虚拟语气及练习题.docx
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虚拟语气及练习题.docx
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虚拟语气及练习题
虚拟语气归纳--讲与练1
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davisguo2011 更新时间:
2011-12-1 阅读:
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概述:
语气是一种动词形式,表示讲话人对某一行为的看法和态度。
英语有三种语气,即陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。
陈述语气用于陈述事实,提出看法或问题等。
祈使语气用于表示请求,命令或警告等,虚拟语气则表示假想或主观愿望。
语气的种类
类别
语法意义
举 例
陈述语气
表示说话人认为他所说的话是事实。
Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.
祈使语气
表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
Don’tbeinsuchhurry.
虚拟语气
是一种特殊的谓语形式,用来表示一种不可实现的愿望或假设。
IwishIcouldflytothemoon.
虚拟语气的运用
1.三类基本的虚拟条件句
条件从句
主句
举例
与现在事实相反
动词用过去式
(be用were)
would(should,could,might)+动词原形
IfIwereyou,Ishoulddoit.如果是你的话,我就要做这件事。
与过去事实相反
Had+过去分词
would(should,could,
might)+have+过去分词
Ifhehadcomeafewminutesearlier,hewouldhavemetme.如果他早来几分钟,他就见到我了。
与将来事实相反
Should+动词原形或were+to+动词原形
would(should,could,might)+动词原形
Ifyouweretocometomorrow,Ishouldaskyoutohelpmewithmywork.如果你明天来,我就请你帮助我做这件工作。
2.虚似语气的其它形式
特
殊
结
构
的
条
件
句
Ifitwerenotfor…或Ifithadnotbeenfor…,
表示“如果没有”。
Ifitweren’tforyourhelp,hecouldnevergotocollege.要不是你的帮助,他绝可能上大学。
Butfor或without.等
表示“如果没有”
Butforairandwater,nothingcouldlive.要是没有空气和水,也就不能有生命。
ifonly……要是……就
表示与事实相反的愿望。
Ifonlyhewerealive.他还活着就好了。
Wouldrather后的宾主从句用虚拟语气
一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望,过去完成时表示过去的愿望。
I’dratherhaveleftyesterday.昨天我宁愿离去。
I’dratheryouhadn’tsaidit.我真希望你没有这样说过。
虚
拟
条
件
句
的
省
略
①省略if的虚拟条件句
如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were,had和should时,可省略if,把were,had和should放到从句主语前去
Hadyounothelpedme,Ishouldhavefailed.要是没有你的帮助,我就失败了。
Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.他们现在在这儿的话,就会帮助我们的。
②条件从句的省略
从句所表达的意思是不言而喻或无需表达的。
Hecouldnotfly(evenifhetried).(即使他试的话)他无论如何不能飞。
③条件主句的省略。
主句所表达的意思是不言而喻或无需表达的。
IfonlyIhadmoremoney!
要是我有更多的钱就好了!
混合
虚拟
语句
①指主句与条件从句所指的时间不一致。
如:
从句指过去,而主句指的是现在或将来。
Hewouldpassthetest(与现在事实相反)ifhehadtakenmyadvice(与过去事实相反)。
如果他听了我的劝告,他现在会通过考试。
②事实与假设混合“一真一假”
一句是事实用陈述语气,另一句是假设,故用虚拟语气。
Iwouldgototheconcert,butIhavenotime.
③含蓄条件句
假设条件用without,butfor,
or,otherwise等短语表达
Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn’thaveachievedallthess.
特别提示:
一.真实条件句(参见张道真高中英语语法p255)
真实条件句用于陈述语气,这种条件句实现的可能性非常大,常用if,unless,once,as/solongas,onconditionthat等引导。
其中if是如果的意思。
例如:
1.Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin. 2.IfIhavetime,I’llcomeovertoseeyou.
3.Ifweleavenow,wecanstillcatchthebus 4.Iwon’tgotothepartyunlesstheyinviteme.
5.aslongasyouloveit,youcankeepittoyourself.
典型例题
Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit_________.
A. willrain B.rains C.rained D.israined
答案B。
真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。
注意:
1)在真实条件句中,主句不能用begoingto表示将来,该用shall,will.
(错)Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.
(对)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.
2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
二.虚拟条件句
虚拟条件句往往是指不能实现的或纯假想的情况,可以对过去,现在或将来进行假设,分别用不同的动词形式表示,主句位于动词也应相应地采用不同的形式。
IfIwereyou,Iwouldleavenow.(对现在情况的虚拟)
Ifyouhadaskedmeyesterday,Icouldhavetoldyouaboutthat.(对过去情况的虚拟)
Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wecouldn’tclimbthemountain. (对将来情况的虚拟)
三.NOTICE:
错综时间条件句(根据所表示的时间调整)
Ifyouhadfollowedme,youwouldn’tmissthetrainnow.
四.虚似语气在各种句型中的运用
1、主语从句中的虚拟
①Itis(was)important(necessary,strange)that-clause
It’snecessarythatyou(should)bepresentatthemeeting.
②Itis(was)ordered(suggested,required,requested)that-clause
Itwasorderedthattheroom(should)becleaned.
2、wish+that-clause
①现在的愿望:
Iwishthatyouweren’tsolazy.
②过去的愿望:
Iwishthatyouhadn’thurtJimsomuch.
③将来的愿望:
Iwishyouwouldn’ttalklikethat.
---HaveyoueverstudiedFrench?
---No,butIwishIhad.
3、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟
通常由几个要求接虚拟语气的名词引起:
advice,demand,order,suggestion,plan,proposal,
request,requirement,decision,recommendation.etc.
Hegaveordersthatthetest(should)befinishedbefore5:
30.
Hissuggestionisthatthehouse(should)bebuiltthere.
4、宾语从句中的虚拟 下列动词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气:
advise,demand,desire,insist,order,require,suggest,propose,command,recommendetc.
Thejudgeorderedthatthethief(should)notbepunished.
NOTICE:
①suggest “暗示,表明“不用虚拟语气
Herexpressionsuggestedthathewasangry.
②insist “坚持客观事实”不用虚拟语气
TheArabinsistedthathehadneverseenthecamel.
HeinsistedthatJohn(should)doit.“坚持认为”要用虚拟语气
5、状语从句中的虚拟
①asif(though)
●与现在相反,从句用过去时 Hetalksasifhekneweverything.
●与过去相反,从句用过去完成时 Helooks(looked)asifshehadwept.
●客观事实,从句用陈述句语气 Itlooksasifyouaretired.
②sothat,evenif(though)
Nothingcouldhavesavedhimevenifhehadbeentended.
6、由介词短语引起的虚拟语气(含蓄条件句)
①without:
Without yourhelp,Ishouldn’tgetaresult.
②butfor”若非“:
Butforyou,wecouldn’thavecarriedouttheplan.
7、句型
①It’stime+that-clause(指现在或将来)
It’stimethatyouwenttoschool.(shouldgotoschool)
②wouldrather+that-clause(指现在或将来)
I’dratheryouwenthomenow.
Don’tcometomorrow,I’dratheryoucamenextweek.
③whatif… “如果…怎么办?
“
Whatiftheyshouldcomehere?
8、虚拟语气的倒装
WereIyou,Iwouldleavenow.
Hadyouaskedmeyesterday,Icouldhavetoldyou.
Shoulditraintomorrow,wecouldn’tclimb.
虚拟语气归纳--讲与练2
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davisguo2011 更新时间:
2011-12-1 阅读:
19
巩固练习:
1.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_____ .
A.breaks B.hasbroken C.werebroken D.hadbeenbroken
2.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe_____inturn,you____ sotired.
A.drove;didn’tget B.drove;wouldn’tget
C.weredriving;wouldn’t D.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot
3.Yesterday,Janewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,she_______somethingshewouldregretlater. A.hadsaid B.said C.mightsay D.mighthavesaid
4.Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun’sheat,theearthatnight_____ ,toocoldforustolive.
A.wouldbefreezingcold B.willbefreezingcoldly
C.wouldbefrozencold D.canfreezecold
5.Ifonlyhe_____ quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.
A.lies B.lay C.hadlain D.shouldlie
6.Whatwouldhavehappened,_____,asfarastheriverbank?
A.Bobhadwalkedfarther B.ifBobshouldwalkfarther
C.hadBobwalkedfarther D.IfBobwalkedfarther
7.______besenttoworkthere?
(03上海)
A.Whodoyousuggest B.Doyousuggestwhom
C.Doyousuggestwhoshould D.Doyousuggestwhomshould
8.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_____inlove,attheageofSeven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.
A.wouldn’thavefallen B.hadnotfallen C.wouldscore D.wouldhavescored
9.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe_____agoal.
A.hadscored B.scored C.wouldscore D.wouldhavescored
10.IfI______plantodoanythingIwantedto,I’dliketogotoTibetandtravelthroughasmuchofitaspossible.
A.would B.could C.hadto D.oughtto
11.—Don’tyouthinkitnecessarythathe____toMiamibuttoNewYork?
—Iagree,buttheproblemis_____hehasrefusedto.
A.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsent;what
12.______fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.
A.Wouldyoube B.Shouldyoube C.Couldyoube D.Mightyoube
13.Ifthere____nohomeworktodoafterclass,we_____amuchhappiertime.
A.was;wehad B.were;shouldhave C.is;wouldhave D.are;willhave
14._____itraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.
A.Were B.Should C.Wereto D.Shall
15.Withoutyourhelp,I_____suchrapidprogressinmyEnglishstudy.
A.didn’tmake B.haven’tmade C.willnothavemade D.wouldn’thavemade
16.Ourteachersuggestedthatwe_____anEnglishdictionary.
A.buy B.buying C.bought D.tobuy
17.Evenifhe_____here,hecouldn’thavesolvedtheproblem.
A.were B.was C.hadbeen D.shouldbe
18.Ihavelostoneofmygloves.I_____itsomewhere.
A.mustdrop B.musthavedropped C.mustbedropping D.musthavebeendropped
19.Accordingtothelocalregulations,anyonewhointendstogetadriver’slicense_______takeaneyetest. A.can B.must C.would D.may
20.Mr.White_____at8:
30forthemeeting,buthedidn’tshowup.
A.shouldhavearrived B.shouldarrive C.shouldhavehadarrived D.shouldbearriving
高考题回放
1.Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit_______breakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense. (2009天津卷)
A.would B.should C.could D.might
2._______hehadnothurthisleg,Johnwouldhavewontherace.
A.If B.Since C.Though D.When
3.LookatthetroubleIamin!
ifonlyI_______youradvice. (03上海)
A.followed B.wouldfollow C.hadfollowed D.shouldfollowed
4.Butfortheirhelp,we theprogramintime. (2009安徽卷)
A.cannotfinish B.willnotfinish C.hadnotfinished D.couldnothavefinished
5.---It’stheoffice!
Soyou______knoweatingisnotallowedhere. (2009湖南卷)
---Oh,sorry. A.must B.will C.may D.need
6.HowIwishev
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