英语论文写作指导 仅供参考.docx
- 文档编号:25231922
- 上传时间:2023-06-06
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:31
- 大小:37.01KB
英语论文写作指导 仅供参考.docx
《英语论文写作指导 仅供参考.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语论文写作指导 仅供参考.docx(31页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
英语论文写作指导仅供参考
英语论文写作课复习资料(仅供参考)
Lecture1Generalintroduction
1.Thebasicconceptofacademicresearchpaperwriting
Theconcept:
“Research”---somethingnew,somethingofsignificance,somethingthatcanpromotescholarship,scienceandtechnology,productivityandhumangrowth,forthebettermentofthewell-beingofmankind.
2.Characteristicsofacademicpaper
A.Scientific---basedonscientifictheoriesandobjectivedata,andtheproblemisapproachedwithascientificattitudeandmethodology.Theconclusionisbackedupbyreliableevidence,theanalysisorexpositionislogicallysound.
B.Scholarly---moreorlesstheoreticalandconcernedwithacademicmatters.Thesubjectunderdiscussionorinvestigationandtheconclusiontobedrawnareacademicallysignificant.
C.Original---anewperspectiveormethod,developsnewargumentsorconclusions,orevenmakesabreakthroughinacertainfield.
Thegraduationpaperisaspecialformofacademicpapercharacterizedbybeingscholarly,scientificandoriginaltothegreatestextentpossible.
3.Thestyleofacademicwriting
A.Formalbecauseitiswritteninstandardlanguageandinformalstyledevoidofcontractions,ellipses,slangywords,vulgarisms,etc.
B.Substantialbecauseitdealswithacademicallyimportantandseriousissuesandisofsubstanceandlength.
C.Well-documentedbecauseitrigidlyfollowstherulesofcitationanddocumentationwithallborrowedideasorfactsfullyacknowledgedinthenotesandbibliography.
4.Therequirementsofanacademicpaper.
1)Ascientificattitude,arigorousstudystyle,acreativemind,andagreatcouragetoexploreunknownacademicareas,discoveringorsolvingproblemsintheacademicorscientificfields.
2)Basicknowledgeofacademicresearch---itsnature,value,andsignificance,essentialfeatures,techniquesandmethods,etc.Tolearnmoreabouttheacademiccircleandthesocietybysearchingthroughallsortsofreferencematerialsoriginatinginacademicandsocialstudies.
3)Toknowaboutscholarship,suchashowtofindsubjectstoinvestigate,howtocollectandevaluatesourcematerials,howtodeveloptheirownideas.
5.Componentspartsofanacademicpaper
1)EnglishtitleandChinesetitleofyourpaper
2)AbstractbothinEnglishandinChineseandkeywords
3)KeywordsinEnglishandChinese
4)Contents
5)Introduction
6)Materialsandmethodsusedintheresearch(theories,tools,approaches,etc.)
7)Factsandfiguresintheanalysis,prosandconsintheargumentationorpointsofviewintheexposition;
8)Researchresultsorfindings;
9)Conclusion.
6.Thestepsofpaperwriting
1)Choosingatopic:
atentativetopic,apreliminarythesisstatement
2)Makingathesisproposal:
3)Datacollectionandevaluation:
aworkingbibliography
4)Thesisformulation(presentationorstatement)
5)Organizationofideas;
6)Writingandrevisingofthepaper;
7)Finalizingofthepaper.
Researchpaperwritingaremoreoftenwithstartsandstops,setbacksandreverses,evendeadends,especiallyinthepreparatorystages.Itisonlyafterconstantefforts,repeatedmodificationsandalternationsthatyoucometoasatisfactoryendandgeteverythingfinalized.
7.Startworkingonyourthesis:
1)Beclearaboutyouraimsandintention:
whattoinvestigateorresearchinto,whattowriteabout.
2).Chooseagoodtopic:
atentativetopic,narrowingyourfocusonlyononeoftheissues,toanappropriatetopic,consideringyourcapability,limitoftime,limitofreferencesyoucanfind.
Youmaybeginbyinquiringintowhatisknowntopeopleonacertainsubject;thenbymakingcomparisonsorcontrastsandpassingjudgment,youperceiveloopholes,inaccuracies,errorsorfallacies;byanalyzingthecorrectandtheincorrect,youdrawconclusionsofyourownanddevelopsomenewideasorviewsonthetopicunderdiscussion.
3)Reading:
doingextensiveandintensivereading,evaluatingsourcematerialsandtakingnotesofimportantandrelevantinformationorpointsofviewinyourreading.Sortingoutusefulmaterialsyouhavecollectedanddevelopingyourideas.
4)Writinganoutline:
planthepaperwithgreatcareanddrawagoodoutline,organizingyourthoughtsforthewritingofthepaperwithunity,coherenceclarityandaccuracy.
5)Followthewritingconventionsandpaperformatstrictly:
attachcarefullyandcorrectlymadenotesandbibliographytotheendofthepaper,documentingproperlythesourcesyouhavemadeuseof.
6)Guardagainstplagiarism:
makingofnotesandbibliography.
Lecture2Howtochooseatopic
Tochooseatopicisthefirststepofpreparationforyourresearchandresearchpaperwriting.
Youmustdecideonwhattoresearchintoandwhattowriteabout,namely,todiscoverthesubjectforyourresearchandchoosethetopicforyourresearchpaper.
1.Thetwobroadtypes:
Researchareasmaybedividedintotwobroadtypes:
theoreticalandpractical.
Thetheoreticaltypeistheory-oriented.
Thepracticalisapplication-oriented.
Theoryandpracticealwayswalkhandinhand,andinfacttheyareusuallycombinedinpapers,whichmaybemoretheoreticalorpractical.
2.AcademicareasfortheEnglishmajorsofouruniversity
TherearefiveareasforresearchandconfineyourtopicstoEnglish-relatedareasandsubjectsaslistedbelow:
1)TheAreaofLanguagestudies(linguistics),includingEnglishmorphology,syntax,semantics,etymology,rhetoric,stylistics,pragmatics,allbranchesofEnglishlinguisticsandtheircomparisonswiththeChinesecounterparts;
PurelanguagestudyofEnglishonitsstructureandelementssuchaspeculiarities,phonetics,grammar,vocabulary,discourse,comparisonsofEnglishdialects,Briticism,Americanism,Australianism,etc.
2)Appliedlinguistics:
EnglishforSpecificPurposes(ESP).
StudiesofESP:
TESL(TeachingEnglishasaSecondLanguage);TEFL(TeachingEnglishasaForeignLanguage),andanyspecialknow-howorexpertiseconcerningEnglishinuse.
Nowadays,languageteachingandlearningisbecominganindependentdisciplinewithitsowntheoryandpractice,including:
a.Tostudypsychologicalmechanismsoflanguageteachingandlearning;
b.Tostudythemethodsofteachers’teachingandstudents’learningoftheEnglishlanguage;
c.Tocomparetheacquisitionofthemothertonguewiththatofaforeignlanguage,discusstheimprovementandapplicationofmodemteachingapproachesandfacilities,orevenmakecommentsonandevaluatetext-booksinuse,etc.
Ifyouwanttobemoretheoretical,youcantryanybranchoflinguisticsanditsapplicationtolanguageteachingandlearningandthesecondlanguageacquisition.
3)Areaofliterarystudies,including:
British,American,Australian,Canadian.South-Africanliterature,comparisonsbetweenthem,andtheircomparisonswithChineseliterature;
Toapplyliterarytheoriesandcriticalmethodologytothestudyofwritersandworks,literarytrendsandschools,literaryperiods,literarycriticism,etc.
4)Theareaoftranslationandpractice,includingtheoriesandmechanics,writtentranslationandoralinterpretation;
Intheareaoftranslation,youcanresearchinto:
a.Theoriginandgrowthoftranslationpracticeandtheory;
b.Differenttheoreticalschoolsandtheirdoctrinesontranslation;
c.Standardsandcriteriaforthequalityoftranslation;
d.Methodsandtechniquesfordoingtranslationofvariouskinds;
e.Teachingoftranslationasabasiclanguageskill,etc.
5)Theareaofcross-culturestudies:
Comparisonsofreligions,philosophies,educations(?
),habitsandcustomsofdifferentcountriesandraces,aswellasmeansofinterculturalcommunication.
3.Tochoosetopics
1)Firststeptodiscoverasubjectinonearea:
a.Youmayuseyourpersonalexperiences,forexample,attendingalectureoracourse;readinganewspaper,ajournal,abookoranovel;watchingamovie,aTVprogramandsoon.
b.Youmayalsotalkwithothers,yourfellowstudents,yourfriends,andyourteachersinparticular,togetenlightenment.
c.Themostimportantthingforyoutodoistogethelpfromsourcematerials,suchasatableofcontents,abook’sindex,anencyclopediaarticle,headlinesinperiodicalindexes,etc.
Afteryouhavediscoveredthesubjectthatsuitsyou,youshouldfurtherfindaspecifictopicunderthechosensubject.
2)Threestandards.
a.Interestingtoyou.
Aninterestingtopicwillgiveyougreatimpetusforthesuccessfulfulfillmentofyourresearch.
b.Significantorworthwhile.
Yourtopicshouldhaveobviousorpotentialtheoreticalorpracticalvalue.
c.Workableormanageable.
Anappropriatetopicshouldbeneithertoobroad,ortoonarrow.
3)Difficultiesinchoosingagoodtopic:
a.Notfullyawareofwhatisreallysignificantorvaluable
b.Difficulttosubdividethegeneralsubjecthehasdiscoveredintotopicsofmanageablesizeandcomplexity.
c.Theproblemsofabroadtopic:
Thetopicistoogeneral,oneonwhichitishardtofocusyourstudyortofinishapaperoftherequiredlengthwithinthestipulatedtime.
Thereferencesavailablemaybetoomanyforyoutofinishreadingwithintheallotted
time.
Toobroadatopicshouldbenarroweddowntoaworkablesize.
d.Theproblemsofanarrowtopic:
a.Thetopicistoospecific,hardtoenlargeuponordevelopyourargumentsabout.
b.Itisusuallytrivialorinsignificant.
c.Youcanhardlyfindenoughsourcematerialsorreferencestohelpinyourresearch.Suchatopicshouldbebroadenedaccordingly.
Therefore,choosingagoodtopicforresearchandresearchpaperwritingcouldbemuchmoredifficultthanexpected.Thedifficultyusuallyisnotthattheresearcherisignorantofwhatholdsinterestforhim,buthardtohaveclearideas.
4)Judgmentsofthesignificanceorvalue:
Yourawarenessof
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英语论文写作指导 仅供参考 英语论文 写作 指导
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)