东西方文化差异之根源地理环境英语论文.docx
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东西方文化差异之根源地理环境英语论文.docx
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东西方文化差异之根源地理环境英语论文
海南大学
毕业论文(设计)
题目:
TheRootoftheDifferencesintheOrientalandOccidentalCultures:
TheGeographicEnvironment东西方文化差异的根源:
地理环境
学号:
20081801B003
姓名:
郑瑞鑫
年级:
08
学院:
外国语学院
系别:
英语
专业:
英语
指导教师:
黄永平
完成日期:
2012年3月22日
Acknowledgements
Theprocessofwritingthisthesisbringsagreatpleasuretome.Itreallybroadensmymindandenlargesmyvision.Firstofall,IwouldliketoexpressmygratitudetotheSchoolofForeignLanguagesofHainanUniversitytogivemesuchagoodchancetoknowmoreabout“TheRootoftheDifferencesintheOrientalandOccidentalCultures:
TheGeographicEnvironment”andmanyhistoriansandphilosopherswhohavemadegreateffortonthosethemesrelatedtomytopic,sothatIcanshowsomeofmyhumbleviews.IwouldespeciallyliketogivemyheartiestthankstoHuangYongping,mysupervisor,whodevoteshimselftoenlighteningmeonthespecificpatternsandstyles;Iamreallyobsessedwithhisbrilliantguidanceandearnestattitudestowardsthosewhicharetakenchargeofbyhim.Withouthisassistanceandencouragement,thisdissertationwouldnothaveachieveditspresentform.
Overthecourseofwritingthisthesis,Iammorethangratefultomyroommatesandclassmatesfortheircontinuousencouragementsandsuggestionsfrombeginninguntiltheendofthisthesis.Withthesupportandencouragementfromthemwhostandbymefortheirassistanceinstuffcollectionandsuggestions,finallyleadingtothesuccessofthisthesis.LastbutnotleastIshouldthankMr.ShifromtheCollegeofHistoryofLanzhouUniversityforhisconstructiveviewsonhowtoimproveandbetterorganizeit.Isincerelybowtoallthosewhohavebeenkindenoughtohelpme,theirsubtleandfruitfulargumentshavebenefitedmeagreatdeal.Whateversplendidwordsusedherecannotshowmysincereacknowledgementsmore.
Abstract
It’snotdisputedabouttheissuethatthehuman’sancestorscamefromtheAfricanContinentabout5millionto7millionyearsago.However,nowadaystherearesomanydifferencesbetweenus.Notonlydifferentintheskin,thephysiquesandtheappearance,butalsointheculture.Fordifferentnaturalenvironmentfostersdifferentpeople.Differentenvironmentmakesthemdifferfromtheotherpeopleinothernaturalenvironmentsbothinphysicandculture.
TheaimofthisdissertationistomakecleartherootofthedifferentculturesbetweentheEastandtheWest.Itisowingtothedifferentnaturalgeographicenvironment.
Thisdissertationstartswiththedifferenceaboutthegeographicenvironments.LaterIwouldanalyzeitsinfluencesontheeachaspectoftheculture.Sincereligionplaysaveryimportantroleintheancientsociety,soIwouldemphasizethedifferentregions’function.Theclueofthisdissertationis:
differenceingeographicenvironment—differenceinregion—differenceinotheraspectsofculture.
Sincetheimprovementoftraffictoolsandcommunicationtechnology,theabilityandterritoryofhuman’sactivityexpandalotwitheachnewday.Thegeographicenvironmentswillgraduallybecomeindiscriminating.Inotherwords,thewholehumanbeingsinearthwillshareacommongeographicenvironmentsincethegeographicdistancewillnotthelimitationanymore.Andthedifferencesingeographicenvironmentsistherootofthedifferencesintheeasternandthewesterncultures,theindiscriminatinggeographicenvironmentwillgestateoneandthesamenationwiththesameculture.Theaimofthisdissertationistofindouttherootofthedifferencesintheculturesbetweentheeastandthewest,consequentlytoremovethemisunderstandingamongthenationsandtheenmityofthehistory,togethertopromotetheamalgamationofhumanbeingsandtocreateanewpinnacleofcivilization.
Keywords:
root;naturalgeographicenvironment;religion;amalgamation
摘要
在人类祖先起源问题上,人科的共同祖先约700万年前至500万年前起源于非洲大陆的观点,学术界并无太大争议(XX百科)。
然而起源于同一处的人类,为何如今竟会有如此之大的差别?
不仅仅是肤色、体格、样貌上的差异巨大,文化上的差异更是各不相同。
正所谓一方水土养育一方人,地理环境的差异,使得不同地域的人不仅在生理上不同于其它地域的人,而且在文化心理上也有大大区别。
本论文的主要论点是:
地理环境不同是导致东西方文化差异的根源。
本文将从地理环境差异入手,分析其对东西方文化的各个方面的影响。
从而得出地理环境不同导致中西方文化差异的根源这一结论。
地理环境差异影响宗教文化,而宗教在古代社会占有十分重要的作用。
所以本文依照地理环境差异——宗教文化差异——文化各方面的差异的线索进行综合论述论述。
随着交通工具和通讯技术的发展,以及人类的活动的能力不断增强,活动范围不断扩大,所拥有的不同的地理环境将逐渐无差别化。
而不同的地理环境是导致东西方文化差异的根源,而地理环境的无差别化将孕育出相同的文化,同一个民族。
本论文通过地理环境的不同来分析东西方文化差异的根源,旨在充分了解文化差异的基础上,消除民族间的误解与历史上的仇怨,共同促进人类的彼此融合,从而创造出另一个人类文明的高峰。
关键词:
根源;自然地理环境;宗教;融合
Content
AcknowledgementsI
AbstractII
摘要III
ContentIV
1.ThedifferencesinthegeographicenvironmentsoftheEastandtheGreece1
1.1ThepartitionoftheOrientalCivilizationandtheOccidentalCivilization1
1.2Thedifferencesinthegeographicenvironments1
1.2.1Theeast1
1.2.2TheWest1
1.2.2.1Theclimate1
1.2.2.2Theterrain2
1.2.3Thecontrastofthegeographicenvironments2
2.Theinfluencesofthedifferentgeographicenvironmentsonthereligions3
2.1Thepartitionofregions3
2.1.1Theeasternreligions3
2.1.2Thewesternreligion3
2.2Theinfluenceofthegeographicenvironmentonthereligions3
2.2.1TheinfluenceontheancientGreekreligion4
2.2.2TheinfluenceontheancientEastreligions5
2.3Differencesinthereligions6
2.3.1Differentattitudestowardsthegods6
2.3.2Differenceinmystery7
2.3.3Differentrelationswithpolity7
2.3.4Differentinfluencesonthedevelopmentsoftwocivilizations7
3.Theinfluencesofgeographicenvironmentsontheotheraspectsoftheculture8
3.1Ontheletter8
3.1.1Differentletters8
3.1.1.1TheglyphintheEast.8
3.1.1.2ThelinearwritinginGreece9
3.1.1.3Reason:
Differentrolesbeforenature9
3.2Ontheachievementofscienceandtechnology10
3.2.1Differences10
3.2.2Reason:
Differentattitudestowardsthegodsandnature11
3.3Onpolity12
3.3.1Relationbetweenpolityandreligion12
3.3.1.1TheWest12
3.3.1.2TheEast13
3.3.2Differentpoliticalsystems13
3.3.2.1TheEast:
Centralization13
3.3.2.2TheWest:
City-statesystembasedondemocracy14
4.Thecoursesoftheeastandthewestcivilizations14
4.1ThedestructionofGreekCivilization14
4.1.1Thebegirtcivilization:
TheGreekCivilization14
4.1.2ContendingforhegemonyandthedestructionoftheGreekCivilization15
4.1.2.1ThePeloponnesianWar15
4.1.2.2TheHellenisticCivilization15
4.2Thecontinuanceandlimitationofeastcivilizations15
4.3TheresurrectionofGreekCulture:
Renaissance16
5.Oneworldonenation16
5.1Thedisappearanceoflimitationofgeography16
5.2Onenation:
Earthman17
6.Conclusion17
References18
1.ThedifferencesinthegeographicenvironmentsoftheEastandtheGreece
1.1ThepartitionoftheOrientalCivilizationandtheOccidentalCivilization
Theancienteastcivilizationwascultivatedbythefertileearthandthelongriver,whiletheancientwestcivilizationwasbornfromthecradleofocean.
ThisdissertationconcludesthattheancientGreekandthemodernwesterncountriesareoccidentalcivilizations,andtherestandtheMedievalEuropeisorientalcivilization.
1.2Thedifferencesinthegeographicenvironments
1.2.1Theeast
Thegiftthatbroughtbythegreatriverisgenerous.
ThemosttypicaloneistheCivilizationofEgypt.AsHerodotussaid:
“EgyptisthegiftthatbroughtbytheNile”(Mi,2001:
137).
FromJulytoOctober,thefloodofNilesubmergesthecoastofTheNile,whichbringsalotofnutritioussubstanceandhumussand.WhileafterOctoberthefloodebbsbyleavingfertilesilt,whichisfitforplantingcorps.Byculturingsuchafertileplace,thesepeoplecreatetheCivilizationofEgypt.
1.2.2TheWest
1.2.2.1Theclimate
HereistheMediterraneanClimate.Whensummercomestherainsisrareandthetemperatureisveryhigh,whichmakestheweatherhereverydrought.Suchclimatemakesthecorpsveryhardtosurviveowingtothehotweatherbutrarerains,andalsomakesthesoilveryinfertile.
1.2.2.2Theterrain
ThelandofthePeninsulaofGreeceiscragged.Andthesoilisinfertile,whichisnofitforplantingcorps,foredoomingthattheAgricultureCivilizationhereisnotdeveloped.
TherearemanyislandsscatterintheAegeanSea,andthecoastlineofthePeninsulaofGreeceisverysinuous,providingalotofgoodnaturalports,whichisfitfortradingtowardstheoverseas.
1.2.3Thecontrastofthegeographicenvironments
(1)Intheeast,theriverflows;whileinthewest,theoceanisturbulent.
(2)Intheeast,thesoilisfertile;whileinGreece,thesoilisinfertile.
(3)Intheeast,themajorlandisplain;inGreece,themostismountains.
(4)Intheeast,theclimateissubtropicalclimate.Itisrainyandsunnyinsummer,whichisfitforplantingthecorps.Whileinthewest,theclimateisMediterraneanClimate.Itissunnyinsummerwithrarerains,soitisnotfitforplantingcorpsandotherplants.
2.Theinfluencesofthedifferentgeographicenvironmentsonthereligions
Differentgeographicenvironmentscultivatedifferentoriginalreligions.“Wecansaythattheoriginalreligionsallovertheworldprimitivelyproducedbysuch-and-suchrelationsbetweenhumanbeingsandthenature(Duan,2010:
74).
2.1Thepartitionofregions
2.1.1Theeasternreligions
Buddhism,TaoismandIslamaretypicaleastreligions.However,itisdisputedtosaythattheChristianismisalsotheeastreligion,sinceitisprevailinginthecurrentwesterncountry.FortheChristianismwasborninPalestine.Itobviouslyinheritedthemonotheism,originalsin,conceptionofsaviorandcreationism.Furthermore,itaccepttheJudaism’sBibleasitTheOldTestament,soitismorelikeaeastreligion,eventhoughitalsoabsorbsalotfromtheGreekphilosophy(Tong,2010:
370).
2.1.2Thewesternreligion
Insteadofsayingthat
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- 关 键 词:
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