判断代词(this,that,it,they,them,one,which等)或代动词(do,does,did等)究竟指代什么。
具体方法:
(1)返回原文,找出指代词(it,they,them,this...)。
(2)向上(有时向下)搜索,找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子(就近原则)。
(3)将找到的词、词组或句子代入替换该指代词,看其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺,并最终确定最佳答案。
题型4 猜测句意类
[示例] (2017·浙江卷,A)Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong,thecatbegantolookragged(蓬乱).Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.
The__cat’s__lot__was__about__to__improve.Thatyear,oneofBenjamin’scousins,Mr.Pennington,cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin’sdrawings.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings(版画)byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.
In1747,whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold,Mr.Penningtonreturnedforanothervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin’sparentsifhemighttaketheboybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.
22.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3suggest?
A.Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.
B.Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.
C.Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.
D.Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.
[解题思路]
第一步 速读文章,并标出文章中与画线句子相关的句子
①Before__long,__the__cat__began__to__look__ragged(蓬乱).
②When__he__went__home,__he__sent__Benjamin__a__box__of__paint__and__some__brushes.
第二步 对比信息句、画线句和选项,确定答案
由上一段为了制作画笔本杰明剪猫的毛使猫“破相”,接下来讲到堂兄给他送来了颜料和画笔使猫的命运得到改善,隐含着“本杰明将得到真正的画笔”。
尝试解答 ____D____
[答题技巧]
1.识别题干关键
(1)Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedpart...?
(2)Whatistheimpliedmeaningoftheunderlinedsentenceabove?
(3)WhatcanweinferfromtheunderlinedsentenceinPara...?
**************
2.“意义吻合”定句意
句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章,用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。
(1)返回原文,找到该句,对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。
对于需要推理的句意理解,首先要理解句子前后的语境,其次对此句在文章中的意思进行合理的推断,最后再归纳总结。
(2)一般来说,正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同,是用其他的英语词汇或句式来表达。
[状元技法]
顺藤摸瓜——猜测词义类题目
1.做此类题目,要学会“顺藤摸瓜”和“上下取证”,通过构词法、语法逻辑、经验、常识、上下文等线索来确定词义,“顺着”作者的思想、态度去理解,然后“上下取证”看自己的判断是否合乎逻辑或作者的思想等。
2.重视并列或转折关系。
常见的几种逻辑关系词:
but/yet/however/nevertheless/while/whereas/otherwise/orelse/unlike/instead/ratherthan/bycontrast/comparedto/onthecontrary/ontheotherhand/either...or...
3.重视理解说明部分。
常见的几种定义或同位关系词:
tobedefinedas/tobecalled/tomean/toreferto/thatis(tosay)/inotherwords/namely
[学生用书P47] )
A
(2017·云南高三检测一)Mydoorbellringsat11a.m.Onthestep,IfindanelderlyChineselady.Sheissmallandslight.Sheholdsapapercarrierbaginherhands.
Iknowthislady.Itisbynomeansherfirstvisit.Herdaughter,Nicole,boughtthehousenextdoorlastOctober.Nicole,whoiscurrentlyinShanghai,hasapparentlytoldhermotherthatIamhavingheartsurgeryshortly,andtheresultisthathermotherhasdecidedIneedtobesuppliedwithmeals.
Iknowwhatisinsidethepapercarrierbag—astainlesssteelcontainerwithamealofrice,vegetablesandeitherchicken,meatorshrimp.Thishasbecomeanalmostdailyoccurrence.
Communicationbetweenmybenefactor(恩人)andmeissomewhathandicappedbythefactthatshedoesn’tspeakEnglishandallIcansayinMandarinis“hello”.Once,shebroughtaniPadandpointedtothescreen,whichdisplayedamessagefromNicoletellingmethathermotherwantedtoknowifthefoodwasallright.
“Yourmotherjustcan’tbebringingmemealslikethisallthetime,”Iprotested.“Icanhardlyreciprocatebycookingsomethingfrommynativeland,likeroastbeeforYorkshirepuddingforher,”Isaid.
“Oh,no,”Nicolesaid.“Don’tworryaboutthat.Shehastocookforthefamilyanyway,andshewantstodoitforyou.YoucancallherWing,whichishersurname.”
ThetenantinmybasementsuiteisauniversitystudentwhospeaksMandarinquitewell,sowithherhelp,IhavefoundoutthatWingis68—13yearsyoungerthanIam.Formypart,IwasraisedinwartimeBritain.
Sohereweare,twograndmothersaworldawayfromwherewewereraised,neitherofusabletospeaktheother’slanguage.Butthedoorbellkeepsringingandthereisthefamiliarpapercarrierbag,handedsmilinglytomebyWing.
RightnowIamworkingonsomemoreMandarinwords—it’stheleastIcandoaftersuchadisplayofkindness.
“Thankyou”is,ofcourse,thefirstone,whichsomehowseemsinadequate.
[解题导语] 本文是一篇记叙文。
文章讲述了作者与邻居之间的故事,邻居是一位来自中国的老太太,对作者非常关照。
1.TheauthorandWinggottoknoweachother________.
A.asnextdoorneighbors
B.whenexchangingmeals
C.bysharingsimilarexperiences
D.afterusinganiPadtocommunicate
A 解析:
细节理解题。
根据第二段的前三句“Iknowthislady...Herdaughter,Nicole,boughtthehousenextdoorlastOctober.”可知,作者与这位老太太是邻居。
所以A项正确。
2.Theunderlinedword“reciprocate”inParagraph5probablymeans“________”.
A.doaswell B.offergenerously
C.giveinreturnD.acceptwithpleasure
C 解析:
词义猜测题。
根据第五段第一句中的“Yourmotherjustcan’tbebringingmemealslikethisallthetime”可知作者认为老太太一直对自己那么好,而自己只是做一些本国的食物,是几乎不能回报她的。
C项意为“回报”,故选C。
3.Theauthor’sefforttolearnMandarinshowsher________.
A.greatsatisfactionB.realkindness
C.heartfeltthanksD.sincerefriendship
C 解析:
细节理解题。
根据倒数第二段中的“it’stheleastIcandoaftersuchadisplayofkindness”可知作者认为学习中文是为了感谢老太太对自己的好。
A项意为“极大的满意”;B项意为“真正的友善”;C项意为“衷心的感谢”;D项意为“真诚的友谊”。
B
(2017·云南高三检测二)HalfofprimaryschoolswilladoptthetraditionalChinesemethodofmathsteachinginaGovernmentdrivetostopBritishyoungstersfromfallingbehindtheir__Asian__counterparts.
YoungstersintheU.K.lagwaybehindthoseinChina,SingaporeandJapaninnumeracy(计算能力).InthelatestPISA(ProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessment)testsfor15-year-olds,ShanghaicametopinmathswhiletheU.K.came26th.
Theschoolwillgiveup“child-centred”stylesandinsteadreturntorepetition,drillsand“chalkandtalk”whole-classlearning.Primaryschoolchildrenwillbetaught“Shanghaimaths”asBritishschoolscopyChineseteachingmethodstoimprovestandards.Sofar140teachershavebeentrainedintheapproach.
Currently,classesareoftendividedintogroupsbasedonability.CriticsblametheBritishteachingstylesthatfocuse
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