大学体验英语三册.docx
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大学体验英语三册.docx
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大学体验英语三册
UnitOne
Lesson1Audio
WhilesomevisitorstoSingaporeexpectahigh-techcity,therearealsosomepartsoftheislandthatstillreflecthowitusedtolookbeforeurbandevelopmenttookover.
InoneofthemainCentralNatureReserves,monkeysstillroamfreely,livingsidebysidewithhumans.Themacaqueshavegrownaccustomedtobeingfed,sotheylooktohumansasasourceoffood.Butthisinitselfisproblematic.Asthemonkeysdependmoreonhumansforfood,theyventurefurtherfromtheirnaturalhabitat,aphenomenonthathasworriedexperts.
Thereisjustnotenoughspace.Essentially,inmuchofSoutheastAsiawe’veseenalotofhabitatlosswhererainforesthasbeendestroyedandconvertedintohumansettlement.Singaporeisaveryurbanizedcity,andit’stakenalotofspace,sothereisnotmuchspaceleftforlong-tailedmacaques.
Wereallyneedtostopencroachingintonaturereserves.Weneedtostopbuildingthehousessonearbythereserves,whichthencausestheproblemofthemacaquescomingintopeople’shousesandraidingthem.ThesemacaquesareFrenchspeciessotheyliveontheedgesoftherainforests.
Ifhumanskeepbuildingthehousessonearthereserves,therewilldefinitelybeaconstanthuman-macaqueconflictissue.
Afterall,themacaquesareessentialtomaintainingtherainforest’secosystem.Moreshouldbedonetoprotectthem.
Lesson1Video
Thesecreaturesareknownasstatisticsbymostpeople.Butwearetreatingthemasindividuals,tryingtocapturetheirpersonalities.Wewanttoseethemfacetoface,eyetoeye,makethemunavoidable.
Theseriesisnowtheirmissioninlife,theircallingandtheirpassion.Forthetwo
photographers,it’sanendlessodysseyacrossAmericatoshowthefacesofcreatureswemayneverseeagain.Thesecreaturesareindanger.They’reslippingaway.Butifpeoplecanseethem,maybewecanmaketheefforttokeepthemwithushereonearth.
“Ok.Makehere.Great!
Great!
”
ThefirstEuropeansonthiscontinenthadacommonenemytoconquer.Itwascallednature.Americaseemedtobeanendlessexpanseofhostilewildness.BisonwanderedalongthePotomac.Grizzlybearsstrolled[along]thebeachesofCalifornia.Humanbeingsdidnotevenknowitwaspossibleforaspeciestogoextinct.Butwelearned.Hundredsofcreaturesslippedintoextinction.Evenournationalsymbolwasdisappearingbeforeoureyes.
WhenyouaredrivingacrossAmerica,youunderstandwhysomanyplantsandanimalsareendangered.They’relosingtheirhomes.We’rebuildingahumanworld,andlosingawildone.
Expert:
“It’sasoberingfactthatthereisanextinctioncrisis.Therehavealwaysbeenspeciesgoingextincttimetotime.Butnow,humanactivitiespushthemtoahundredtoathousandtimes.Weareinthemidstofabiologicalcatastrophe.Itisthegreatestsincetheendoftheageofdinosaurs,sixty-fivemillionyearsago.WhatIhopeyou’llsucceedindoingistomakeendangeredspeciesavividpresenceinthelivesofpeople;makeitcleartothemthateveryendangeredspecieshasaname,hasamillion-yearhistory.Thereisaplaceintheworld—bringusfacetofacewitheachoneofthosespecies;makeusknowthattheyarecompanionsinthebiosphere.Theyarenotjustsomethingoutthereyoulookatonceinawhile.Buttheyareapartofourexistence.They’repartofus.”
Lesson2Audio
Duringthewholeyear’spromotion,aseriesofactivitieswillbeheldtopromotepublicawarenessinprotectingbiodiversitylikesummitforumsandbiodiversityknowledgecompetitions.Also,thegovernmentwillconductsupervisiontofightillegalhuntingandotherrelatedconductinnaturereservesnationwide.
WanBentai,generalengineerattheMinistryofEnvironmentalProtectionsaysbiodiversityisvitaltohumanlife.TheEarthiscolorfuljustbecauseofbiodiversity.Ifallthespeciesweregoneandtherewereonlyushumansleft,humanswouldn’tbeabletosurvive.
Biodiversitynotonlyreferstoallthespecies,includinganimals,plantsandinsectsbutalsothegenesandourlivingenvironment.However,dozensofspeciesaredisappearingonourplaneteveryday.Currently,34,000plantsand5,200animalsareontheedgeofextinction.
Scientistssaymanyspecies’extinctionisattributedtohumanactivities.Manyanimalsareendangeredbecauseofhumanactivitieslikehuntingandfishing.Butmanyanimalshaveacloseconnectionwithhumans,soweshouldtreatthemasfriends.Besides,manyplantsmakegreatcontributionstohumanlife,someofwhichareevenmorepreciousthangold.
Inrecentyears,thenumberofanimalandplantspecieshasdeclinedsharplyinChinaduetovariousreasons.Weneedpolicieswhichprotectbiodiversity.Andwehavetofindprogramswhichcanencourageandprovideincentivesforpeoplenottocutdowntheforest,nortodestroythehabitatofrarebirds,norfisheries.Wehavetodomanythings.
Lesson2Video
Scientist:
“Innatureitselfeverythingisconnected.EveryspeciesisinsomewaydependentonothersSoyouhavethisfabricoflife.Andtomeanendangeredspeciesislikecriticalstitchinthatfabric.Thelongeryoustudyinanyonearea,themoreyourealizeitifanyoneitembecomesextinct,thewholefabricfallsapart.Everythingdependsoneverythingelse.”
Sixtyyearsearlier,anotherscientistwentinsearchofendangeredspeciesdeepintotheLouisianaswamps,tryingtofindoneoftherarestbirdsinAmerica.Hefounditandhefilmedit.Itwasthefirsttimeanyonehadeverfilmedtheivory-billedwoodpeckerandthelast.“We’refinallygettingtophotographtheivory-billedwoodpeckerbutitwasnotthewaywehadhoped.”
Thebirds’habitatwasdecimatedbydevelopment.In1996theivory-billedwoodpeckerwasfinallydeclaredextinct.“Itwasrareandthenitslippedaway.Thepreserveisthebestofallisleft.”
Expert:
“Speciesdonotdieofoldage.Speciesarekilledoff.Andwhenaspeciesdies,withitdiesthisgenetichistorythatcanneverberecreated.Scientistshaveevenbeguntothinkofhowtheymightbeabletoreassembleaspecies,andthelostispermanent.”
Plantsgetignored.Almosttwothirdsofthespeciesontheendangeredlistareplants.Theyarenotbigandflashylikethegiantpandaortherhino,buttheyareequallyimportantinhowlifeworks.Withoutplantstheanimalswouldn’tbehere.Wewouldn’tbehere.Humanbeingsarethemastersofthisworldnow.Wecantaketheseanimalsandplantswithusaswetravelintothefutureorwecansaygoodbyeandsendthemintothenight.Butwhetherwerealizeitornot,wedependutterlyonothercreaturesforourverysurvival.Theyareapartofourexistence.Theyareapartofus.
UnitTwo
Lesson1Audio
Whenitcomestointelligence,therehasalwaysbeenonefundamentalquestion:
Isintelligenceafunctionofnature?
Isitsimplyencodedinachild’sgenes?
Orisitafunctionofnurture?
Isitmoreabouttheenvironmentthatachildgrowsupin?
Ontheonehand,ifwetaketwopeopleatrandomfromthecrowd,itisverylikelythattheirdegreesofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent.However,ifwetaketwoidenticaltwins,chancesarethattheywillbeasintelligentaseachother.Therefore,aconclusioncanbedrawnthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwearebornwith.Ontheotherhand,though,ifweputidenticaltwinsindifferentenvironments,wewouldfinddifferencesintheirintelligenceseveralyearslater,whichindicatesthatenvironmentdoesplayacrucialroleinpeople’sintelligence.
Recently,datahasclearlyindicatedthatnurtureisindeedmorethan50%oftheequation.Thatisgoodnewsforeducators,butevenbetternewsforsocietyasawhole.
Fortunately,PresidentObamahascomeoutinstrongsupportofearlychildhoodeducation,particularlyforthosechildrenmostatriskofschoolfailure.Investinginqualitypre-schoolopportunitiesclearlyhelpsgivechildrenfrompoverty-strickenareasthechanceatastrongerstartinschoolandinlife.
Ifweareseriousabouthelpingourchildrensucceedinschool,ifwearetrulyinterestedin“LeavingNoChildBehind,”wewilltakeahardlookatthiscompellingdataandbegininvestinggreatersumsattheearlychildhoodlevel.
Lesson1Video
Einstein’sdestinyasagreatphysicistwasnotobvious.Asachild,hispassionwasmusic,notphysics.
“Ioftenthinkinmusic.Ilivemydaydreamsinmusic.IfIwerenotaphysicist,Iwouldprobablybeamusician.”
ButEinstein’slifechangedwhenhewasgivenabookongeometry.Theuniversecouldbe
tamedthroughnumbers.Hislife’sworkwouldbetocontrolthemusicoftheuniverse.
Duringhislife,Einsteinchangedourconceptofspaceandtimeforever.Heharnessedenergy,massandthespeedoflightinthemostfamousequationalltime—EequalsMCsquared.
WhatmadeEinstein’sbrainsoexceptional?
Dr.JimAl-Khalili,likeEinstein,isaphysicistandisobsessedbytheworkofhishero.BrainspecialistMarkLythgoehuntsforsecretsofcreativityinsidethehumanmind.
“MynameisDr.JimAl-KhaliliIbelieveEinstein’sgeniuscamefromhisimagination,andnomanornomachinecanmeasurethat.AmIright?
”
Lesson2Audio
AlbertEinsteinwasaGerman-bornphysicist,althoughmostpeopleprobablyknowhimasthemostintelligentpersonwhoeverlived.Hisnamehasbecomepartofmanylanguageswhenwewanttosaysomeoneisagenius,asinthephrase,“She’sarealEinstein”.HemusthavebeenprettybrainytodiscovertheTheoryofRelativityandtheequationE=MC2.
In1999,TimeMagazinenamedEinsteinasthePersonoftheCentury.Noonecouldhaveguessedthiswouldhappenwhenhewasinschool.Hewasextremelyinterestedinsciencebuthatedthesystemoflearningthingsbyrotemem
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