Insights into Chinese Culture供参习.docx
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Insights into Chinese Culture供参习.docx
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InsightsintoChineseCulture供参习
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InsightsintoChineseCulture
Part1 WisdomandBeliefs
Unit1 ConfucianThoughtonHeavenandHumanity
Homework:
(一)Questions:
1)WhatisTheAnalectsmainlyabout?
——TheAnalectsismainlyaboutConfucius’wordsandlifestory.
2)WhatisConfucius’viewonHeaven?
——ConfuciusregardedHeavenasnature.
3)WhatisConfucius’innovativeideaaboutHeaven?
——Confucius’innovativeideaaboutHeavenisthatHeaven(ornature)istheprocessoflifecreation.
4)Whatdoesthe“heavenly mission”referto?
——TheheavenlymissionistoaccomplishHeaven’spurposeofprotectingandimprovinglife.
5)HowisConfucius’conceptofHeavenrelatedtothemodernecologicalcivilization?
——Confuciusadvocated“standinginaweoftheordinancesofHeaven”andwarnedagainstoffendingHeaven.Thisis,inessence,equivalenttothemodernideaofstayinginharmonywithnature.SointhiswayConfucius’conceptofHeavenissimilartothemodernecologicalcivilization.
6)WhatisConfucius’interpretationofren?
——Confuciusinterpreted ren asloveofpeople,whichbeginswiththeloveforone’sparents.
7)AccordingtoConfucius,whatisthemostimportantpartofli?
——AccordingtoConfucius,themostimportantpartof li isthe burialandancestralworshiprituals.
8)Whatqualitiesare“personsofvirtue”supposedtohave?
——Personsofvirtuearesupposedtohavesoundcharacterandupliftedmindsandtheycanshoulderimportantsocialresponsibilitiesandmakecontributionstosociety.
9)WhydopeopleneedtostudymusicaccordingtoConfucius?
——AccordingtoConfucius,studyingmusiccanliftone’sspiritandhelponeappreciatebeauty.
(二)Translation
1)天何言哉?
四时行焉,百物生焉,天何言哉?
Heavendoesnotspeakinwords.Itspeaksthroughtherotationofthefourseasonsandthegrowthofalllivingthings.
2) 生生之谓易。
Continuouscreationoflifeischange.
3)天地之大德曰生。
ThegreatvirtueofHeavenandEarthiscreatinglife.
4)获罪于天,无所禄也。
HewhooffendsagainstHeavenhasnonetowhomhecanpray.
5)仁者,人也,亲亲为大。
Thegreatestloveforpeopleistheloveforone’sparents.
6)父母在,不远游,游必有方。
Childrenshouldnottravelfarwhiletheirparentsarealive.Iftheyhavenochoicebuttodoso,theymustretainsomerestraint.
7)父母之年,不可不知也。
一则以喜,一则以惧。
Childrenshouldthinkoftenoftheageoftheirparents.Theyshouldfeelhappyforthehealthandlongevityoftheirparents.Theyshouldalsofeelconcernfortheagingoftheirparents.
8)己欲立而立人,己欲达而达人。
Whilefulfillingone’sowndesires,allowotherstofulfilltheirs.
9)己所不欲,勿施于人。
Donotdotowardothersanythingyouwouldnotwanttobedonetoyou.
10)子生三年,然后免于父母之怀。
Achildshouldnotleavehisparents’bosomuntilheisthreeyearsold.
11)礼之用,和为贵。
Theroleof li istomaintainharmonyamongpeople.
12)知之者不如好之者,好之者不如乐之者。
Simplyknowingthehigheststandardofvirtueisnotasgoodassettingitasone’sgoal.Settingitas one’sgoalisnotasgoodasenjoyingpracticingofit.
(三)CarefulReading
1、Readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.
1)AllthefollowingarethetitlesofConfuciusEXCEPT___B__.
A.an educator B.abiologist C.ascholar D.aphilosopher
2)Theexpression“filialpiety”mostprobablymeansbeing__D___.
A.loyaltothestate B.obedienttosister(s)
C.responsible D.dutifultoparents
3)WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeConfucius’viewontherelationshipbetweenmanandnature/Heaven?
D
A.Brothers. B.Husbandandwife.
C.Doctorandpatient. D.Motherandson.
4)Throughburialandancestral worshiprituals,peoplecanlearnthat__B____.
A.natureislifelesssoitwillneverdie
B.individual’slifecanbeeverlastingbyjoiningnature
C.theyshouldbegratefultotheirparentsforgivingthemlives
D.individual’slifespanisshort,sotheyshouldenjoylifeasmuchaspossible
5)WhichofthefollowingisthemostimportantpartofConfucius’curriculum?
C
A.Music. B.Calligraphy C.Virtue D.Mathematics
6)Zilu,RanYouandGongxiChi’saspirationsrepresent__D____,whileZengDian’sreflects_____.
A.personalambition;selfishness
B.loftyideals;meaninglesspursuit
C.personalstruggle;generouscontribution
D.individualcontributiontosociety;harmony
(四)Communication
1)Godbless
上帝保佑[用于向某人表示关爱]
2)ThankGod
谢天谢地,感谢上帝
3)PleaseGod
但愿[用于表示非常强烈的愿望]
4)ForGod’ssake
看在上帝的份上,行行好把[表示某事很重要]
5)Godforbid
但愿(某事)不会发生
6)Manproposes,Goddisposes.
谋势在人,成事在天
7)Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.
自助者天助也
Unit2 Laozi’sPhilosophyofNon-action
Assignment---fillintheblanks
∙1)Laozi’sthoughthasagreatinfluenceonthe characteristics;trendsofthought; and aestheticsensibilities oftheChinesepeople.
∙2)Theexamplesofbirds,fish,cloudsandflowersareusedtoillustratethat everythingintheworldhasitsownwayofbeinganddevelopment.
∙3)Thedifferencebetweengreatingenuityandordinaryingenuityliesinthefactthat thelattercanbeachievedthroughhumaneffort,buttheformerissuperiortothelatter.
∙4)Inordertobecomestrong,oneshould startwithone’sownweakpoints;insteadofoppressingtheweak.
∙5)InLaozi’sopinion, fragility isthesymboloflife.
∙6)Thehighestlevelofone’scultivationistoreturntothestateofanewbornbaby,whoisfreeofanyknowledge, desire; impurityorfalsehood .
∙7)Peoplefightanddeceiveoneanotheroutof desire.
∙8)Accordingtothelawsofnature,peopleshouldnot rob thepoorand oppress theweak.
Assignment----translation
∙1.顺应自然。
∙Followthewayofnature.
∙2.无为而无不为。
∙Actthroughnon-action.
∙3.大巧若拙。
∙Greatingenuityappearstobestupidity.
∙4.以柔弱胜刚强。
∙Overcomethestrongbybeingweak.
∙5.不战而屈人之兵。
∙Winawarwithoutfightingwater.
∙6.兼爱。
∙Loveforall.
∙7.上善若水。
∙Thegreatestvirtueislikewater.
∙8.人往高处走,水往低处流。
∙Humanstendtoseekhigherpositions.
∙9.无欲则刚。
∙Oneisinvinciblebecausehedesiresnothingandcontendsfornothing.
∙10.返璞归真。
∙Returntothestateofanewbornbaby.
Assignment----translation
∙1.Natureisconqueredbyobeyingher.
∙顺应自然方能征服自然。
∙2.Hethatfollowsnatureisneveroutofhisway.
∙按自然规律办事的人绝不会迷失方向。
∙3.Thedropofrainsmakesaholeinthestone,notbyviolence,but bythefrequencyoffalling.
∙滴水穿石,非蛮力所致,皆因坚持不懈。
Unit3 ChineseCharacters:
PoeticSymbols
Assignment:
∙1)Which ofthefollowingisirrelevanttothepictographicsymbolsofChinesecharacters?
A
∙A.Aspiration.B.Imagination.C.Creativity.D.Allusion.
∙2)WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofthenameofFudanUniversity?
D
∙A.Thecharactersbothstandfor“thesunrisingonthehorizon”.
∙B.ThenameistakenfromaChineseclassicalpoem.
∙C.Thenameencouragesthestudentstogetupearlyinthemorning.
∙D.Thecharactersareintendedtotellthestudentstomakeprogressdaybyday.
∙3)Whichofthefollowinglanguagesmostlyconsistsoflanguagepictures?
B
∙A)MandarinChinese.
∙B)HieroglyphsofancientEgypt.
∙C)Oracle-boneinscription.
∙D)Sealcharacters.
∙4)Thesymbolfor“swimming”isclosedto____C____.
∙A)oracle-boneinscription
∙B)mandarinChinese
∙C)sealcharacters
∙D)noneoftheabove
∙5)Thesymbolfor“athletics”containstheingredientsof___A___.
∙A)dancingandrunning
∙B)runningandswinging
∙C)dancingandswinging
∙D)triathlonandfootball
∙
∙2.FindfromthepassagetheEnglishinterpretationsofthefollowingcharacterscontaining日asanelement.
Characters
Interpretations
1)旦
Thesunrisingonthehorizon
2)朝
Themorningsunrisingandshiningovertheflowingriver
3)暮
Thesunsettingintoaforest
4)明
Themoonshiningthroughthewindow
Unit4 TheGreatWall
Assignment---TrueorFalse
v 1)TheconstructionoftheGreatWalltookmorethan2000yearsandinvolved19states.
v 2)ThedrivingforceforbuildingtheGreatWallistoprotectlivesandpeacefromwars.
v 3)Inhistory,thenorthernpeoplesweremostlyengagedinfarming.
v 4)TheGreatWallprovidedaneffectiveshelterforthesoutherntroopsagainstthenortherncavalry.
v 5)TheGreatWallprovidedaneffectiveshelterforthesoutherntroopsagainstthenortherncavalry.
v 6)ThespiritoftheGreatWallisthatof“acommonwillandconcertedeffort”.
v 7)Blockhouses,garrisontowns,passesbuiltatstrategicpoints,andbeacontowersarementionedtoshowthemagnificenceandvarietyoftheGreatWall.
v 8)WangjingTowerisoneofthebestplacestoappreciatethebeautyofBeijingCity.
Answerquestions
v 1)HowlongistheGreatWallatpresent?
v TheGreatWallisaslongas6700kilometers.
v 2)InwhichrespectsistheGreatWallunparalleled?
v TheGreatWallisunparalleledinitsscaleandspanofconstruction,aswellasinthegreatquantitiesoflaborandthedegreeofdifficultyinvolved.
v 3)WhatareSuYat-sen’squotationsusedtodemonstrateinthepassage?
v SunYat-sen’squotationsareusedinthetexttoillustratethegreatsignificanceoftheGreatWallinthedevelopmentofChineseciviliztion.
v 4)Whatdoes“TheGreatWallplayedaroleinaneweconomicstructure”?
v Aneweconomicstructurereferstotheenhancingofagriculturaleconomyinthesouthandthepastoraleconomyinthenorth,andtheexchangebetweenthetwo.
v 5)WhatdoestheLegendofLadyMengjiangsymbolize?
v TheLegendofLadyMengjiangsymbolizesthesufferingsofthepeopledue
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