外研版必修3Module5学案.docx
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外研版必修3Module5学案.docx
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外研版必修3Module5学案
外研版必修3Module5学案
必修3module5greatpeopleandinventionsofancentchina
book3module5greatpeopleandgreatinventionsofchina
二、reading
1.
三语法定语从句
一.定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句:
修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词:
引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有where,when,why等。
关系词常有3个作用:
1,引导定语从句。
2,代替先行词。
3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。
二.关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在从句中做主语
(1)theboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromclassone.
(2)yesterdayihelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1)mr.liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.
(2)mr.lingisjusttheboywhomiwanttosee.
注意:
关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(3)themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.
3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1)footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.
(2)thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.
4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
(5)thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.
(6)whereisthemanthat/whomisawthismorning?
5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
(1)hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
(2)ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
(3)theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(4)theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(5)doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?
(6)doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?
三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1)theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.
(2)theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.
(3)tomorrowiwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.
(4)tomorrowiwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.
(5)we’llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.
(6)we’llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.共12页,当前第1页123456789101112
注意:
1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:
lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等
(1)thisisthewatchwhich/thatiamlookingfor.(t)
(2)thisisthewatchforwhichiamlooking.(f)
2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1)themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(t)
(2)themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend.(f)
(3)theplaneinwhichweflewtocanadaisverycomfortable.(t)
(4)theplaneinthatweflewintocanadaisverycomfortable.(f)
3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词
(1)helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.
(2)inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.
(3)therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.
四.关系副词引导的定语从句
1.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语
(1)istillrememberthedaywhenifirstcametotheschool.
(2)thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.
2.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语
(1)shanghaiisthecitywhereiwasborn.
(2)thehousewhereilivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
3.why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语
(1)pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.
(2)idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.
注意:
关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1)thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,
(2)fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.
(3)greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich./whereiwasborn.
五.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句
形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开
意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语,不能删除是对先行词的补充说明,删除后意思仍完整
译法上翻译成先行词的定语,“…的…”通常翻译成主句的并列句
关系词的使用上a.做宾语时可省略b。
可用that
c.可用who代替whoma.不可省b。
不用that
c。
不用who代替whom
限制性定语从句举例:
(1)theteachertoldmethattomwastheonlypersonthaticoulddependon.
(2)chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.共12页,当前第2页123456789101112
非限制性定语从句举例:
(1)hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.
(2)china,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.
要注意区分以下几个句子的不同
(1)hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.
他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。
(他还有其他的哥哥)
(2)hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.
他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学。
(他只有一个哥哥)
难点分析
(一)限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
1.当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等代词时,或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时
(1)haveyoutakendowneverythingthatmr.lihassaid?
(2)thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.
(3)allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
(4)thereislittlethaticandoforyou.
注意:
当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who
(4)anymanthat/.whohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.
2.当先行词被序数词修饰
(1)thefirstplacethattheyvisitedinlondonwasthebigben.
3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
(1)thisisthebestfilmthatihaveseen.
4.当形容词被thevery,theonly修饰时
(1)thisistheverydictionarythatiwanttobuy,
(2)afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.
当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who
(3)wanghuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting/
5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时
(1)whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?
(2)whichisthet-shirtthatfitsmemost?
6.当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时
(1)canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?
(二)关系代词as和which引导的定语从句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处。
具体情况是:
1.as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子。
(1)hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.
(2)hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.新课标第一网
2.as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思
(1)asisknowntoall,chinaisadevelopingcountry.
(2)heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.
(3)john,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.
(4)hehasbeentoparismorethanseveraltimes,whichidon’tbelieve.共12页,当前第3页123456789101112
注意:
当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which
(5)tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.
3.当先行次受such,thesame修饰时,常用as
(1)ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.
(2)heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.
(3)thisisthesamebookasilostlastweek.
注意:
当先行次由thesame修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同
(4)sheworethesamedressthatsheworeatmary’swedding.她穿着她在mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
(5)sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
(三)以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich,that引导,而且通常可以省略。
(1)thewayinwhich/that/./heansweredthequestionwassurprising.
(四)but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句
(1)thereareveryfewbutunderstandhisidea.(but=whodon’t)
(五)区分定语从句和同位语从句
1.定语从句修饰先行词,它和先行词是修饰关系;同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系xkb1
(1)theplanethathasjusttakenoffisforlondon.定语从句
(2)thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位于从句
2.定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导,关系词在句中充当成分,有时可以省略;同位语从句主要由that引导,在句中一般不做成分;句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导,充当成分
(1)thenewshetoldmeistrue.
(2)thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.
(3)theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定语
(4)theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.
3.同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子,而定语从句不可以
(1)theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.同位语
(2)theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.
(3)thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.
(4)thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth.
语法练习;新课标第一网
高考定语从句考试题及答案
1.idon’tlike___youspeaktoher.(1996上海)
a.thewayb.thewayinthatc.thewaywhichd.thewayofwhich
2.alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose___intheforest.(1997上海)
a.oncetheygrewb.theygrewoncec.theyoncegrewd.thatoncegrew共12页,当前第4页123456789101112
3.carolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyoctober,_____personallyidoubtverymuch.(99)
a.itb.thatc.whend.which
4._______ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorschoolsisincreasing.
a.whichb.asc.thatd.it
5.hewasveryrudetothecustomsofficer,______ofcoursemadethingsevenworse.
a.whob.whomc.whatd.which
6.dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,__,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.
a.whob.whichc.thisd.what
7.recentlyiboughtanancientchinesevase,_______wasveryreasonable.
a.whichpriceb.thepriceofwhichc.itspriced.thepriceofwhose
8.theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,______wehadn’texpected.
a.whenb.thatc.whichd.what
9.haveyouseenthefilm“titanic”,______leadingactorisworld-famous?
a.itsb.it’sc.whosed.which
10.johnsaidhe’dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,______wastrue.
a.heb.thisc.whichd.who
11.thefilmbroughtthehourstome______iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.
a.untilb.thatc.whend.where(XXnmet)
12._______isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.
a.itb.asc.thatd.what(XXnmet)
13.heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho______awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.共12页,当前第5页123456789101112
a.isb.arec.havebeend.hasbeen(XX上海春季)
14.he’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation_________heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.
a.whereb.whichc.whiled.why(XX上海)
15.isthisthereason______atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?
a.heexplainedb.whatheexplainedc.howheexplainedd.whyheexplained(XX)
16.thefamousbasketballstar,______triedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.
a.whereb.whenc.whichd.who(XX北京春季)
17.meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,_____iwillalwaystreasure.
a.thatb.onec.itd.what(XXnmet)
18.wewillbeshownaroundthecity:
schools,museumsandsomeotherplaces,______othervisitorsseldomgo.
a.whatb.whichc.whered.when(XX北京)
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