DSM5 Diagnostic Manual.docx
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DSM5 Diagnostic Manual.docx
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DSM5DiagnosticManual
***DSM-5DISORDERS:
ESSENTIALFEATURES***
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
GENERALINCLUSIONCRITERIA(mostorallpresent):
∙deviancefromsocialnorms
∙distress
∙dysfunction
∙danger
GENERALEXCLUSIONCRITERIA:
∙normalresponsetoanevent
∙normalbehaviourwithinethnicorsubculturalcontext
∙normalbehaviourforastageoflife
∙behaviorreflectingindividual/societalconflict
∙identifiablebiologicalcause(unlessspecifiedindiagnosticcriteriaforaparticulardisorder)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
ANXIETYDISORDERS
∙PANICDISORDER惊恐性障碍,恐慌症
:
∙recurrentpanicattacks恐慌症
[Intensefear,startingsuddenlyandreachingpeakwithin10minutes;atleastfourofthefollowing:
chestpain,chills,toohot,choking,gasping,rapidorirregularheartbeat,tinglingornumbness,heavyperspiration,nausea恶心,作呕,晕船,dizziness,tremor震颤;战栗,发抖;惊恐;颤音;震动,地震。
]
∙intensefearofrecurrence,and/or
∙avoidanceofactionsorplacesassociatedwithpriorattacks
∙durationatleast1month
AGORAPHOBIA:
旷野恐怖;[心理]广场恐怖症;陌生环境恐怖症
∙intensefearwheninsituationsfromwhichrapidescapeisimpossible,and/orrapidhelpisunavailable
∙effortstoavoidsuchsituations
∙durationatleast6months
SOCIALANXIETYDISORDER:
∙intensefearwhenotherscouldcloselyobservetheperson
∙effortstoavoidsuchsituations
∙durationatleast6months
SPECIFICPHOBIA:
∙specificobjectorsituationhabituallytriggersanxietyoutofproportiontoanyobjectivethreat
∙objectisavoided,orenduredwithgreatdistress
∙durationatleast6months
∙notAgoraphobiaorSocialAnxietyDisorder
GENERALIZEDANXIETYDISORDER:
∙excessiveworryingaboutmultipleareasoflife
∙leadstoarangeofphysicalandmentalcomplaints(eg.tension,restlessness,tired,irritable,insomnia,poorconcentration)
∙mostdaysforatleast6months
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVEANDRELATEDDISORDERS
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVEDISORDER:
∙obsessions(recurringinvasiveideasorimagesthatproduceanxiety)and/or
∙compulsions(physicalormentalactionsaimedatreducingtheobsession-causedanxiety)
∙symptomsconsumesomuchtimethattheyinterferewithdailylife
HOARDINGDISORDER:
囤积症*强迫性囤积”,一个人格障碍,迫使人去积聚。
∙strongurgetoaccumulatestuff
∙intensedistresswhentryingtodiscardanything,evenseeminglyvaluelessthings
∙clutterinterfereswithlivingspaces
∙persistentduration
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
MOODDISORDERS
MAJORDEPRESSIVEDISORDER:
∙presenceofatleastfiveofthefollowing:
∙-depressedmood
∙-anhedonia【精神分析学】(精神病患者常有的)快感缺乏
∙-lossofappetiteandweight
∙-insomniaorhypersomnia嗜睡,[医]睡眠过度
∙-fatigue
∙*psychomotorretardation精神运动性阻滞
∙
∙-agitation
∙-lowself-esteemorguilt
∙-concentrationdecline
∙-suicidalideas
∙oneofthefiveabovemustbeeitherdepressedmoodoranhedonia
∙durationatleast2weeks,mostoftheday
∙[theabovepointsdefineamajordepressiveepisode]
∙[canbediagnosedduringbereavement]
∙[‘melancholicfeatures’referstomostsevereMDD]忧郁的特性
∙[‘rapidcycling’refersto4+episodesperyear]
--An·he·do·nia
:
Apsychologicalconditioncharacterizedbyinabilitytoexperiencepleasureinnormallypleasurableacts
BIPOLARIDISORDER:
∙changeinmood–euphoria精神欢快and/orirritability
∙ifeuphoria,atleastthreeofthefollowing/ifirritability,atleastfourofthefollowing:
heightenedself-esteem;decreasedsleep;heightenedactivity;impairedjudgment;rapidorpressuredspeech;flightofideas;distractibility
∙increaseinenergyoractivitylevel
∙durationatleast1week
∙*[theabovepointsdefineamanicepisode]躁狂发作
∙[mostpeoplewithBipolarIexperiencemajordepressiveepisodes,buttheiroccurrenceisnotrequiredforthediagnosisofBipolarI]
∙[‘rapidcycling’refersto4+episodesperyear]
BIPOLARIIDISORDER:
∙sameasBipolarI,exceptforthefollowing:
∙aclearchangefromtheperson’sbaselinemoodandbehaviour,tothepointwhereitisnoticeablebyothers,butwithoutsignificantfunctionalimpairmentorpsychoticfeatures
∙durationatleast4days
∙[theabovepointsdefineahypomanicepisode]轻躁狂发作
∙occurrenceofamajordepressiveepisode
∙[ifapersonwithadiagnosisofMajorDepressiveDisorderhasahypomanicepisode,thediagnosisischangedtoBipolarII)
∙[ifapersonwithadiagnosisofBipolarIIhasamanicepisode,thediagnosisischangedtoBipolarI]
∙[‘rapidcycling’refersto4+episodesperyear]
PERSISTENTDEPRESSIVEDISORDER:
持续的抑郁症
∙mostorallofthesymptomsofMajorDepressiveDisorderarepresent,mostofthetime,foratleast2years(withnosymptom-freeperiodlongerthan2months)foradults/foratleast1yearforchildren
∙[ifallcriteriaforMDDarenotmet,itiscalledDysthymiaorDysthymicDisorder]
Dysthymic-境恶劣障碍.重性抑郁症和心境恶劣障碍的神经心理
CYCLOTHYMICDISORDER:
∙recurrentepisodesofelationordepressionthatdonotmeetthecriteriaformajordepressiveepisode,maniaorhypomania
∙symptomsarepresent,mostofthetime,foratleast2years(withnosymptom-freeperiodlongerthan2months)foradults/foratleast1yearforchildrenoradolescents
如果在抑郁过程中间或出现兴奋、情绪高涨等轻度躁狂状态则称为 循环性情绪障碍 (cyclothymicdisorder ),其严重程度低于重性抑郁障碍和双相障碍(如下述)。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
SOMATICSYMPTOMANDRELATEDDISORDERS
ILLNESSANXIETYDISORDER:
∙extremeanxietyaboutthepossibilityofseriousphysicalillness,intheabsenceofserioussomaticsymptoms;oranxietythatisexaggeratedinthepresenceofsomaticsymptoms
∙durationatleast6months
∙[alsocalledHypochondriasis]
SOMATICSYMPTOMDISORDER:
∙extremeanxiety,persistentthoughtsorseekingofmedicalcareinresponsetoatleastonesubjectivesomaticsymptomintheabsenceofanidentifiablephysicalcause
∙symptomsarenotconsciouslyfeigned
∙durationatleast6months
∙[ifmultiplesymptoms,‘somatizationpattern’]
∙[ifmainlypain,‘predominantpainpattern’]
CONVERSIONDISORDER:
∙atleastonesymptomofdisturbedsensoryorvoluntarymotorfunctionintheabsenceofanidentifiablephysicalcause
∙symptomsarenotconsciouslyfeigned
FACTITIOUSDISORDER:
∙consciousfeigningofsomaticsymptoms
∙motivationistoaccesstheattentionandsympathygiventosomeoneintheroleofasickperson(ortheroleofacare-giver)
∙[ifself-harmingbehaviourisusedtoproducesymptoms,itisdesignated‘MunchausenSyndrome’]
∙[ifanotherpersonisharmedtoproducesymptoms,itisdesignated‘MunchausenSyndromebyProxy’]
MALINGERING(notaDSMpsychologicaldisorder!
):
∙consciousfeigningofsomaticsymptoms
∙motivationistoaccessarewardotherthanthosetypicallyarisingfromtheroleofasickpersonorcare-giver
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
EATINGDISORDERS
ANOREXIANERVOSA:
∙deliberaterestrictionofnourishment,leadingtosignificantlylowbodyweight(eg.BMI<18.5)
∙intensefearofweightgain
∙disturbedbodyimage,minimizingordenialofproblem,oroveremphasisofbodyshapeorweightinself-esteem
∙[binge/purgingtype]
∙[restrictingtype=withoutbinge/purgecycles]
BULIMIANERVOSA:
∙recurrentepisodesofbingeeating
∙recurrentinappropriatecompensatoryactions
∙bingeandcompensatorybehavioursaveragingatleastonceaweekfor3months
∙overemphasisofbodyshapeandweightinself-esteem
∙notwithsignificantlylowbodyweight
BINGEEATINGDISORDER:
∙recurrentepisodesofbingeeating,withoutcompensatorybehaviour,averagingonceaweekfor3months
∙atleast3of:
rapideating;eatinglargeamountswithouthunger;eatinguntilfeelingstuffed;eatingalonefromembarrassment;intenseguiltordisgustafterbinge
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
TRAUMA-RELATEDDISORDERS
ACUTESTRESSDISORDER:
∙exposuretoahorrificevent,eitherdirectlyorviaemotionalattachmenttosomeone
∙repeated,intrusivere-experiencing
∙avoidanceofmemorycuesfortheevent
∙hyperarousal
∙dissociativeexperiences
∙durationfrom3daysto1monthaftertheevent
POST-TRAUMATICSTRESSDISORDER:
∙exposuretoahorrificevent,eitherdirectlyorviaemotionalattachmenttosomeone
∙repeated,intrusivere-experiencing
∙avoidanceofmemorycuesfortheevent
∙hyperarousal
∙atleasttwoof:
negativemood,negativethoughts,anhedoniaordissociativesymptoms
∙durationatleast1month
∙[‘delayedexpression’ifcriteriafordiagnosisnotreacheduntil6monthsafterevent]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
PSYCHOTICDISORDERS
SCHIZOPHRENIA:
∙atleasttwoofthefollowing:
∙-delusions
∙-hallucinations
∙-disorganizedspeech
∙-disorganizedbehaviour
∙-negativesymptoms
∙atleastoneoftheabovemustbedelusions,hallucinationsordisorganizedspeech
∙lackofinsightintosymptoms
∙durationofabove,atleast1month;durationofdisturbance,includingprodrome,atleast6months
SCHIZOPHRENIFORMDISORDER:
∙symptomcriteriaforSchizophreniaaremet
∙durationfrom1to6months
∙[ifsymptomspersistpast6months,diagnosischangestoSchizophrenia]
BRIEFPSYCHOTICDISORDER:
∙atleastoneofthefollowing:
∙-delusions
∙-hallucinations
∙-disorganizedspeech
∙durationfrom1dayto1month
∙[iftwopsychoticsymptomsarepresentanddurationexceeds1month,diagnosischangestoSchizophreniformDisorder]
DELUSIONALDISORDER:
∙persistentdelusionsintheabsenceofanyotherpersistentpsychoticsymptoms
∙behaviourisaffectedonlyinareasdirectlyrelatedtothedelusionalcontent
∙durationatleast1month
SCHIZOAFFECTIVEDISORDER:
∙symptomcriteriaforSchizophreniaaremetforatleast2weeks,duringwhichtimesignificantmoodsymptomsareabsent
∙manicormajordepressiveepisodeforatleas
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