非谓语动词用法总结.ppt
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非谓语动词用法总结.ppt
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非谓语动词非谓语动词:
不能单独作谓语,但是可以帮助构成谓语。
非谓语动词包括:
doing,done,todo分词:
Doing主动,进行Beingdone被动,进行Havingdone主动完成,(不作定语)Havingbeendone被动,完成,(不作定语)Done被动,完成1)分词作定语(doing,beingdone,done)如果被修饰词和分词中的动词之间的关系是主动关系,就用doing作定语,如果被修饰词和分词中的动词之间的关系是被动关系,就用done作定语。
ThebookwrittenbyLuXunisveryimpressive.(write)Themeetingbeingheldnowisaboutenvironmentalprotection.(hold)Themeetingheldyesterdaywasaboutenvironmentalprotection.(hold)Thechildrenplayingbytheriversidearemysistersandbrothers.(play)2)分词作状语分词作状语,句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语(意思上的主语),分析句子的主语和分词中的动词之间的主被动关系,如果是主动关系,要用现在分词作状语,如果是被动关系要用过去分词作定语Seenfromthetopofthehill,thevillagelooksevensmaller.Seeingthevillagefromthetopofthehill,wefinditevensmaller.A.SeeingB.SeenHavingdone和havingbeendone表示它们自身的动作发生在句子的谓语动词之前。
Havingstruggledtolookforajobforhalfayear,hefinallytookapositioninarestaurant.Doing动名词一般作主语,宾语,表语,定语1)作主语Listeningtoteachersinclassisveryimportant.动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
2)动名词作宾语(放在介词或者是及物动词后面)只能加doing做宾语的及物动词和动词短语Enjoy,finish,miss(错过),excuse(原谅),admit(承认),avoid(避免),imagine(想象),appreciate(感激,欣赏),escape(逃避),postpone推迟,dislike(不喜欢),Giveup,putoff,putupwith(容忍,忍受),getdownto(开始认真做某事),setabout(着手),makecontributionsto,contributeto,lookforwardto,devoteto.,objectto(反对),beopposedto,payattentionto3)动名词作表语Myjobistakingcareofchildren.Seeingisbelieving.4)动名词作定语(表示物的用途)Aswimmingpool游泳池Awalkingstick拐杖AswimmingcapAsleepingcar卧铺车厢(用于睡觉的车厢)(动名词作定语)asleepingboy(现在分词作定语)_C_down.A.TocomeinandsitB.CominginandsitC.Comeandsit祈使句就是动词原形开头的句子。
祈使句+and/or+简单句Workhardandyouwillbeadmittedtoyouridealuniversity.Ifyouworkhard,youwillbeadmittedtoyouidealuniversity.Hurryuporyouwillbelate.Ifyoudonthurryup,youwillbelate.动词不定式Todo主动,将来,目的Tobedone被动,将来,目的Tobedoing主动,进行Tohavedone主动,完成Tohavebeendone被动,完成1)动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语与被修饰词之间有三种关系Ihavesomewatertodrink.Drinksomewater动词不定式中的动词和前面的名词可以构成动宾或介宾关系,就是动词不定式作定语Ihavearoomtolivein.Liveinaroom.被修饰词和动词不定式之间是主谓关系:
Hewasthefirstmantotravelaroundtheworld.被修饰词和动词不定式之间是同位语关系:
Hehastheabilitytosolvetheproblembyhimself.ThechancetodosthTheopportunitytodosthThemeetingtobeheldnextweekisaboutenvironmentalprotection.(hold)比较:
Themeetingbeingheldnowisaboutenvironmentalprotection.(hold)Themeetingheldyesterdaywasaboutenvironmentalprotection.(hold)2)动词不定式作状语目的和结果状语Tofinishhishomework,hehadtostayuplate.Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.Only+todo作结果状语,表示出乎意料的结果比较:
现在分词作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。
Aterribleearthquakebrokeoutlastnight,causingmanydeaths.3)动词不定式做主语(谓语动词用单数),表语,宾语Toseeistobelieve.只能加todo不定式做宾语的动词RefusetodosthDecidetodosthDemandtodosthAgreetodosth既能加todo有能加doing做宾语的动词,意思基本没有区别的:
Liketodo/likedoingsthStarttodo/startdoingHatetodosth/hatedoingsthLovetodo/lovedoingsth既能加todo有能加doing做宾语的动词,意思基本有区别的:
StoptodoStopdoingforgettodoForgetdoingRemembertodoRememberdoingRegrettodoRegretdoingMeantodo打算做某事Meandoing意味着做某事Canthelptodo不能帮忙做某事Canthelpdoing忍不住做某事Trytodosth努力做某事Trydoing尝试做某事PretendtodosthPretendtobedoingPretendtohavedoneClaimtohavedoneTohavedone主动,完成和Tohavebeendone被动,完成表示它们自身的动作发生在谓语动词之前Itissaidthatheisanhonestman.Heissaidtobeanhonestman.Itissaidthathehaspassedthedrivingtest.Heissaidtohavepassedthedrivingtest.Keep+宾语+宾补KeepsbdoingsthKeepsb/sthdoneKeep+sb/sth+adj.Shekepthimwaitingintheheavyrain.Shekepthermouthclosed.Have+宾语+宾补havesbdoHavesbdoingHavesthdoneMake+宾语+宾补MakesbdoMakesth/sbdoneAsksbtodosthHeaskedmetohelphim.AdvisesbtodoAllowsbtodoSeesbdoSeesbdoingWith+宾语+宾补(doing,done,todo表示动作没做)Withsomuchworktodo,hecantgotothecinemawithus.他有这么多工作要做,他不能和我们去看电影了。
Withhisworkdone,hewenttobed.Withhismotherlookingafterhischild,hekeptonplayingcomputergames.Therebe+主语+doing/done(定语)Therearesomechildrenplayingbytheriverside.Therearenofishleftintheriver.(leave留下)AllroadsleadtoRome.PathFind+宾语+宾补Find+sb/sth+tobeFindsb/sthdoingFindsb/sthdoneFindit+adj./n+forsbtosthThechildrenweigh+重量EngageBeengagedindoingsth忙于做某事Beengagedtosb与某人订婚Thelineisengaged.线路忙。
占线。
状语从句的省略If,unless,though,although,while,once+doing/done省略的前提是主从句主语一致,才能省略。
IfIamnottiredfromworkTiring令人感到累的(修饰物)Tired感到累的(指人)Surprisedatthenews,hestoppedeating.Hewassurprised.Bitebitbitten咬TherearesomedetailsthatIfeelitnecessarytosharewithyou.Firstly,Qingdaoisworthavisit/visiting(QingdaoisworthyofbeingvisitedQingdaoisworthytobevisited,)consideringthatitisknownforitsattractivescenery,suchasthebluesea,thebeaches,thearchitectureofdifferentstylesandsoon.表示原因的连词:
consideringthat鉴于,考虑到,seeingthat鉴于,考虑到,inthat因为,在于Secondly,Inordertoavoidtheseaofpeopleandenjoyyo
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