高一定语从句讲解.docx
- 文档编号:23488282
- 上传时间:2023-05-17
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:19
- 大小:26.56KB
高一定语从句讲解.docx
《高一定语从句讲解.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高一定语从句讲解.docx(19页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
高一定语从句讲解
高一定语从句讲解
(一)、功能:
相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语
一:
先行词:
被定语从句所修饰的词
二:
关系代词:
用来连接定语从句,并在从句中代表先行词的代词。
先行词是物:
whichthat
先行词是人:
whowhomthat
在从句中充当的成分:
主语、宾语
(1)先找关系词,看先行词指的是什么。
(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
e.g.把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句
1.Theyhadaradio.Itcouldsendoutmessages.
Theyhadaradiowhich/thatcouldsendoutmessage.(主语)
2.Thegirlismybestfriend.Shespokejustnow.
______________________________________________________
3.Healwaysbuyssomebooks.Heneverreadthem.
______________________________________________________
注意点:
1.)定语从句一般直接跟在先行词的后面:
e.g.4.Themanwholivesnextdoorsellsvegetables.
Themansellsvegetableswholivesnextdoor.(×)
5.Thecarwhichmyunclejustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.
Thecarwasdestroyedintheearthquakewhichmyunclejustbought.(×)
2.)关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略:
e.g.6.Theyoungman(whom)yousawwasourmanager.
7.Thereissomething(that)wemustkeepinmind.
找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分
1.Themanwhotoldmethenewsrefusedtogivemethename.
2.TheairlinehasabookletwhichwilltellyoumostoftheimportantthingsaboutatriptoEurope.
3.Hefoundadollarbillthathehadforgotteninasuit.
4.Heisthemanwhomweallrespect.
5.Thereissomebodywhowantstoseeyou.
6.ThehouseIwouldliketobuyisnotforsale.
7.Thebicyclemyunclegavemewasveryexpensive.
(二)whose的用法:
关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格,即“的”时,它既可以修饰指人的先行词,也可以修饰指物的先行词。
e.g.1.Thegirlismydaughter.Herworkgotthefirstprize.
Thegirlwhoseworkgotthefirstprizeismydaughter.
2.Thebookisnotmine.Thecoverofitisred.
Thebookwhosecoverisredisnotmine(Thebookthecoverofwhichisredisnotmine)
3.Doyouknowanyone?
HisfamilyisinXi’an.
________________________________________________________________
4.Iliveintheroom.Thewindowsofitfacesouth.
________________________________________________________________
5.Thechairhasbeenrepaired.Thelegofitwasbroken.
________________________________________________________________
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1、限制性定语从句:
从句与主句关系密切,去掉从句,主句意义不完整,甚至不合逻辑。
e.g.Iwastheonlypersoninourofficewhowasinvited.(去掉定语从句,意思就不完整)
2、非限制性定语从句:
从句对先行词关系不密切,去掉定从句,意思仍然完整。
形式上用逗号隔开,不能that用引导。
e.g.Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.
(who引导非限制性定语从句,整个句子可分成两句来翻译)
that与which的区别
1)用that而不用which的情况
1.当先行词是nothing,something,anything,all,each等不定代词时。
e.g.Doyouhaveanythingthatisimportanttotellme?
2.当先行词被all,any,some,no,not,every,each等修饰时。
e.g.Ihavesomebooksthatareverygood.
3.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。
e.g.ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtmyself.
ThebiggestbirdthatIcaughtisthisbird.
4.主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时
e.g.Whichisthebikethatyoulost?
Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting.
5.当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物.
e.g.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatshewas.
6.如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that.
e.g.Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.
7.在therebe句型中,只用that.
e.g.Heaskedforthelatestbook(that)thereisonthesubject.
8.当先行词被thevery,thelast,thenext,theonly等词修饰时。
e.g.ThisistheverybookthatIlostyesterday.
9.当先行词又有人又有物时。
e.g.Iwon’tforgetthethingsandthepersonsthatIsaw.
2)用which而不用that的情况:
①引导非限制性定语从句;
②指代前面整个主句的意思;
③介词+关系代词。
e.g.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.
Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.
找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分
1.Whatistheaddressofthefactorywhoseadvertisementwenoticedtheotherday.
2.Isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblackwithdisease.
3.ItwasameetingwhoseimportanceIdidn’trealizeatthetime.
4.TheGreatWallwasthefirstplacethatwenttovisitwhiletheywereinChina.
5.MissSmith,whoyoumetatourhouse,isgoingtomarryMr.Harry.
6.Hefailedintheexam,whichmadehisclassmatessurprised.
(三)关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时,介词常可以提前,但介词提前时,关系代词只能用which或whom
e.g.1.Themanisafamousrunner.Youtalkedtohimjustnow.
Themantowhomyoutalkjustnowisafamousrunner.
2.Thechairismadeofwood.Heissittingonitnow.
Thechaironwhichheissittingnowismadeofwood.
3.Heisalibraryassistant.Iborrowedsomebooksfromhim.
_________________________________________________________
4.Itisafamousschool.Hegraduatedfromit3yearsago.
_________________________________________________________
介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配,
Whoisthegirlwithwhomyoujustshookhands?
(shakehandswith…是习惯性搭配)
介词常受先行词的制约(即介词和先行词的搭配),
Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.(throughwhich即throughthetelescope)
有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配,不可以拆开,(lookaftertakecareoflookfor)
e.g.5.Heisthestudent./Theteachersarelookingforhim.
Heisthestudentwhotheteachersarelookingfor.
6.Thenumberofthechildrenis30./Shetakescareofthechildren.
Thenumberofthechildrenwhoshetakescareofis30.
找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分
1.Thisisthehouseaboutwhichwewrotetoyou.
2.WuDong,withwhomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.
3.Heusedtoliveinabighouseinfrontofwhichgrewmanybananatrees.
4.ThisisPeterinwhosehouseIhavelivedforfiveyears.
(四)关系副词:
whenwherewhy
当先行词是表示时间的名词,用when,在定语从句中充当时间状语,这时一般可以用介词+which来代替:
e.g.1.Iwillneverforgettheday./Iwenttouniversityonthatday.
Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIwenttouniversity.
2.Hestillrememberthemorning./Theearthquakehappenedonthatmorning.
______________________________________________________________
当先行词是表示地点的名词,用where,在定语从句中充当地点状语,这时一般可以用介词+which来代替:
e.g.3.Thisisthehouse./Heusedtoliveinthehouse.
Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichheusedtolive.
4.Iknowofaplaceinwhich/wherewecanswim
_____________________________________________________________
先行词是表示原因的名词,即reason,用why,在定语从句中充当原因状语,这时一般可以用for+which来代替:
e.g.5.Idon’tknowthereason./Hediditforthisreason.
Idon’tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidit.
6.Thereasonforwhich/whyhewasfiredwasnotclear..
Iwillneverforgettheday_which/that/不填___wespenttogetherinthecountryside
Iwillneverforgetthedays__duringwhich/when___westayedtogetherinthecountryside
Thisisthereason__that/which/不填_theytoldme
Thisisthereason_forwhich/why__heturnedthejob
f
找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分
1.Iknowaforestwhereyoucanfindwildstrawberries.
2.Isthereanyreasonwhyyoushouldhaveaholiday.
3.IwillshowyouthewaytotheFriendshipHotelwhereforeignvisitorsarestaying.
4.Besuretocallonusnexttimewhenyoucometotown.
5.WeshallneverforgetthedayswhenwewereunitedasonetofightagainsttheJapanese.
(5)注意点:
要注意判断关系词及关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
e.g.1.ThisisthehouseHevisitedityesterday.
Thisisthehouse.Heoncelivedinit.
Thisisthehousewhich/that//hevisitedyesterday.
Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichheoncelived.
2.Wewillremembertheday.Wespentthedaytogether.
___________________________________________________________
Wewillremembertheday.Weworkedonthisdaytogether.
___________________________________________________________
找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分
1.IwillshowyoutothefactorywhichproducesthiskindofTVsets.
2.Iwillshowyoutothefactorywherehehasworkedforfiveyears.
3.Iwillshowyoutothefactorywhoseworkersarealldisabledpeople.
4.Iwillshowyoutothefactorywhichyourfactoryoncevisitedfiveyearsago.
(六)定语从句时特别注意的几个问题
as引导定语从句时的用法
1.as引导限制性定语从句通常用于thesame…as,such…as结构中。
e.g.SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。
________________________________________________我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。
2.as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,用来修饰整个句子。
常用下列句型:
asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpect等。
e.g.AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination.正如我所预料的那样,他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。
关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。
e.g.ThemanwholivesdownstairsspeaksEnglishfluently.
ThestudentswhoareinGradeThreearegoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow.
Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotverygoodmarks.(one为先行词)
Heisoneofthestudentswhohavegotgoodmarksinthematch.(students为先行词)
定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词,中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。
e.g.ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcan’tunderstand.
引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词+which”来代替。
e.g.October1,1949wasthedayonwhich(=when)thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.
几个特殊的定语从句句型:
1.Isthisplacetheone(that)wevisitedyesterday?
Isthistheplace(that/which)wevisitedyesterday?
2.situation后常用where,inwhich引导定语从句:
Canyouimagineasituationwhere/inwhichyoucanusetheword?
3.way(方式,方法)后常用inwhich或that或省略来引导定语从句,也可省略:
Doyouknowtheway(inwhich/that/how)heworkedouttheproblem?
4.Hestoodatthewindow,fromwherehecouldseewhatwashappening.
Itmayrain,inwhichcasethematchwillbeputoff.
在限制性定语从句中,如果先行词作宾语时,引导词可以省略;但引导非限制性定语从句的引导词不能省,同时关系代词whom不能用who替换。
试比较:
TheAmericanjournalist(whom/who)theannouncermentionedinthenewsbroadcastissaidtohavebeenkilledbythegangsters.
播音员在新闻广播中提到的那位美国记者据说已经被匪徒杀害了。
Hewaseagertogotothehospitaltoseehisstepmother,whomhelovedandrespectedashisownmother.
找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分
1.Heisateacher,asisclearformhismanner.
2.Asisknowntoall,waterresourcesareverylimitedontheearth.
3.Heusedsuchexpressionsashecouldfindinthetexts.
4.Theystayedforthenightinthesameroomastheyhadoncerented
5.Idon’tlikethewayhespeaks.
6.HeisoneofthestudentswhoknowtheJapanese.
7.Heistheonlyoneof
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 定语 从句 讲解