新概念4新东方课堂笔记4.docx
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新概念4新东方课堂笔记4.docx
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新概念4新东方课堂笔记4
Lesson40ThemesandVariations
主旋律与变奏曲
主旋律与变奏曲
Populationsincreaseanddecreaserelativelynotonlytooneanother,butalsotonaturalresources.Inmostpartsoftheworld,therelationbetweenpopulationandresourcesisalreadyunfavourableandwillprobablybecomeevenmoreunfavourableinthefuture.Thisgrowingpovertyinthemidstofgrowingpovertyconstitutesapermanentmenacetopeace.Andnotonlytopeace,butalsotodemocraticinstitutionsandpersonalliberty.Foroverpopulationisnotcompatib1ewithfreedom.Anunfavourablerelationshipbetweennumbersandresourcestendstomaketheearningofalivingalmostintolerablydifficult.Labourismoreabundantthangoods,andtheindividualiscompelledtoworklonghoursforlittlepay.Nosurplusofaccumulatedpurchasingpowerstandsbetweenhimandthetyranniesofunfriendlynatureoroftheequallyunfriendlywieldersofpoliticalandeconomicpower.Democracyis,amongotherthings,theabilitytosay'no'totheboss.Butamancannotsay'no'totheboss,unlessheissureofbeingabletoeatwhentheboss'sfavourhasbeenwithdrawn.Andhecannotbecertainofhisnextmealunlessheownsthemeansofproducingenoughwealth,forhisfamilytoliveon,orhasbeenabletoaccumulateasurplusoutofpastwages,orhasachanceofmovingtovirginterritories,wherehecanmakeafreshstart.Inanovercrowdedcountry,veryfewpeopleownenoughtomakethemfinanciallyindependent;veryfewareinapositiontoaccumulatepurchasingpower;andthereisnofreeland.Moreover,inanycountrywherepopulationpressesharduponnaturalresources,thegeneraleconomicsituationisapttobesoprecariousthatgovernmentcontrolofcapitalandlabour,productionandconsumption,becomesinevitable.Itisnoaccidentthatthetwentiethcenturyshouldbethecenturyofhighlycentralizedgovernmentsandtotalitariandictatorships;ithadtobesoforthesimplereasonthatthetwentiethcenturyisthecenturyofplanetaryovercrowding.
Newwordsandexpressions生词短语
precariousa.不稳定的perilous山势险恶的,危险的
povertyn.贫困
Iliveinpoverty./I’mpoverty-stricken./Myfamilyispoverty-stricken.
constitutevt.构成constituteamenace构成威胁
compatiblewith和……处的来
incompatible
Themealistolerable.这饭还说的过去。
Themealisintolerable这饭真差。
virginwork处女作virginsoil处女地virginvoyage处女航VirginMary圣母玛利亚apta.易于aptto/beapttothemesong主题歌
特别说明:
本文档根据新东方新概念第四册(第二版)网络课堂Flash制作(转发请保持文档的完整性)
只可用于学习交流,不得用于商业目的!
!
!
-109–文字录入:
wuwuandjian整理发布:
kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson40Notesonthetext课文注释
populations表示各地的人口
tooneanother相互之间有关系
tonaturalresources和自然资源也有关系
thegrowingpovertyinthemidstofgrowingpoverty=peoplebecomepoorerandpoorere.g.Thegrowingprosperityinthemidstofgrowingprosperityenablesmentotravelworldwide.permanent=longtime,enduring长期的,永久的(lasting)
permanentlove永久的爱/permanentfriendship持久的友谊/permanentmember永久会员Andnotonlytopeace,butalsotodemocraticinstitutionsandpersonalliberty.(无谓句)liberty自由度,个人自由
Ilovemysister,mybrother…alsomygrandmother.(强调grandmother)强调句
…,constitutesapermanentmenacetopeace,alsotodemocraticinstitutionsandpersonalliberty.(语气较弱)
freedom用途很广Ienjoyfreedom.今天我休息。
liberty政治上的自由StatueofLiberty自由女神像
numbers=populationdog-eat-dog人吃人lucrativejob肥缺/cutfigureout崭露头角tend强调无意识的e.g.Hetendstoriseearly.他习惯于早起。
intend强调有意识的e.g.Heintendstoriseearly.他爱早起。
labourforce劳动力
surplus剩余surplusvalue剩余价值laboursurplus剩余劳动力
purchasingpower购买力
accumulated堆积的,蓄积的(open-handed)
tyrannyn.残暴
politicalandeconomicpower=countries
wielders统治者
此句话的意思可表示为:
Itisimpossibleforhim/forindividualtogetanythingundertheruthlessnatureandthemercilessgovernment.
power:
Americaisasuperpower.美国是超级大国。
aboveall首要=amongotherthings表示强调说法democracy:
tobuildagovernmentofthepeople,bythepeopleandforthepeople.(Lincoln)
(民有、民治、民享)
unless=if…not
favour:
恩惠intheboss’sfavour.这是老板的大红人Heistheboss’sfavourite.(很吃香)
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kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson40Heisadiplomat.他左右逢源,很会来事。
withdraw:
取走
and:
句式连接
Mymotherisadoctor,andmyfatherisadriver.
Mymotherisadoctor.Andmyfatherisadriver.
becertain=besureof
means手段,方法bymeansof通过……手段
liveon:
依靠……而生活Iliveonrice/noodle.
livebyone’shands靠劳动livebythemountains靠山吃山,靠水吃水
feedon
outof从……出来outofreason/Hedidoutofimpulse.他出于冲动。
virginterritories新的国度
makeafreshstart重新开始
financiallyindependent经济独立=economicallyindependent
financiallydependentonmyparents需要父母给钱
MentallyIwouldratheryoustay.打心眼里我是真舍不得你走。
beinapositionto=beableto
这位教授有资格能对这个事件发表看法。
Theprofessorisinapositiontoaironthistopic.
pressupon=presson施加压力给……
beaptto=tendtogovernmentcontrol政府控制capital资本
itisnoaccident决不是偶然
centralized:
(Iwanttobuildacradleforsecurity.(Stalin))
AldousHuxley(奥尔德斯·赫胥黎)(1894-1963英国作家,他最著名作品BraveNewWorld(美丽新世界)描绘了以科学方式组织的理想社会的恐怖情景)
AldousHuxleyisNo.1humoristinBritain.(林语堂)
Arnold阿诺德:
英国著名作家(AldousHuxley’suncle)
TomasHuxley(严复《天演论》,AldousHuxley’sgrandfather)
TheStatueofLiberty:
碑铭(1886年,法国送给美国)
“Givemeyourtired,yourpoor,yourhuddledmassesyearningtobreathefree.Thewretchedrefuseofyourteemingshore.Sendthese,thehomeless,tempest-tossedtome.Iliftmylampbesidethegoldendoor!
”
“给我你那劳累,贫穷,蜷曲渴望呼吸自由的身躯,可怜被遗弃在你们海岸的人群们,交给我吧,那些无家可归的、颠簸流离的人们,我在金色之门高举明灯迎接他们”
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kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson41Lesson41TheOriginofThings
Lesson41TheOriginofThings
事物本象
事物本象
Educationisoneofthekeywordsofourtime.Amanwithoutaneducation,manyofusbelieve,isanunfortunatevictimofadversecircumstancesdeprivedofoneofthegreatesttwentieth-centuryopportunities.Convincedoftheimportanceofeducation,modernstates'invest'ininstitutionsoflearningtogetback'interest'intheformofalargegroupofenlightenedyoungmenandwomenwhoarepotentialleaders.Education,withitscyclesofinstructionsocarefullyworkedout,punctuatedbytext-books--thosepurchasablewellsofwisdom--whatwouldcivilizationbelikewithoutitsbenefits?
Somuchiscertain:
thatwewouldhavedoctorsandpreachers,lawyersanddefendants,marriagesandbirths--butourspiritualoutlookwouldbedifferent.Wewouldlaylessstresson'factsandfigures'andmoreonagoodmemory,onappliedpsychology,andonthecapacityofamantogetalongwithhisfellowcitizens.Ifoureducationalsystemwerefashionedafteritsbooklesspastwewouldhavethemostdemocraticformof'college'imaginable.Amongthepeoplewhomweliketocallsavagesallknowledgeinheritedbytraditionissharedbyall;itistaughttoeverymemberofthetribesothatinthisrespecteverybodyis,equallyequippedforlife.
Itistheidealconditionofthe'equalstart'whichonlyourmostprogressiveformsofmoderneducationtrytoregain.Inprimitiveculturestheobligationtoseekandtoreceivethetraditionalinstructionisbindingtoall.Thereareno'illiterates'--ifthetermcanbeappliedtopeopleswithoutascript--whileourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelawinGermanyin1642,inFrancein1806,andinEnglandin1876,andisstillnon-existentinanumberof'civilized'nations.Thisshowshowlongitwasbeforewedeemeditnecessarytomakesurethatallourchildrencouldshareintheknowledgeaccumulatedbythe'happyfew'duringthepastcenturies.
Educationinthewildernessisnotamatterofmonetarymeans.Allareentitledtoanequalstart.Thereisnoneofthehurrywhich,inoursociety,oftenhampersthefulldevelopmentofagrowingpersonality.There,achildgrowsupundertheever-presentattentionofhisparents,thereforethejunglesandthesavannahsknowofno'juveniledelinquency.'Nonecessityofmakingalivingawayfromhomeresultsinneglectofchildren,andnofatherisconfrontedwithhisinabilityto'buy'aneducationforhischild.
Newwordsandexpressions生词短语
inheritvt.继承disinheritv.剥夺继承权
illiteraten.文盲literarya.文学的literaturen.文学
circum=surrounding周围的
特别说明:
本文档根据新东方新概念第四册(第二版)网络课堂Flash制作(转发请保持文档的完整性)
只可用于学习交流,不得用于商业目的!
!
!
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kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson41circus马戏团,马戏场
circumspecta.慎重的,周到的,小心谨慎的
environmentn.(用单数)circumstancen.(用复数)
deprivesb.ofsth.剥夺某人机会rob:
抢robsb.ofsth.
e.g.Hedeprivedmeoftheopportunityofeducation./Hedeprivedmeoffreedom./I’mdeprived./downfallen.
possess:
拥有dispossesssb.ofsth.
invest:
投资devest:
拿走
denudev.使身无分文
convincesb.ofsth.e.g.Heconvincedmeofhishonesty.(强调结果)
persuadesb.todosth.e.g.Shepersuademetogoshoppingwithher.(强调过程)Hisspeechisveryconvincing.(具有说服力)
enlightened:
受到启迪
Listentobothsides,youwillbeenlightened.(兼听则明)
theenlightenment启蒙运动Weshouldbaseonunderstandingonreason.
1.ancientphilosopher(Aristotle)
2.Renaissance(文艺复兴)
3.scientificrevolution
Religionalwaysregardedhumanasvicious.(well-natured:
人性本善)
Famousfigures:
Bacon,Locke,Rousseau《TheConfessions》
instruct:
指导instructor辅导员cycleofinstruction教学周期
punctuatevt.加强,介入,加标点acupuncture针灸术
underline:
加强
fortify:
加强(工事)
intensify:
强化
preachsermon
missionary:
带着任务到国外传教
defendantn.被告(plaintiff:
原告prosecutor:
原告(尤指刑事)
MA=masterofarts:
硕士PHD:
博士defendant:
论文的答辩者defendmythesismentaloutlook:
精神面貌worldoutlook:
世界观
vision/view/sight
capacityn.能力breathcapacity:
肺活量
capability/caliber:
highcaliber
inthecapacityof:
以什么身份
e.g.Inthecapacityofachairman,Iextendawarmwelcometoallthedelegates.
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wuwuandjian整理发布:
kaiziliu荣誉出品新概念英语(第二版第四册)Lesson41inheritvt.inheritor:
继承人
people/folk:
民族(highcivilize
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