英国皇室历史.ppt
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英国皇室历史.ppt
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ThehistoryofBritishroyalfamilykingdomofEnglandkingdomofEngland(8711707)Themonarchy(君主)oftheKingdomofEnglandbeganwithAlfredtheGreatandendedwithQueenAnne,whobecameQueenofGreatBritainwhenEnglandmergedwithScotlandtoformaunionin1707.KingdomofGreatBritainKingdomofGreatBritain(1707180117071801)(ScotlandandEngland)TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandNorthernIreland(1801present1801present)(England,scotlandandNorthernIreland)Therehavebeen12monarchsofGreatBritainandtheUnitedKingdom.AnewKingdomofGreatBritainwasformedon1May1707withthemergeroftheKingdomofEnglandandtheKingdomofScotland,whichhadbeeninpersonalunionundertheHouseofStuartsince24March1603.On1January1801,GreatBritainmergedwiththeKingdomofIrelandtoformtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.Itsnamewasamendedon12April1927totheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.1HouseofWessex(8291016)2HouseofDenmark(10131066)3HouseofNormandy(10661154)4HouseofPlantagenet(orHouseofAnjou)(11541399)5HouseofLancaster(13991461)6HouseofYork(14611485)7HouseofTudor(14851603)8HouseofStuart(16031714)9HouseofHanover(17141901)10HouseofSaxe-CoburgandGotha(19011917)11HouseofWindsor(1917present)ThefirsthouseinBritishshistoryHouseofWessex(威塞克斯王朝)AlfredtheGreat(阿尔弗雷德大帝)wasKingofWessexfrom871to899.AlfredsuccessfullydefendedhiskingdomagainsttheVikingattemptatconquest,andbythetimeofhisdeathhadbecomethedominantrulerinEngland.HeistheonlyEnglishmonarchtobeaccordedtheepithettheGreat.AlfredwasthefirstKingoftheWestSaxonstostylehimselfKingoftheAnglo-Saxons.KingWilliamItheConqueror(10281087)(威廉一世)usuallyknownasWilliamtheConqueror(征服者威廉)andsometimesWilliamtheBastard,wasthefirstNormanKingofEngland,reigning(统治)from1066untilhisdeathin1087.WilliamIwasoneofthemostimportantkinginthemiddleage.WilliamIledthegreatestchapteroftheNormanconquest:
conquertheKingdomofEngland.(征服英格兰王国)HenryVIII(亨利八世)wasKingofEnglanduntilhisdeath.Besideshissixmarriages,HenryVIIIisknownforhisroleintheseparationoftheChurchofEnglandfromtheRomanCatholicChurch.(与罗马天主教会决裂)HisdisagreementswiththePopeledtohisseparationoftheChurchofEnglandfrompapalauthority.HebecametheSupremeHeadoftheChurchofEngland.(英国教会的最高负责人)MaryI(15161558)(玛丽一世)wastheQueenofEnglandandIrelanduntilherdeath.Duringherfive-yearreign,shehadover280religiousdissentersburnedatthestakeintheMarianpersecutions.(五年的统治期间,她有280多宗教反对者死于火刑。
)HerexecutionsofProtestants(新教徒)causedheropponents(对手)togiveherthesobriquet(绰号)BloodyMary.(“血腥玛丽”)ElizabethIofEngland(伊丽莎白一世)ElizabethIwasQueenofEnglandandIrelanduntilherdeath.SometimescalledTheVirginQueen,(童贞女王)orGoodQueenBess(好女王贝丝),thechildlessElizabethwasthelastmonarchoftheTudordynasty.ElizabethsreignisknownastheElizabethanera.TheperiodisfamousfortheflourishingofEnglishdrama(英国戏剧的繁荣),ledbyplaywrightssuchasWilliamShakespeare,andfortheseafaringprowessofEnglishadventurers(英国冒险家的航海能力)suchasFrancisDrake.EnglandsdefeatoftheSpanishArmada(打败西班牙无敌舰队)in1588associatedElizabethwithoneofthegreatestmilitaryvictoriesinEnglishhistory.QueenVictoria(维多利亚女王)Victoria(18191901)wasQueenoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIrelanduntilherdeath.Herreignof63yearsandsevenmonths,whichislongerthanthatofanyotherBritishmonarchandthelongestofanyfemalemonarchinhistory,isknownastheVictorianera.Itwasaperiodofindustrial,cultural,political,scientific,andmilitarychangewithintheUnitedKingdom,andwasmarkedbyagreatexpansionoftheBritishEmpire.ShewasthelastBritishmonarchoftheHouseofHanover.HouseofWindsor(温莎王朝)GeorgeVI(乔治六世)ElizabethII(伊丽莎白二世)伊丽莎伊丽莎白二世白二世加冕照加冕照PrinceGeorgeAlexanderLouiseThankyouforyourattention
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