英语语言学练习题含答案.docx
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英语语言学练习题含答案.docx
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英语语言学练习题含答案
答:
放大镜的中间厚,边缘薄,光线在透过放大镜时会产生折射,因此会把物图像放大。
Ⅰ. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:
1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.
2. Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general.
3. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks.
4. In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts.
5. General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole.
6. General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other areas, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study.
7. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.
8. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaningful sentences.
9. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology.
10. Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only studies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences.
11. The study of meaning in language is known as semantics.
12. Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings.
13. Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studies meaning not in isolation, but in context.
14. Social changes can often bring about language changes.
15. Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society.
16. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive.
17. Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.
18. A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time.
19. Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the written language.
20. The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure.
11、火药是我国的四大发明之一,我国古代的黑火药是硝石、硫黄、木炭以及一些辅料等粉末状物质的均匀混合物。
迄今为止,可以考证的最早的火药配方是“伏火矾法”。
4、填埋场在填满垃圾以后,可以在上面修建公园、体育场、但是不能用来建筑房屋和种植庄稼。
7、对于生活中的一些废弃物,我们可以从垃圾中回收它们并重新加工利用。
这样做不但能够减少垃圾的数量,而且能够节省大量的自然资源。
Ⅱ. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:
21. Chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal user’s k__________ of the rules of his language.
22. Langue refers to the a__________ linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules.
23. D_________ is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels:
a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units.
24. Language is a system of a_________ vocal symbols used for human communication.
25. The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called s________.
26. Human capacity for language has a g_______ basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned.
27. P _______ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.
28. Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. The study of such applications is generally known as a________ linguistics.
29. Language is p___________ in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before.
30. Linguistics is generally defined as the s _______ study of language.
2、在加热的过程中,蜡烛发生了什么变化?
(P29)
14、大我数地区的自来水水源取自水库、湖泊或河流。
自来水是主要的饮用水,饮用水源受到污染,会直接影响我们的身体健康。
9、物质的变化一般分为物理变化和化学变化。
化学变化伴随的现象很多,最重要的特点是产生了新物质。
物质发生化学变化的过程中一定发生了物理变化。
Ⅲ. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:
31. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be _______.
A. prescriptive
B. analytic
C. descriptive
D. linguistic
32. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language?
A. Arbitrariness
B. Displacement
C. Duality
D. Meaningfulness
33. Modern linguistics regards the written language as _______.
A. primary
B. correct
C. secondary
D. stable
34. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because _______.
A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing
B. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed
C. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongue
D. All of the above
21、人们发现银河系以外还有类似银河系一样庞大的恒星集团,如:
仙女座星系、猎犬座星系,目前人类已发现了超过100亿个河外星系。
35. A historical study of language is a _______ study of language.
A. synchronic
B. diachronic
C. prescriptive
D. comparative
36. Saussure took a(n) _______ view of language, while Chomsky looks at language from a ________ point of view.
A. sociological…psychological
B. psychological…sociological
C. applied…pragmatic
D.semantic…linguistic
37. According to F. de Saussure, _______ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the mem- bers of a speech community.
A. parole
B. performance
C. langue
D. Language
38. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _______ and meanings.
A. sense
B. sounds
C. objects
D. ideas
39. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called _______,
A. displacement
B. duality
C. flexibility
D. cultural transmission
40. The details of any language system is passed on from one generation to the next through _______, rather than by instinct.
A. learning
B. teaching
C. books
D. both A and B
Ⅳ. Define the following terms:
41. Linguistics
42. Phonology
43. Syntax
44. Pragmatics
45. Psycholinguistics
46. Language
47. Phonetics
48. Morphology
49. Semantics
50. Sociolinguistics
51. Applied Linguistics
52. Arbitrariness
53. Productivity
54. Displacement
55. Duality
56. Design Features
57. Competence
58. Performance
59. Langue
60. Parole
Suggested answers to supplementary exercises:
Ⅰ. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:
1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. F 9. T 10. F
11. T 12. T 13. T 14. T 15. T 16. F 17. T 18. F 19. F 20. F
Ⅱ. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:
21. knowledge 22. abstract 23. Duality 24. arbitrary 25. syntax
26. genetic 27. Parole 28. applied 29. productive 30. scientific (or systematic)
Ⅲ. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.
31. C 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. B 36. A 37. C 38. B 39. A 40. D
Ⅳ. Define the following terms:
41. Linguistics:
Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.
42. Phonology:
The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology.
43. Syntax:
The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences is called syntax.
44. Pragmatics:
The study of meaning in context of use is called pragmatics.
45. Psycholinguistics:
The study of language with reference to the workings of mind is called psycholinguistics.
46. Language:
Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.
47. Phonetics:
The study of sounds which are used in linguistic communication is called phonetics.
48. Morphology:
The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words is called morphology.
49. Semantics:
The study of meaning in language is called semantics.
50. Sociolinguistics:
The study of language with reference to society is called sociolinguistics.
51. Applied linguistics:
In a narrow sense, applied linguistics refers to the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teaching and learning, especially the teaching of foreign and second languages. In a broad sense, it refers to the application of linguistic findings to the solution of practical problems such as the recovery of speech ability.
52. arbitrariness:
It is one of the design features of language. It means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds
53. Productivity:
Language is productive or creative in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users.
54. Displacement:
Displacement means that language can be used to refer to things which are present or not present, real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future, or in far-away places. In other words, language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker
55. Duality:
The duality nature of language means that language is a system, which consists of two sets of structure, or two levels, one of sounds and the other of meanings.
56. Design features:
Design features refer to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication
57. Competence:
Chomsky defines competence as the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language,
58. Performance:
performance is the actual realization of the knowledge of the rules in linguistic communication.
59. langue:
Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community; Langue is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to follow; Langue is relatively stable, it does not change frequently
60. Parole:
Parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use; parole is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules; parole varies from person to person, and from situation to situation.
第二单元物质的变化
答:
放大镜的中间厚,边缘薄,光线在透过放大镜时会产生折射,因此会把物图像放大。
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