本科毕业设计煤矿环境定位检测系统外文翻译.docx
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本科毕业设计煤矿环境定位检测系统外文翻译.docx
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本科毕业设计煤矿环境定位检测系统外文翻译
附录A外文文献
ACoalMineEnvironmentalMonitorSystemwithLocalization
.RESEARCHSTATUS
Asanimportantenergy,coalplaysapivotalroleintheeconomicdevelopment.Coalminemonitoringsystem,istheimportantguaranteeforcoalminesafetyandhighefficiencyproduction.Inordertoensurethesafeoperation,theinstallationofenvironmentmonitoringnodeintunnelstoreal-timedetectionisveryimportant.However,commonlyusedtraditionalmonitoringnodewiredconnectiontoobtaincommunicationwiththecontrolsystem,thisnodeexistwiringdifficulties,expensiveandothershortcomings.Incontrast,wirelesssensornodecanbeeasilywithcurrentminemonitoringnetworkconnection,andgoodcompatibility,facilitateconstitutedminegasmonitoringnetwork,tosuitvarioussizeofmineapplications.Sincewirelessnodesarebatterypowered,socompletelyoutoftheshacklesofthecable,shortentheconstructionperiodcanbearrangedatanytimewheretheneedtouse.
TheZigbeewirelesscommunicationtechnologyisusedinthiscoalmineenvironmentalmonitorsystem.Thisisanewshort-range,lowcomplexity,lowpower,lowdatarate,low-costtwo-waywirelesscommunicationtechnology.Now,wirelesssensornetworkproductbasedonZigbeetechnologyarequantityandvariety,buttherealproductcanbeappliedinundergroundenvironmentsofspecialsensornodeisveryfew.Thesensornodethatwedesignedinthesystemistrulyabletoapplytoin-wellenvironment,itthroughthewirelesssensornodesecuritycertification.Atthesametime,duetothespecialnatureofthewirelessnetworkisthatitcanspreadthewirelesssignal,wecaneasilylocatestaffforcoalminesafetymonitoringprovidesmoreprotection.
.SYSTEMARCHITECTURE
Thissystemisacomprehensivemonitoringsystemwhichiscombinedwithsoftwareandhardware.Hardwarepartincludeswirelessmobilenodesandfixednodeswhichweredeployedintheundergroundtunnel,themainfunctionofthemistocollectcoalmineenvironmentdataandrequireperson’slocation.SoftwarepartreferstothePCmonitoringsoftwarewhichisdesignedinVC++isusedtosummarizeanddisplaythedataofeachnode.Monitoringnodeisdividedintomobilenodesandfixednodes;theyareusingZigbeeprotocolforwirelesstransmissionofdata.Becausethefixednodeisalsousingwirelessdatatransmissionmethod,soit'sdeployedintheundergroundroadwaybecomesveryconvenient.Asthemobilenodeiscarriedbytheminer,itmustbeusingwirelesstransmissionmethod.ThisallowstheminetoformatopologyofZigbeewirelesssensornetwork.Thefixednodeinwirelesssensornetworkisrouterdeviceandthemobilenodecarriedbymineristheenddevice.Normally,therouterofZigbeenetworkhasnosensorequipment;itisonlyresponsiblefordataforwarding.Butconsideringthepracticalapplication,webelievethataddsensordevicesontherouterwillbebetteronmonitoringundergroundcoalmineenvironment.Soinourdesign,therouteralsohasanenvironmentmonitoringfunctionwhichisusuallydesignedinenddevice.
Fixednodewillsentreceiveddatafrommobilenodetothegateway,thenthegatewaytransmitsdatatomonitorcomputerthroughRS232oropticalfiber.ThePCmonitorsoftwareinthecomputerwillprocessalldataanddisplaytheminavisualizationwindow.ThePCsoftwarealsocalculateseachmobilenode’sreal-timelocationthroughthespecificlocalizationalgorithm,accordingtothereceivedsignalstrength(RSSI)obtainedfrommobilenodes.
.NODEDESIGN
SincetheZigbeewirelessnetworkplatformsoldonpresentmarketwasdesignedforthegeneralenvironment,forspecialundergroundsotheyarenotsuitablefortheenvironment.Therefore,weneedtocustomizethesystemforundergroundenvironmentwhitaspecialhardwarecircuit.NodephotoareshowninFig.1
ThenwirelessmicrocontrollerCC2530chipisthecoreprocessorofthenodedevice,itcanconstituteaZigbeenetworkwithveryfewperipheralcircuits.TheCC2530isanIEEE802.15.4complianttrueSystem-on-Chip,supportingtheproprietary802.15.4marketaswellastheZigbee,ZigbeePRO,andZigbeeRF4CEstandards.Unlikeotherwirelesschip,CC2530built-in8051monolithicintegratedcircuitskernel,thereforewenolongerneedtouseasingleMCUtocontrolthecircuit,andthissaveusalotofcost.
A.MobileNode
ThemobilenodeistheenddeviceofaZigbeenetworkthatcanbecarriedbyminer;itshouldbeaportableandlowpowerconsumptionnode.Sothemobilenodewedesignedisonlyassmallasamobilephone,anditisbybuilt-inlithiumionbatterypowersupply.Inpowerloss,thecoreprocessorCC2530isalowpowerconsumptionchip,whenitisinthesleepmode,itonlyneedtouselessthen1uAworkcurrent.Inordertoreducepowerconsumptionasmuchaspossibleonthedisplay,a100*32pixelmatrixwithnobacklightingLCDscreenwasused.Thebattery’scapacityofthemobilenodeis1500mAh,soitisenoughtomeettheminer’slonghourworksintheunderground.ThebatterychargemanagementchipisTP4057,themaximumchargecurrentcanupto500Ma.
ThemobilenodecircuitincludesthegasconcentrationsensorMJ4.0andtemperaturesensorPT-1000.Asfarasweknow,manywirelesssensorplatformsusethedigitaltypesensor.ThecommunicationbetweenthedigitalsensorandtheMCUneedstricttimingrequirements.Butconsideringtheactualapplication,thewirelessMCUusuallyhasareal-timeoperatingsystemingeneral,ifweusethemicrocomputertosimulatethestricttiming,itwillaffectthereal-timeofwholeoperatingsystem.Thesetwosensorsoutputanalogsignalsnotdigitalsignals.Onlyinputthissignalintoadifferentialamplifier,canwegetanappropriatesignalthatcanbeconvertedtoadigitalsignalbyanADCmodewithintheCC2530chip.Inordertofacilitatethecarrying,externalantennawasnotusedinourmobilenode,insteadofusinga2.4GHzpatchantenna.Andwecustomizeashelllikeacellphonesize;itisenoughtoputallPCBs,sensorsandbatteryinit.Takingintoaccountthesmallshelloftheexplosiveperformanceisnotverygood,thedesignofPCBsandtheselectionofcomponentareallcarriedoutthesafetyassessment.
B.FixedNode
Fixednodeisinstalledinthewalloftheundergroundtunnel.Becauseitisbigthanthemobilenode,itisnotappropriatetocarryaround.Thecircuitofthefixednodeisalmostsamewiththemobilenode,italsouseaCC2530chipascoreprocessor.Becauseofundergroundtunnelsgenerallydeploywithpowercable,fixednodescanusecablepower-supplymodes.Atthesametime,becauseweusewirelesssignaltransmission,thedeploymentofnewfixednodesbecomeveryconvenient,whichalsoresolvestheproblemofthesignallinesdeployment.
Asafixednode,theminorwhoisdoingworkmayfarfromit,inordertofacilitatetheminersobservedenvironmentaldataaroundthefixednodes,itusesLEDdigitaldisplay.Atthesametime,thelargecurrentLEDlightsandbuzzeraredesignedinthecircuit;itmakesthefixednodewiththefunctionofsound-lightalarm.Consideringthatitmayoccurtheemergencyofwithoutelectricity,fixednodealsobuilt-inalithium-ionbattery.Undernormalconditions,lithium-ionbatteryisinchargingstatus,whenexternalcabledisconnect,fixednodeisautomaticswitchedtobatterypower,whichcanensurethemobilenodecandelivertheinformationthroughfixednodesinunderground.
Withoutregardingtofixednodes’portability,wehaveacustomizedshellthathasexcellentexplosionproperties,andtheinternalspaceisenoughtoholddownthe2.4GHzantenna.Toensuresafety,allcablesandthelocationofsensorsareplacedwithparticulargluesealed,sothatithasagoodseal.
.POSITIONINGFUNCTION
Oneoftheimportantfunctionsofthewirelesssensornetworksislocalization,especiallyintheundergroundtunnel,itrelatestothesafeoftheminer'slife.CurrentlymostwidelyusedorientationmethodisGPSsatellitepositioning,itisahighprecision,all-weatherandglobalmultifunctionalsystemwiththefunctionofradionavigation,positioningandtiming.ButtheGPSpositioningmethodisnotsuitablefortheundergroundworkenvironmentofcoalmine,onceyouentertheunderground,itcannotreceivesatellitesignal,thusunabletoachievetargeting.Weneedtoconsiderhowtousewirelessnetworktorealizepositioningfunction,meansusingwirelesssignalbetweenthecommunicationsofdevicesforpositioning.Theexistingdistancemeasuringtechnologybetweenthewireless-devicesbasicallyisthefollowingkindsofmethods:
TOA,TDOA,AOAandRSSI.
AbouttheTOAmethod,thedistancebetweenthetwodevicesisdeterminedbytheproductofthespeedoflightandtransmissiontime.Althoughtheprecisionofthismethodisaccurate,butitrequireaprecisetimesynchronization,soitdemandhardwareishigher.
TDOAtechnologyneedultrasonicsignal,whichissettingonanodewithreceiveandtransmitfunction.Whenmeasurethedistance,itcansentultrasonicwaveandwirelesssignalstogether.Bymeasuringthedifferencebetweentwosignalsarrivaltime,wecancalculatethedistancebetweentwodevices.Usingthismethodcanalsoobtainaccurateresult,butthemethodneedtoincreaseultrasonicsendingandreceivingdeviceonthenodecircuit,itwillincreasecost.
AOAtechnologyneedstoinstallmultipleantennasthroughthenodessoitcanobtainadjacentnodes’signalsondeferentdirections.Withthisitcandeterminethelocationinformationfromnumberofadjacentnodesandcalculateitsownposition.Thismethodnotonlyneedtoaddadditionalhardware,butalsoit'sstillveryvulnerabletoexternaldisturbance,thereforeit'snotsuitableforutilize.
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