高考英语短文改错题型考点梳理与练习.docx
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高考英语短文改错题型考点梳理与练习.docx
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高考英语短文改错题型考点梳理与练习
2019高考英语短文改错题型考点梳理与练习
例题:
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处;每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:
在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:
把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:
在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改的词。
注意:
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Mr.andMrs.Zhangallworkinourschool.Theylivefarfromtheschool,andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestinginplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.Theyoftengetupearlierandwaterthevegetablestogether.Theyhavealsoboughtforsomegardeningtools.Beside,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheinternet.Whensummercame,theywillinvitetheirstudentspickthevegetables!
通过以上的改错练习我们发现:
短文改错共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处错误,每处错误只涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加(1-2处)在缺词处添加一个漏字符号,并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除(1-2处)把多余的词用斜线划掉。
修改(6-8处)把错的词下面划一横线,并在该词下面写上要修改的词。
短文改错的考点是:
名词,动词,形容词和副词,连词,冠词,代词,介词。
考点一:
名词
1.Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.
2.IhavevisitedtheGreatWallforseveraltime.
考点:
可数名词与不可数名词的误用
常考的不可数名词:
advice,news,progress,weather,homework,air,fun(快乐),furniture(家具),information,work,harm(伤害),traffic(交通),trouble(麻烦),joy(令人高兴的事),danger(危险),baggage(luggage),equipment(仪器),luck(运气),knowledge(知识),scenery(风景,景色)
3.Therearebranchlibraryinmanyvillages.
考点:
可数名词单复数的错用。
如何判断为名词的单数还是复数;
(1)看谓语动词单复数
(2)看名词前的限定词:
a/an(可数名词单数),some,many,various,lotsof/alotof,several及数量词(可数名词复数)
(3)根据句意、句型及常识。
4.Tomydelighted,Ipasstheexam.
考点:
词性的转换。
用n的情况:
(1)nandn,
(2)(a/an/the)+adj.+n,(3)介词+n,(4)a/an/the+n,
(5)形容词性物主代词+n(6)序数词+n
5.Goodhealthisapersonmostvaluablepossession.
考点:
名词的格的误用。
(1)根据句意,
(2)注意形式:
’s(单数)s’(复数)
相关练习题:
1.Every year many tourist come here to enjoy its beautiful scenery and rich culture.
2.Throughtheprogram,welearnedtouseknowledgegainedinclasstosolveproblem.3. Nowadays with modern life going rapidly, many people suffer from different kind of diseases, both mentally
and physically.
4.I’d like to give you some advices on how to learn Chinese well.
5.On arainy day I was walking home with one of my friend, a truck came to a stop beside us.
6.Politewordsareoneoftheexample.
7.Of course,it’s stronglyprohibited tobuyorsell anythingmade of antelopesfur.
8.ShetoldmethatIdidn'tneedtoworryaboutmakingmistakesbecauseIcouldfindoutmyshortcomingsthroughmymistake.
9.OfallthebookIhaveread,Chickensoupforthesoulismyfavorite.
10.EveryonepraisedAhBaoforhisbraveandkindness.
考点二:
动词
1.WhenIwasachild,Iihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.
2.Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandleft.
通过以上,我们发现动词的考查有两种方式:
谓语动词和非谓语动词。
(一)谓语动词的考查
1.AsItellyoulasttime,Imadethreenewfriendshere.
2.Manyoverpasseshavesetup,soithasbecomeveryconvenientforpeopletotravel.
3.Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.
考点:
谓语动词会考查时态、语态、主谓一致三个方面。
时态:
一般现在时do/does(sometimes,oftenusually,........)
一般过去式did(yesterday/lastyear......./......ago)
一般将来时willdo/am,isaregoingtodo/am,isareabouttodo(tomorrow,/nextyear......)
现在进行时am/is/aredoing
过去进行时was/weredoing
现在完成时has/havedone(lately/recently/sofar/uptonow/untilnow/inthefewyears/since)
过去完成时haddone
过去将来时woulddo
判断句子的时态:
(1)根据时间状语来决定,
(2)上下文的时态,(3)从句中时态体一致,(4)根据句意
语态:
主动语态与被动语态的误用(删除be或添加be或改变时态)
被动语态:
一般现在时am/is/aredone一般过去时was/weredone
一般将来时willbedone现在进行时am/is/arebeingdone
过去进行时was/werebeingdone现在完成时has/havebeendone
过去完成时hadbeendone
主谓一致:
找准主语和谓语动词,判断两者人称和数是否一致。
(1)主谓不一致就近原则:
therebe,or,notonly....butalso,neither.....nor....
就远原则:
with,alongwith,aswellas,ratherthan
定语从句中的主谓一致:
与先行词保持一致
manya+n,morethan+n,each,every谓语用单数
anumberof/thenumberof
(2)第三人称单数形式的错用:
看主语是否为第三人称单数;是否为doing或todo作主语:
是否为从句作主语
(3)缺少动词,特别是be动词,注意therebe句型
相关练习:
1. Mydreamschoolstartsat8:
00amandendsat3:
00pm.Theyarethreelessonsinthemorningandtwointheafternoon.We didn’t need to do so much homework. Therefore, we have more time with after-schoolactivities.
2.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.
3.We must found ways to protect our environment.
4.Tony was scared and begun to cry.
5.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.
6. In the mornings, it was full of students exercising. The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid.
Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around it.
7.My mum makes the best biscuits in the world, so I decide to ask her for help. Mum taught me some basic steps of
baking. I insisted on doing most of the baking myself.
8.Then,italsohelptowatchTVandreadbooks.
9. If you are me,would you talk to him?
10.Since then --- for all these years --- we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.
(二)非谓语动词的考查
考点:
主要考查非谓语动词的判定及形式的选择。
回忆:
非谓语动词如何判定
非谓语动词的形式:
todo目的,将来,主动tobedone将来,被动
doing进行,主动beingdone进行;被动
done完成,被动havingdone完成,主动havingbeendone完成,被动
具体考点:
1.动名词作主语(动词作主语,通常用doing的形式,注意主谓一致)
2.介词+doing作宾语(常见介词:
on,in,at,of,for,about,with,without,after,before等)
3.And连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(根据语境或语义进行调整)
4.作定语、状语时的主动被动关系(找准逻辑主语)
注意:
doing和done之间的转化,havingdone和havingbeendone之间的转化
5.todo不定式to的删除与添加(使役动词加不带to的不定式,在被动语态中还原to)
6.固定搭配:
跟todo形式的词:
decide,learn,want,plan,manage,pretend,offer,promise,agree等
跟doing形式的词:
avoid,enjoy,mind,imagine,appreciate,lookforwardto,insiston,can’thelp等
相关练习:
1.WhenIwasachild,Ispentmorethantenyearslearntheviolin.
2.Hebecamemyfirstguitarteacher.Ittookmesuchalongtimechooseaguitaramongseveralwonderfulmodels.
3.IwonthefirstprizeintheEnglishspeechcompetitionholdinourschoollastyear.
4.Dressinginallpinkfromheadtotoe,hewassingingasongwhichsoundedlikeakid’ssong.
5.Uponyourarrival,therewillbeapartyforyouorganizingbymyclassmates.
6.Thankyousomuchfornotonlygivingmelife,butalsoteachmehowtobeagoodperson.
7.SoonDad’sfriendscametoourrescue,restartourcarwithnewbatteries.
8.Makeaspeechusedtobeabigproblemforme.
9.Droppedthethingshehadboughttotheground,heranawayrapidly.Howdangerousitwas!
10.Havingbeenseenthefilm,everyonewasdeeplymoved.
考点三:
形容词和副词
1.I’mverytiring.
考点:
注意v-ed和v-ing形式的形容词的用法,
-ed修饰人,-ing修饰物
2.Theglobalwarminghasbecomeaveryseriouslyproblem.
3.Wecanhearbirdssinginghappyallround.
考点:
词性的误用
用adj.的情况:
(1)形容词修饰n
(2)be+adj.(3)感官动词(feel,taste,sound,smell,look)+adj.
(4)联系动词+adj.(keep,stay,remain,become,turn)
(5)adjandadj(6)adv.+adj.
用adv.的情况:
(1)adv.修饰v.adj,adv.
(2)adv.放在句首或句末
(3)并列adv.(4)adv.单独使用(however,moreover,besides,otherwise......)
1.IlearnedthatIhadtobemorepatientandlittleaggressive.
考点:
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
用比较级的情况:
(1)比较级+than
(2)比较级and比较级
(3)否定式+比较级=最高级(4)the+比较级+主谓,the+比较级+主谓
用最高级的情况:
(1)the+最高级
(2)oneofthe+最高级
相关练习:
1.Recentstudiesshowthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakebreaksregular.
2.He liked it so verymuch that he quickly walkedintotheshop.
3.Mom said,“How nice to see you again!
DadandIwereterribleworried.”
4.On the left-hand side of the class,Icouldeasysee the footballfield.
5. I insisted on doing most of thebakingmyself. I thoughtthebiscuitswerereallywell.
6.Nearly five years before, with the help of my father, my sisterand I grew some cherry tomatoesin our back garden.
7.My mum makes the better biscuits in theworld.
8.We are growing wonderfullytomatoesatnocost!
9.The teachers here are kindandhelpfully.
10.I noticed that thecarriage wasnoiseandfilledwithpeople.
考点四:
连词
1.Wetriedtofixitandtherewasnothingwecoulddo.
2.Hefoundwherehisparentsweremissing.
通过以上可知连词的考查分为并列连词和从属连词。
(一)从属连词:
定语从句/名词性从句/状语从句(主要考查引导词的选择)
(1)定语从句:
修饰名词和代词的从句,分为限制性和非限制性
引导词:
that,which,who,whom,whose,as,when,where,why
(2)名词性从句:
从句在整个句子中充当名词的作用
分类:
主语从句:
从句作主语;it作形式主语
宾语从句:
跟在vt和介词之后的从句;it作形式宾语
表语从句:
跟在系动词之后的从句
同位语从句:
解释说明名词和代词的从句
引导词:
that,whether/if,what,who,which,whom,whose,when,where,whyhow以及+ever
(3)状语从句:
常用引导词:
when,while,if,unless,before,after,once,since,for,sothat,incase,aslongas,until,evenif等
常考句型:
(1)bedoing......when....
(2)beabouttodo.......when.....(3)hadjustdone......when
(4)nosooner....than(5)hardly/scarcely..........when\before
(二)并列连词:
andbutor的相互转化
(1)根据句意选择;
(2)根据并列连词词组选择
notonly......butalso.....not......but......neither....nor....either.....or.........aswellas
需要注意:
(1)两个连词不能同时使用,如andso.
(2)两个句子不能都用连词。
(3)只有一个句子时不能用从属连词。
(4)although/but不连用,because/so不连用。
相关练习:
1.Infact,Idon'tliketogoanymore,andI'mafraidI'lllosetheirfriendship.
2.Assoonaswearrived,sowedroppedthelinesintothewater.
3.Itissocoldthatyoucan'tgooutsideiffullycoveredinthickclothes.
4.Ifyoumissthischance,itmaybeyearssinceyougetanotherone.
5.Actually,theLondonOlympicParkisbuiltwhereverthereusedtobeapoorareacalledEastLondon.
6.Mysuggestionisweshouldhaveadiscussionaboutthismatterinsteadofjustlyingitaside.
7.Wearethinkingaboutwhomcanbeadmittedintoourclub.Thenumberofmemberislimited.
8.Shelistensattentivelyandtriestocatcheverythingwhichtheteacherssayinclass.
9.Apassengerrealizedhecouldn'tfindhisticketbutbecamequiteupset.
10.Astimewenton,IrealizedwhatridiculousIhadbeenatthattime.
11.Herperformancesonthestagewereperfect,thatmadealotofpeopleadmireher.
12.Weallconsiderimportantthatchildrenshouldtakeplentyofmilkastheygrow.
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