常见时态的用法.docx
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常见时态的用法.docx
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常见时态的用法
常见时态的用法
常见时态的用法
一、一般现在时:
1.表示
习惯性或经常性的
动作或状态,常与
usually,often,
sometimes,确always,
seldom,everyday
(year,morning⋯)等表
示频率的时间状语连用。
Heoftendoeshishomeworkinhisstudy.Iusuallygetupatsixinthemorning.
2.表示客观规律、正确事实或科学真理等。
Knowledgecomesonlyfrompractice.
※Columbusproved
thattheearthisround.
3.在连词when,while,before,after,until,
till,
once,if,unless,assoonas,aslongas,bythetime,incase,evenif,themoment/minute/instant,theday/year,
immediately等引导的时
间(条件、让步)状语从句中,常用一般现
在
时表将来。
WhenBillcomes(willcome×),askhimtowaitforme.
We’llgooutforawalkassoonastherainstops.
Evenifitrainstomorrow,thesportsmeetingwilltakeplace.
e,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等动词可以用来
2
表示按照计划、安排将要发生、且不轻易改变的动作(有特定的时间状语)。
.
Theflighttakesoffatteno’clock.
SchoolbeginsonSeptember1st.
※Couldyoutellme
whenhe____back?
----Whenhe____back,
I’llletyouknow.
A.comes;comes
B.
will
come;
comes
C.will
come;will
come
D.comes;willcome5.试比较:
NowIputthesugarinthecup.
Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.
第一句用一般现在时,
用于操作演示或指导说
明的示范动作;第二句
now是进行时的标志,
表示正在进行的动作。
二、一般过去时:
1)表示在确定的过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday,in1998,twoyearsago,lastmonth,thedaybeforeyesterday,theotherday,when从句等连用.
TheRedArmycameintobeingin1927.
Arobberbrokeintothebankandrobbedthebankofalotofmoneylastnight.
一般过去时还可表示过去发生的一连串动作。
Themonkeyjumpedoff
3
thetree,pickedupabigsomeday,fromnowon,stoneandthrewitatus.thedayaftertomorrow,
2)用于以下固定句型inthefuture等表将来
中:
的时间状语连用。
有几
Itis(high/about)time种构成方式:
thatsb.didsth.早该1.Begoingto+动词原
做...
Would/hadrathersb.
didsth.宁愿某人去
做⋯
3)wish,wonder,think,
hope,know等用过去
时,表示的动作都已成为过去,现已不复存在。
Oh,it’syou.Ididn’tknowyouwereheretoo.
三、一般将来时:
表示
将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与soon,
tomorrow(morning⋯),
nextweek(year⋯),
形①表示计划、决心,说话前已打算要做的事情。
②说话人根据已有的迹象或经验判断认为将要发生的事情。
I’mgoingtobuyanewcarifIhavealotofmoney.
Look!
Darkcloudsaregathering.Itisgoingtorain.
2.shall/will+动词原形①单纯表将来②表说
话时才想到的意愿或决心。
Eg:
Jackisillinhospital.
----Ohreally?
I_____.I_____toseehim.
4
A.didn’tknow;willgoB.don’tknow;am
going
C.haven’known;twill
go
D.didn’tknow;am
going
3.be+todo①按照计
划、安排将要做的事情。
②(上级对下级、父母对子女)下达命令,意思是“应该⋯”③表命
中注定将要发生的事情。
WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.
Youaretofinishtheworkbeforefivethisafternoon.
ThelittleboyistobecomeaVIP.
4.beaboutto+动词原形或beonthepointof
doing表示即将或正要去做⋯.不与
tomorrow,nextweek等
具体的时间状语连用,但可和when从句连用。
Iamabouttodo(=am
onthepointofdoing)
myhomework.
5.be+doing表示按计划安排即将发生的动作,常用于come,go,
start,setout,leave,reach,return,move,takeoff,arrive等
Areyoustayinghere
tillnextweek?
四、过去将来时:
would
do;was/weregoingtodo;(was/weretodo;was/wereabouttodo;was/weredoing;was/wereonthepointofdoing)一般不能单独使
5
用,常用在宾语从句和间接引语之中,表示从过去的角度看,将要发生的行为或存在的状
态。
Theysaidthattheywouldcallonmesoonerorlater.
TomaskedmeifIwasgoingtocallonmyEnglishteacher.
Iwasonthepointofphoningyouwhenyourphonearrived.
五、现在进行时:
be(am,
is,are)+doing
①表示现在(说话时刻)正在进行或发生的动
作;
Look!
Themonkeyis
话时未必动作正在进行;
Whatareyoudoing
thesedays?
Mr.Greeniswriting
anothernovel.
③一些位移动词可用现在进行时表将来。
Heiscomingtoseeyou
nextweek.
※进行时与某些副词
(always,constantly,
continually,forever)连
用,可表赞叹或厌恶等情感。
Youarealways
thinkingofothers.
Heisconstantly
changinghismind.
climbingthebanana
六、过去进行时
:
was
tree.
/weredoing
②也可表示现阶段正在
表示过去某个时刻或一
进行或发生的动作,说
段时间正在进行的动
6
作,这一特定的过去时间,除了上下文暗示以外,一般和时间状语连用。
常用的时间状语有:
thismorning,thewhole
morning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastnight,atthistimeyesterday,when,
while等。
Whatwereyoudoingatthistimeyesterday?
Iwasreadinganewspaperwhenheknockedatthe
door.
Youlookunhappy.What’sthematterwithyou?
----Nothingmuch.Iwasmissingmyparents.
Eg:
Idon’thinkTom
sawus;he____into
space.
A.juststared
B.wasjuststaring
C.hasjuststared
D.hadjuststared
七、现在完成时have/
has+done
①表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在
造成影响或结果②表示动作或状态过去已经开始,一直持续到现在。
常用的时间状语有:
already,never,ever,just,before,lately,yet,recently,sofar,uptothepresent,uptillnow,inthepast/lastfewyears,since,“for+段时间”等.
Haveyouhadyoursupperyet?
----Yes,Ihavejusthad
7
it.(吃过了饭,所以现在不饿)
Ihavelivedherein
YiyangsinceIwas
born.
(动作持续到现在)
◎hasbeento去过⋯(已经回来)
Mysisterhasbeento
theUSAonce(butsheis
backnow).
◎hasgoneto去⋯了(已去未归)
Mysisterhasgoneto
Thisisthemost
interestingstoryIhave
everread.
ThisisthethirdtimeIhavebeenhere.
※句中如果有过去的时间副词(如:
yeaterday,
lastweek,in1990),要
用一般过去时,不能用现在完成时。
Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.(√)
Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.
(×)
theUSA(andsheisnherenow).
※当先行词前有最高级
或序数词修饰时,定语
从句中一般用现在完成
’t※现在完成时中,终止性动词不能与for,
since等延续性状语连
用,必须改为相应的延
续性动词。
Die----be
deadjoin----be
in
时。
fallill----beill
8
finish----
be
over
leave/go
----be
away
begin----
be
on
become----
be
buy----
get/have
marry----
bemarried(to)
borrow----
keep
arrive/reach/get
to----be
in/at/stay
eg:
HehasjoinedthePartyfor5years.()HehasbeenaPartymemberfor5years.(√)
HehasbeeninthePartyfor5years.(√)
八、现在完成进行时
have/hasbeendoing
表示动作从过去开始,一直延续到现在,甚至将来;也可能动作刚结
束。
Hehasbeenlyinginbedfortwoweeks.(现在还躺着)
Wherehaveyoubeen?
Ihavebeenlookingforyoueverywhere.(动作
刚结束,已不在寻找)某些动词如:
work,live,
study,teach等用于现在
×完成进行时和现在完成时意义区别不大。
Ihavebeenworking/
workedherefor5years.
九、过去完成时had
done
①表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或状态,这个时间可用短语或从句来表示,也可由上下文来暗示
9
Hehadstudiedherefor3yearsbeforehewenttoEurope.
②一些表希望、打算的词,如:
hope,want,
expect,think,mean,
suppose,plan,intend
等,常用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望打算。
Ihadexpectedtocomeandhelpyoulastnight,butIwastoobusy.
③过去完成时还可用于虚拟语气中,表示与过去事实相反的一种假设
IwishIhadworked
harderinthosedays!
Ifyouhadcome5
minutesearlier,you
wouldhavecaughtthe
firstbus.
④用于固定句型
Hardly/
Scarcely⋯when⋯;No
sooner⋯than⋯中,表
“一⋯⋯就⋯⋯”
HardlyhadIarrivedhomewhenitbegantorainhard.(=Ihadhardlyarrivedhomewhen⋯.)
Nosoonerhadhegotbetterthanhefellillagain.(=Hehadno
soonergotbetter
than⋯)
几种常用时态之间的比
较
1.HelivesinBeijing.
他住在北京。
(长期性,永久性)
10
HeislivinginBeijing.
强调对现在的影响)
他现住北京。
(临时性,
We
have
been
短暂性)
discussing
theproblem
2.Alicewrotealetterto
with
him
all
the
her
friend
lastnight.
morning.
(一直在讨
(写了一封信,过去式
论,说话时动作可能还
表动作已完成)
在延续。
)
Alice
was
writing
a
letter
toher
friend
last
1.—Haveyouknown
night.
(只强调当时在
Dr.Jackson
fora
写,不强调是否写完)
longtime?
(全国I
3.Hehaslivedherefor
卷)
fiveyears.(现完表示动
—Yes,sinceshe_____
作延续到现在,即现在
theChineseSociety.
还住这儿。
)
A.hasjoined
B.
Helivedhereforfive
joins
years.(曾经在这住过五
C.hadjoined
D.
年,过去式表动作已完
joined
成,即现已不住这。
)
2.Thewet
weatherwill
4.
Wehavediscussed
continue
tomorrow,
the
problem
with
him.
when
a
cold
front
(已经和他讨论过了。
______toarrive.(全国
11
I卷)
havebeentaught
A.isexpected
B.
5.
Sofar
this
year
we
isexpecting
______afall
in
house
C.expects
D.
pricesbybetween5and
willbeexpected
10percent.(福建卷)
3.
-----Did
you
watch
A.saw
B.see
C.
the
basketball
match
hadseen
D.haveseen
yesterday?
6.IcalledHnnahmany
-----Yes,Idid.Youknow,
timesyesterdayevening,
mybrother________in
but
I
couldn
’tget
thematch.(安徽卷)
through.
Her
brother
A.
is
playing
_____onthephoneall
B.wasplaying
thetime!
(湖南卷)
C.
has
played
A.was
talking
D.hadplayed
B.hasbeentalking
4.
IliketheseEnglish
C.
has
talked
songs
and
they
D.talked
____manytimesonthe
7.—Doyouhaveany
radio.
(安徽卷)
problems
ifyou______
A.
taught
B.
thisjob?
(湖南卷)
havetaught
—Well,
I’mthinking
C.aretaught
D.
aboutthesalary
.
12
A.
offer
D.hadwalked
B.willoffer
10.---Doyouthink
we
C.
are
offered
should
accept
that
D.willbeoffered
offer?
8.
—I’msureAndrew
----Yes,weshould,
for
will
win
the
first
prize
we___suchbadluckup
inthefinal.
(江苏卷)
tillnow,andtime__out.
—Ithinkso.He______
(江西卷)
foritformonths.
A.havehad;isrunning
A.ispreparing
B.had;isrunning
B.waspreparing
C.have;hasbeenrun
C.
had
been
D.havehad;hasbeenrun
11We
firstmet
ona
preparing
D.
has
trainin
2000.We
both
beenpreparing
feltimmediatelythatwe
9.
By
the
time
he
__eachotherforyears.
realizes
he
_
intoa
A.knew
B.
trap,it
’llbetoolatefor
himto
do
anything
hadknown
C.haveknown
D.
aboutit.
know
(辽宁卷)
(山东)A.walks
12.—Haveyougotany
B.walked
joboffers?
C.haswalked
—No.I_____.(辽宁
13
卷)
A.waited
B.hadbeenwaiting
C.havewaited
D.amwaiting
13.Iftheweatherhadbeenbetter,wecouldhavehadapicnic.Butit
____allday.(全
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