初三英语寒假培优班第5讲.docx
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初三英语寒假培优班第5讲.docx
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初三英语寒假培优班第5讲
初三英语08寒假ChallengeFive
NameDateScore__________
Warm-upPuzzle
Whatisitthatappearsonceinasecond,onceinamonth,onceinacentury,yetnotatallinayearoraweek?
_____________________________________
StarringQuiz5
101.__U.S.A.liesontheothersideof___.
A.The;PacificB./;PacificC.The;thePacificD./;thePacific
102.Beyond___stars,theastronautscouldseenothingbut_____space.
A.the;/B./;theC.the;theD./;/
103.Heis___newcomerto___chemistrybuthehasmadeafewimportantdiscoveries.
A./,/B.a,/C.a,theD.the,the
104.Manyanimalshavelittleconnectionwith___animalsof___differentkindiftheydon’tkillthemforfood.
A.the;aB./;aC.the;theD./;the
105.___youngestthoughsheis,sheis____wisest.
A.the;theB./;/C./;theD.The;/
106.September10this____Teachers’Day.
A./B.aC.theD.an
107.Later,thechancetoenter_____cameandhetookit.
A.intocollegeB.tocollege
C.intothecollegeD.college
108.__Mr.Jonescalledwhileyouwereout.Hewasin_____verybadtemper.
A./;aB.A;/C.The;theD.A;a
109.Many___scientistwantstobe__secondNewton.
A.a;theB.a;aC./;aD./;the
110.When__NewYear’sEvearrives,Icanstillrememberthewonderfulnightin_______winterof2002.
A./;theB.a;theC./;aD.the;the
111.Whenitcomestobringingupchildren,somepeoplesay____disciplineproduces______happy,well-behavedchild.
A./;aB.the;aC.a;/D.a;a
112.Shethoughtit__greatexperienceassheenjoyedthebeautyof___nature.
A.a;/B.a;theC.the;/D.the;a
113.What___ofblooddoesJackhave?
A.sortB.typeC.categoryD.kind
114.Deer____mainlyongrass.
A.liveB.livesC.feedD.feeds
115.Whydidn’tyoucome?
Haven’tyou__________?
A.allowedB.promisedC.invitedD.agreed
116.Thisdictionaryis_____tomyreading,butthatoneis__________.
A.greathelp;helplessB.agreathelp;ofnouse
C.important;offewimportanceD.veryhelpful;ofnoanyuse
117.Wecanhope___thebestbutwemustprepare____theworstatthesametime.
A.for;forB.for;/C./;forD./;/
118.ProfessorWhitehasreceivedaletter___togivealectureinPekingUniversity.
A.tobeinvitedB.beinginvitedC.invitedD.invitinghim
119.The____inthesevillageshastogetitswaterfromwell-spring.
A.peopleB.villagersC.peasantsD.population
120.—WhereisyourChineseteacherfrom?
—I’mnotsure,buthisChinese____Hebei.
A.listensB.suggestsC.hearsD.sounds
121.Thebirdsflew___thedirectionofthesouth.
A.forB.inC.toD.towards
122.Sooncamethebadnews_____theshipsankwhenitsailed____thecoast.
A.that;offB.which;onC.that;awayD.which;along
123.IwasdisappointedwiththefilmIhadexpected__tobemuchbetter.
A.thatB.oneC.thisD.it
124.Strangelythestory___ispopular___theyoung.
A.madeup;withB.madeup;to
C.madeupof;withD.madeupof;to
125.Thecat____Mimibelongsto_____.
A.named;theGreen’sB.named;theGreens
C.namedbyGreenD.whosenamewas;theGreens
ReadingForum
Reading5
The facts
【Newwordsandexpressions】
★editor
n. 编辑
edit:
(v.)编辑
edition:
(n.)编辑
editorial:
(a)编辑的,主编的
(n.)社论,评论
★extreme
n. 极端
go to extreme(s) to do:
走极端
He went to extreme to say that the play was the best one.
He went to extremes to say that his girlfriend was the most beautiful in the world.
go from one extreme to the other
★statistics
n. 统计数字
★journalist
n. 新闻记者
reporter:
(电视台)记者
correspondent:
(电台)记者,通讯员
★president
n. 总统
★palace
n. 王宫;宏伟的住宅
★publish
v. 出版
They have already published the magazine
=print(vt.),go to press
The book has already been published.
The book has gone to press.
★fax
n. 传真
send a fax
★impatient
adj. 不耐烦的
patient :
有耐心的
patiently:
有耐心地
impatient:
不耐烦的
impatiently:
不耐烦地
n.:
patience,impatience
★fire
v. 解雇
He was fired from his job
dismiss(正式)
The manage dismissed him from his company.
sack(俚语)“解雇,辞退“
If you do it wrong again you will be sacked.
★originally
adv. 起初,原先,从前
original (a.)
【ReadingPassage】What was the consequence of the editor's insistence on facts and statistics?
Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their reader with unimportant facts and statistics. Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic. When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refuse to publish it. The article began:
'Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president's palace'. The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.
The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but the took a long time to send them Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press. He sent the journalist two more faxes, but received no reply. He sent yet another fax informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired. When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written. A week later, the editor at last received a fax from the journalist. Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well. However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he informed the editor that the he had been arrested while counting the 1,084 steps leading to the fifteen-foot wall which surrounded the president's palace.
GrammarFocus非谓语动词
(二)
非谓语动词的基本形式及基本功能
名称
形式
特点
功能
不定式
Todo
具有名词、形容词、副词、动词的一些特征
在句中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语,有形式变化
动名词
Doing(v+ing)
具有名词、形容词、动词的一些特征
在句中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语,有形式变化
分词
Doing(v+ing)
Done(v+ed
具有形容词、副词的一些特征
在句中可做表语、定语、状语、补足语,现在分词有形式变化
不定式
I.不定式的时态及语态
一般式todotobedone与谓语动作同时或
进行式tobedoing表示谓语的动作发生时,不定式的动作正在进行
完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone先于谓语动作的发生
II.不定式的否定结构:
nottodo//forsbnottodo
III.不定式的句法功能
1.主语
Toseeistobelieve.
Itisnoteasytolearnalanguagewell.(不定式作主语时往往用it做形式主语)
动词不定式做主语的常用句型
Itis+adj/n+todosth
Itis+adj+of/forsbtodosth
Ittakessbsometimetodo
Kind,clever,wise,nice形容词既表示人物特征,
Foolish,stupid,honest,又表示说话人对不定式
Right,correct,wrong,+ofsb动作的评价;形容词与
Rude,cruel,careless,介词宾语成主谓关系
Lazy,selfish,horrible
如:
It‘skindofyoutohelpme。
=Youarekindtohelpme。
Easy,hard,difficult
Possible,necessary,形容词说明不定式行为的
Important,essential,+forsb性质,与介词宾语不具有
Interesting,unusual,………..主谓关系
Interesting,natural
如:
It’seasyformetolearnEnglish.=TolearnEnglishiseasyforme.
2..表语
Myjobistoattendthechildren.
(不定式作表语时,如在它前出现了do,did,does时,不定式符号to可省掉,例:
whatyouhavetodothisafternoonis(to)lookafterthesickchild.)
3.定语
Ihavealotofworktodo.//Shehasnoplacetogo.
4.宾语
IhopetogotoDalianagain.
Ifinditinterestingtoplaytheviolin.(不定式作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语放到后面)
5.宾补
Theteachertoldustocleanthewindows.
Inoticedtheboygointotheshop.
注:
feel,listento,hear,see,watch,notice,observe,lookat,make,let,have等使役动词后宾语补足语时,不定式符号to要省略,但这些句子变为被动语态时,就必须带to符号.例:
Ioftenhearhimsingthissong.
Heisoftenheardtosingthissong.
6.状语
表示目的:
Igotupearlyto(inorderto/soasto)catchtheearlybus.
To/Inordertopasstheexam,heworkedhard.(soasto不能用于句首)
表示原因:
Wewereexcitedtohearthenews.
Iamsorrytohavehurtyou.
表示结果:
IhurriedhometofindMarywaitingforme.(不定式作结果状语时,常表示未预料之中的事,可在不定式前加only)
表示条件:
Tolookathim,youwouldlikehim.
修饰全句(独立成分)Totellyouthetruth,Ihavegotnomoneyaboutme.
Tobehonest,Iknownothingaboutit.
不定式做状语的常用句型
类别
句型
原因
Behappy/glad/pleased/
delighted/sorry….+todo
Sheseemedsurprisedtomeetus.
Helookedhappytohearthenews.
I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.
目的
Inordertodo
Soastodo
Go/comeanddosth
I’vewrittenitdowninordernottoforget.
Heshoutedandwavedsoastobenoticed.
Ifheshouldreturn,comeandfindme
结果
Soastodo…
Such…astodo…
Enoughtodo
Too…todo
Wouldyoubesokindastolandmeyourbike?
I’mnotsuchafoolishman/sofoolishmanastodothat.
Herillnessisnotsuchastocauseanxiety.
Theiceisthickenoughtowalkon.
Itwastoolatefortheretobeanytaxis.
注:
1)too+pleased/kind/willing/glad/eager/anxious…+todo的结构即不表示结果,也无否定含义.
Ishallbeonlytoopleasedtogethome(=Ishallbeverypleasedtogethome,)
It’stookindofyoutohavetoldmethat(=Youareverykindtohavetoldmethat.)
使用不定式时要注意以下几点:
1.在作tell,show,understand,explain,teach,advise,discuss等词的宾语时,前面常带疑问词(how,when,where,what,who…)
2.不定式在介词but后面时,如but前有do的各种形式,那么but后的to要省略,否则就要带to.另外在cannotbut,can’tchoosebut,can’thelpbut后面的to也省略.
Wecoulddonothingbutwait
Wehadnothingtodobutwait.
Wehadnochoicebuttowait.
3.作定语的不定式是不及物动词时,不定式后须有相应的介词,但如果所修饰的名词是time,place,way时,不定式后的介词习惯上省略.
Wehavetofindaroomtolivein.Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.
Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive.Wefoundawaytosolvetheproblems.
4.somethingiseasytodo类似句型中不定式不用被动形式.
Thereissomethingtodo/Thereissomethingtobedone0
5.what,when.Where,how.who…+todo可在句中做主语\宾语\表语.
动名词
I.形式:
V+ing
一般式doingbeingdone与谓语动作同时发生
完成式Havingdonehavingbeendone在谓语动作之前
否定结构Notdoing/nothavingdone
II.动名词的句法功能
1.主语
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