英语六级深度阅读真题及答案.docx
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英语六级深度阅读真题及答案.docx
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英语六级深度阅读真题及答案
2012年6月英语六级
SectionB
Directions:
Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Asanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-settinggenerallyproducesthebestresults.That'spartiallybecauseitappearspeoplewhosetrealisticgoalsactuallyworkmoreefficiently,andexertmoreeffort,toachievethosegoals.
What'sfarlessunderstoodbyscientists,however,arethepotentiallyharmfuleffectsofgoal-setting.
Newspapersrelaydailyaccountsofgoal-settingprevalentinindustriesandbusinessesupanddownbothWallStreetandMainStreet,yettherehasbeensurprisinglylittleresearchonhowthelong-trumpetedpracticeofsettinggoalsmayhavecontributedtothecurrenteconomiccrisis,andunethical(不道德的)behavioringeneral.
“Goalsarewidelyusedandpromotedashavingreallybeneficialeffects.Andyet,thesamemotivationthatcanpushpeopletoexertmoreeffortinaconstructivewaycouldalsomotivatepeopletobemorelikelytoengageinunethicalbehaviors,”saysMauriceSchweitzer,anassociateprofessoratPenn’sWhartonSchool.
“Itturnsoutthere’snoeconomicbenefittojusthavingagoal---youjustgetapsychologicalbenefit”Schweitzersays.“Butinmanycases,goalshaveeconomicrewardsthatmakethemmorepowerful.”
AprimeexampleSchweitzerandhiscolleaguesciteisthe2004collapseofenergy-tradinggiantEnron,wheremanagersusedfinancialincentivestomotivatesalesmentomeetspecificrevenuegoals.Theproblem,Schweitzersays,istheactualtradeswerenotprofitable.
Otherstudieshaveshownthatsaddlingemployeeswithunrealisticgoalscancompelthemtolie,cheatorsteal.Suchwasthecaseintheearly1990swhenSearsimposedasalesquotaonitsautorepairstaff.Itpromptedemployeestooverchargeforworkandtocompleteunnecessaryrepairsonacompanywidebasis.
Schweitzerconcedeshisresearchrunscountertoaverylargebodyofliteraturethatcommendsthemanybenefitsofgoal-setting.Advocatesofthepracticehavetakenissuewithhisteam’suseofsuchevidenceasnewsaccountstosupporthisconclusionthatgoal-settingiswidelyover-prescribed
Inarebuttal(反驳)paper,Dr.EdwinLockewrites:
“Goal-settingisnotgoingaway.Organizationscannotthrivewithoutbeingfocusedontheirdesiredendresultsanymorethananindividualcanthrivewithoutgoalstoprovideasenseofpurpose.”
ButSchweitzercontendsthe“mountingcausalevidence”linkinggoal-settingandharmfulbehaviorshouldbestudiedtohelpspotlightissuesthatmeritcautionandfurtherinvestigation.“Evenafewnegativeeffectscouldbesolargethattheyoutweighmanypositiveeffects,”hesays.
“Goal-settingdoeshelpcoordinateandmotivatepeople.Myideawouldbetocombinethatwithcarefuloversight,astrongorganizationalculture,andmakesurethegoalsthatyouusearegoingtobeconstructiveandnotsignificantlyharmtheorganization,”Schweitzersays.
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
52.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyaboutgoal-setting?
D
A)Itsnegativeeffectshavelongbeenneglected.
B)Thegoalincreasepeople’sworkefficiency.
C)Itsrolehasbeenlargelyunderestimated.
D)Thegoalsmostpeoplesetareunrealistic.
53.WhatdoesMauriceSchweitzerwanttoshowbycitingtheexampleofEnron?
A
A)Settingrealisticgoalscanturnafailingbusinessintosuccess.
B)Businessesarelesslikelytosucceedwithoutsettingrealisticgoals.
C)Financialincentivesensurecompaniesmeetspecificrevenuegoals.
D)Goalswithfinancialrewardshavestrongmotivationalpower.
54.HowdidSears’goal-settingaffectitsemployees?
B
A)Theywereobligedtoworkmorehourstoincreasetheirsales.
B)Theycompetedwithoneanothertoattractmorecustomers.
C)Theyresortedtounethicalpracticetomeettheirsalesquota.
D)Theyimprovedtheircustomerserviceonacompanywidebasis.
55.Whatdoadvocatesofgoal-settingthinkofSchweitzer’sresearch?
B
A)Itsfindingsarenotofmuchpracticalvalue.
B)Itexaggeratesthesideeffectsofgoal-setting.
C)Itsconclusionisnotbasedonsolidscientificevidence.
D)Itrunscountertotheexistingliteratureonthesubject.
56.WhatisSchweitzer’scontentionagainstEdwinLocke?
A
A)Thelinkbetweengoal-settingandharmfulbehaviordeservesfurtherstudy.
B)Goal-settinghasbecometoodeep-rootedincorporateculture.
C)Thepositiveeffectsofgoal-settingoutweighitsnegativeeffects.
D)Studyinggoal-settingcanthrowmorelightonsuccessfulbusinesspractices.
PassageTwo
Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Formostofthe20thcentury,Asiaaskeditselfwhatitcouldlearnfromthemodern,innovatingWest.Nowthequestionmustbereversed.WhatcantheWest’soverlyindebtedandsluggish(经济滞长的)nationslearnfromaflourishingAsia?
Justafewdecadesago,Asia’stwogiantswerestagnating(停滞不前)underfaultyeconomicideologies.However,onceChinabeganembracingfree-marketreformsinthe1980s,followedbyIndiainthe1990s,bothcountriesachievedrapidgrowth.Crucially,astheyopeneduptheirmarkets,theybalancedmarketeconomywithsensiblegovernmentdirection.AstheIndianeconomistAmartyaSenhaswiselysaid,“Theinvisiblehandofthemarkethasoftenreliedheavilyonthevisiblehandofgovernment.”
ContrastthismiddlepathwithAmericaandEurope,whichhaveeachgoneideologicallyover-boardintheirownways.Sincethe1980s,Americahasbeenincreasinglyclingingtotheideologyofuncontrolledfreemarketsanddismissingtheroleofgovernment---followingRonaldRegan’sideathat“governmentisnotthesolutiontoourproblem;governmentistheproblem.“Ofcourse,whenthemarketscamecrashingdownin2007,itwasdecisivegovernmentinterventionthatsavedtheday.Despitethisfact,manyAmericansarestillstronglyopposedto“biggovernment.”
IfAmericanscouldonlyfreethemselvesfromtheirantigovernmentdoctrine,theywouldbegintoseethattheAmerica’sproblemsarenotinsoluble.Afewsensiblefederalmeasurescouldputthecountrybackontherightpath.Asimpleconsumptiontaxof,say,5%wouldsignificantlyreducethecountry’shugegovernmentdeficitwithoutdamagingproductivity.AsmallgasolinetaxwouldhelpfreeAmericafromitsdependenceonoilimportsandcreateincentivesforgreenenergydevelopment.Inthesameway,asignificantreductionofwastefulagriculturalsubsidiescouldalsolowerthedeficit.Butinordertotakeadvantageofthesecommon-sensesolutions,Americanswillhavetoputasidetheirownattachmenttotheideaofsmallergovernmentandlessregulation.AmericanpoliticianswillhavetodevelopthecouragetofollowwhatistaughtinallAmericanpublic-policyschools:
thattherearegoodtaxesandbadtaxes.Asiancountrieshaveembracedthiswisdom,andhavebuiltsoundlong-termfiscal(财政的)policiesasaresult.
Meanwhile,Europehasfallenpreytoadifferentideologicaltrap:
thebeliefthatEuropeangovernmentswouldalwayshaveinfiniteresourcesandcouldcontinueborrowingasiftherewerenotomorrow.UnliketheAmericans,whofeltthatthemarketsknewbest,theEuropeansfailedtoanticipatehowthemarketswouldreacttotheirendlessborrowing.Today,theEuropeanUnioniscreatinga$580billionfundtowardoffsovereigncollapse.ThiswillbuytheEUtime,butitwillnotsolvethebloc’slargerproblem.
57.WhathascontributedtotherapideconomicgrowthinChinaandIndia?
D
A)Copyingwestern-styleeconomicbehavior.
B)Heavyrelianceonthehandofgovernment.
C)Timelyreformofgovernmentatalllevels.
D)Freemarketplusgovernmentintervention.
58.WhatdoesRonaldReaganmeanbysaying“governmentistheproblem”(line4,Para.3)?
B
A)Manysocialevilsarecausedbywronggovernmentpolicies.
B)Manysocialproblemsarisefromgovernment’sinefficiency.
C)Governmentactioniskeytosolvingeconomicproblems.
D)Governmentregulationhinderseconomicdevelopment.
59.WhatstoppedtheAmericaneconomyfromcollapsingin2007?
B
A)Self-regulatoryrepairmechanismsofthefreemarket.
B)Cooperationbetweenthegovernmentandbusinesses.
C)Abandonmentofbiggovernmentbythepublic.
D)Effectivemeasuresadoptedbythegovernment.
60.Whatistheauthor’ssuggestiontotheAmericanpublicinfaceofthepublicgovernmentdeficit?
D
A)Theyurgethegovernmenttoreviseitsexistingpublicpolicies.
B)Theydevelopgreenenergytoavoiddependenceonoilimport.
C)Theygiveuptheideaofsmallergovernmentandlessregulation.
D)Theyputupwiththeinevitablesharpincreaseofdifferenttaxes.
61.What’stheproblemwiththeEuropeanUnion?
D
A)Conservativeideology.
B)Shrinkingmarket.
C)Lackofresources.
D)Excessiveborrowing.
2012年12月六级英语
PassageOne
Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Amidallthejoblosses,there’sonecategoryofworkerthattheeconomicdisruptionhasbeengoodfor:
nonhumans.
Fromself-servicecheckoutlinesatthesupermarkettoindustrialrobotsarmedwithsawsandtaughttocarveupanimalbodiesinslaughter-houses,theseever-more-intelligentmachinesarenownotjustassistingworkersbutactuallykickingthemoutoftheirjobs.
Automationisn’tjustaffectingfactoryworkers,either.Somelawfirmsnowuseartificialintelligencesoftwaretoscanandreadmountainsoflegaldocu
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