第七章 氨基酸代谢The seventh chapter Amino acid metabolism.docx
- 文档编号:28673524
- 上传时间:2023-07-19
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:11
- 大小:18.45KB
第七章 氨基酸代谢The seventh chapter Amino acid metabolism.docx
《第七章 氨基酸代谢The seventh chapter Amino acid metabolism.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《第七章 氨基酸代谢The seventh chapter Amino acid metabolism.docx(11页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
第七章氨基酸代谢TheseventhchapterAminoacidmetabolism
第七章.氨基酸代谢(Theseventhchapter.Aminoacidmetabolism)
Theseventhchapterisaminoacidmetabolism
Mainpointsofthischapter
First,thenutritionalroleofprotein
1.nitrogenbalance
Thetotalnitrogenbalance
Thepositivebalanceofnitrogen
Thenegativenitrogenbalance
2.essentialaminoacidsandnonessentialaminoacids
3.nutritionalvalueandcomplementationofproteins
Two.Digestion,absorptionanddecayofproteins
Three.Deaminationofaminoacids
Aminoacidsaremainlyremovedinthreeways,namelyoxidativedeamination,deamination,andcombineddeamination.
Metabolismoffour-ketoacids
1.aminoacidintoaminoacid
2.changetosugarorfat
3.oxidationenergysupply
Five.Metabolismofammonia
1.sourcesandroutesofbloodammonia:
Thesourceofbloodammonia:
byintestinalabsorption;theaminoaciddeaminationoftheaminoacidamide;hydrolysis;decompositionoftheothernitrogencompounds.
Thebloodammoniaway:
intheliverintothesynthesisofurea;aminoacids;thesynthesisofothernitrogenouscompounds;thesynthesisofasparagineandglutamine;thedirectdischarge.
2.ammoniatransportintheblood
Thealanineglucosecycle
Theroleofglutaminetransportofammonia
3.ornithinecycleandureasynthesis
Thecharacteristicsofureasynthesis:
synthesismainlyinmitochondriaandcytosoloftheliverinthesynthesisofureamolecules;consumefourATPmolecules;theargininosuccinatesynthaseisakeyenzymeinthesynthesisofurea;thetwonitrogenatomsoftheureamolecule,onefromtheNH3,asourceinASPaminoacid.
Six,thedecarboxylationofaminoacids
Catalyzedbyaminoaciddecarboxylase,coenzymepyridoxalphosphate,theproductwasCO2andamine.Understandingthephysiologicalrolesofseveralimportantamines.
Seven,theconcept,sourceandphysiologicalfunctionofonecarbonunit
Eight,S-methioninecycle
Nine.Metabolismofaromaticaminoacids
Themajormetabolicprocessesinnervetissuecellsarephenylalanine,tyrosine,DOPA,dopamine,norepinephrine,norepinephrine,andepinephrine.Dopamine,norepinephrine,andepinephrinearecollectivelycalledcatecholamines.Inmelanomacells,Duobakeintomelanoma.Ageneticdefectinphenylalaninehydroxylasecausesphenylketonuria,ageneticdefectintyrosinasethatcausesalbinism.
Exercises
First,themultiple-choicequestion
1.thefollowingaretheessentialaminoacids:
A.glutamicacidB.phenylalanine
C.alanineD.glutamine
E.cysteine
2.whichofthefollowingsubstancesdoesnotbelongtoacarbonunit?
A.CH3B.CH2
C.CH=D.CH=NH
E.COOH
3.thecarrierofacarbonunitinvivois
A.folicacid,B.,leucovorin
C.dihydrofolateD.pantothenicacid
E.biotin
4.whichofthefollowingisnotonlytheketogenicaminosugaraminoacids?
A.leucineB.tyrosine
C.isoleucineD.threonine
E.glycine
5.aminoacidsthatcanbeconvertedintotaurineare:
A.leucineB.aspartate
C.valineD.glycine
E.cysteine
6.thefollowingaminoacidsthatarenotinvolvedinproteinbiosynthesisare
A.glycine,B.ornithine
C.proline,D.arginine
E.valine
7.whichofthefollowingaminoacidscanproducevasodilators?
A.
Tryptophan,B.,proline
C.glutamicacidD.histidine
E.hydroxyproline
8.whichofthefollowingstagesofureasynthesisoccursinmitochondria?
A.producescitrulline,B.argininehydrolysis
C.producesarginine,D.,toproducearginineinsteadofsuccinicacid
E.ormoreiswrong
Whatkindofsubstancemetabolismdoes9.PAPSmainlycomefrom?
A.methionineB.taurine
C.cysteineD.homocysteine
E.ormoreiswrong
10.whichofthefollowingtwokindsofnitrogendoesureacomefrom?
A.ornithineandmethotrexatephosphate
B.asparticacidandaminoformylphosphate
C.-amino-and-aminogroupsofornithine
D.-aminoacidsandarginine-aminogroupsofcitrulline
E.ornithine-aminoandglycine
11.,themostimportantmetabolicpathwayofammoniainadultsis
A.formsthenonessentialaminoacidB.,formingtheessentialaminoacidC.,formingNH4+,whichisexcretedwithurine
D.formsureaE.,formingpurineandpyrimidinenucleotides
12.themaincauseofelevatedbloodammoniais
A.,excessiveintakeofprotein,B.,liverdysfunction
C.soapwater(alkaline)enema,intestinalabsorptionofammoniaincreased
D.renaldysfunctionisnotmorethanE.
13.whichaminoacidsareproducedbytheconversionofcatecholamines?
A.tryptophan,B.glutamicacid,C.aspartate,D.tyrosine,E.lysine
Theimportantroleof14.S-inmethionineis
A.supplementationmethionine,B.synthesis,vitaminC.,methyl
D.producesadeninenucleosideE.
Homocysteinesynthesis
Inthe15.brain,-aminobutyricacidisproducedbywhichofthefollowingmetabolites?
A.asparticacidglutamicacidB.C.oxoglutarateD.oxaloaceticacid,E.malicacid
16.theammoniaproducedinthekidneysismainlyderivedfromammonia
CombineddeaminationofA.aminoacids
HydrolysisofB.glutamine
HydrolysisofC.urea
NonoxidativedeaminationofD.aminoacids
OxidationofE.amines
17.themajorcomponentofnonproteinnitrogeninthebloodis
A.urea,B.,uricacid,C.,creatine,D.polypeptide,E.aminoacid
18.canthefreeammoniabeproducedbythecontinuousactionofalanineandalphapyruvate,alanineaminotransferase,andwhichofthefollowingenzymes?
A.B.C.aspartateaminotransferaseenzymeglutamatedehydrogenase
D.glutaminesynthetase,E.,glutaricdehydrogenase
19.inthepresenceofornithineandaminoacylphosphate,thesynthesisofureaalsoneedstobeadded
A.arginine,B.HCO3,C.,citrulline,D.,asparticacid,E.arenotabove
20.ureacycle
TheA.needstobesuppliedbytheCTP
B.asparticacidcontainscarbonmoietiesthatareincorporatedintoarginine
C.arginineisadirectprecursorofcitrulline
D.needsornithine
E.isadirectproductofoxaloacetateargininosuccinate.
Themainrouteofammoniainthebrainis21.
A.synthesisureaB.diffusionintobloodC.synthesisglutamine
D.synthesisofaminoacidsE.synthesisofpurine
22.whichofthefollowingcompoundscannotbesynthesizedfromtyrosine?
A.thyroxine,B.,epinephrine,C.
Dopamine,D.,phenylalanine,E.melanin
23.themainmeansofdeaminationofaminoacidsinmuscleis
CombineddeaminationofA.
B.L-oxidativedeaminationofglutamicacid
C.ammoniatransferaction
D.ornithinecycle
E.purinenucleotidecycle
Whichofthefollowing24.kindsofaminoacidsaftertransaminationcangenerateoxaloacetate
A.glutamicacid,B.,alanine,C.,threonine,D.,aspartate,E.,proline
25.whichofthefollowingsubstancesrequiresthesynthesisofasparticacid?
A.porphyrinB.steroidsC.sphingolipidD.pyrimidineE.coenzymeA
Whichvitamindoesthecoenzymeof26.transaminasecontain?
A.Vit.B1,B.Vit.B12,C.Vit.C,D.Vit.B6,E.Vit.D
27.whichofthefollowingsubstancesistheformofammoniastorageandtransportationinthebody?
A.glutamicacid,B.,tyrosine,C.,glutamine,D.,glutathione,E.,asparagine
28.whichofthefollowingsubstancesisthesupplierofsulfateradicalsinthebody?
A.ATPD.FADE.GMPB.NADPC.PAPS
29.albinismisduetodeficiency
A.tryptophanhydroxylase,B.tyrosinase,C.phenylalaninehydroxylase
D.prolinehydroxylaseisnomorethanE.
30.aminoacidsthatcanbeconverteddirectlyto-glutaricacid
A.ASP,B.,alanine,C.,glutamicacid,D.,glutamine,E.,asparagine
31.aminoacidsthatcanbeconvertedtoacetylCoAare
A.arginineB.
Leucine,C.,methionine,D.,threonine,E.,serine
32.theenzymethatrequiresN-acetylglutamateasanactivatorintheornithinecycleis
A.formylphosphatesynthetase
B.glutamyltransferase
C.argininesynthetase
D.argininesynthase
E.argininelyase
33.thevitaminsnecessaryfortheproductionofmethioninebyhomocysteineandN5-are
A.B.C.D.folicaciddihydrofolatetetrahydrofolateE.N5-methyltetrahydrofolicacidvitaminB12
34.whatisthelackofenzymesintheliverofpeoplewithphenylketonuria?
A.phenylalaninehydroxylaseB.tyrosinaseC.urineblackacidoxidase
D.tyrosineaminotransferaseE.versuspyruvateoxidase
Two.Fillintheblanks
Thedeaminationof1.aminoacidshasthreemainways.
2.anenzymethatcatalyzestheaminoacidreactionofaminoacids,saidthecoenzymeisthelatter,whichactsinthereaction.
3.thesimultaneousdeaminationrequiressimultaneousparticipationoftwoenzymes,thecentralsubstanceinthereactionbeing.
4.aspecificcombinationofdeaminationoccurringinmuscletissueisknownasthenucleotideinvolvedinthereaction,
Finally,theNH3isremovedbytheactionofanenzyme.
5.accordingtothemetabolictransformationofaminoacids,20aminoacidscanbedividedinto,and
Threecategory.
6.ammoniaistransportedmainlyinthebloodaswellasintwoforms.
7.theureaformationprocessiscombinedwiththethreecarboxylicacidcycle.
Thebasisofthe8.hepaticcomaammoniaintoxicationtheoryistheincorporationofammoniaintothebrain,resultinginadecreaseinbraintissueresultinginreducedATPproduction.
Theproductis9.aminoaciddecarboxylation,thesecatalyticreactionoftheenzyme,thecoenzyme.
10.acarbonunitinthebodyhas,,,and
Andsoforth,thecarrierofacarbonunitinmetabolismis.
11.catecholamineinclude,and,anditsformationand
Metabolismiscloselyrelated.
Three.Briefquestions
1.combineddeamination
2.purinenucleotidecycle
3.alanineglucosecycle
4.ornithinecycle
Five
Onecarbonunit
6.methioninecycle
7.-glutamylcycle
Four.Questionsandanswers
1.whatarethecommonpathwaysforcatabolismofvariousaminoacidsinthehumanbody?
Thebasicmetabolicprocessisbrieflydescribed.
2.whatisthemainmetabol
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 第七章 氨基酸代谢The seventh chapter Amino acid metabolism 第七 氨基酸 代谢 The
链接地址:https://www.bdocx.com/doc/28673524.html