英语演讲稿美国20世纪最伟大的演讲37John F Kennedy.docx
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英语演讲稿美国20世纪最伟大的演讲37John F Kennedy.docx
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英语演讲稿美国20世纪最伟大的演讲37JohnFKennedy
英语演讲稿
美国20世纪最伟大的演讲37JohnF.Kennedy
JohnF.Kennedy:
AmericanUniversityCommencementAddress
PresidentAnderson,membersofthefaculty,boardoftrustees,distinguishedguests,myoldcolleague,SenatorBobByrd,whohasearnedhisdegreethroughmanyyearsofattendingnightlawschool,whileIamearningmineinthenext30minutes,distinguishedguests,ladiesandgentlemen:
ItiswithgreatpridethatIparticipateinthisceremonyoftheAmericanUniversity,sponsoredbytheMethodistChurch,foundedbyBishopJohnFletcherHurst,andfirstopenedbyPresidentWoodrowWilsonin1914.Thisisayoungandgrowinguniversity,butithasalreadyfulfilledBishopHurst’senlightenedhopeforthestudyofhistoryandpublicaffairsinacitydevotedtothemakingofhistoryandtotheconductofthepublic’sbusiness.
Bysponsoringthisinstitutionofhigherlearningforallwhowishtolearn,whatevertheircolorortheircreed,theMethodistsofthisareaandthenationdeservethenation’sthanks,andIcommendallthosewhoaretodaygraduating.ProfessorWoodrowWilsononcesaidthateverymansentoutfromauniversityshouldbeamanofhisnationaswellasamanofhistime,andIamconfidentthatthemenandwomenwhocarrythehonorofgraduatingfromthisinstitutionwillcontinuetogivefromtheirlives,fromtheirtalents,ahighmeasureofpublicserviceandpublicsupport.
“Therearefewearthlythingsmorebeautifulthanauniversity,”wroteJohnMasefieldinhistributetoEnglishuniversitiesandhiswordsareequallytruetoday.Hedidnotrefertotowersortocampuses.Headmiredthesplendidbeautyofauniversity,becauseitwas,hesaid,“aplacewherethosewhohateignorancemaystrivetoknow,wherethosewhoperceivetruthmaystrivetomakeotherssee.”
Ihave,therefore,chosenthistimeandplacetodiscussatopiconwhichignorancetoooftenaboundsandthetruthtoorarelyperceived.Andthatisthemostimportanttopiconearth:
peace.WhatkindofpeacedoImeanandwhatkindofapeacedoweseek?
NotaPaxAmericanaenforcedontheworldbyAmericanweaponsofwar.Notthepeaceofthegraveorthesecurityoftheslave.Iamtalkingaboutgenuinepeace,thekindofpeacethatmakeslifeonearthworthliving,andthekindthatenablesmenandnationstogrow,andtohope,andbuildabetterlifefortheirchildrennotmerelypeaceforAmericansbutpeaceforallmenandwomen,notmerelypeaceinourtimebutpeaceinalltime.Ispeakofpeacebecauseofthenewfaceofwar.Totalwarmakesnosenseinanagewheregreatpowerscanmaintainlargeandrelativelyinvulnerablenuclearforcesandrefusetosurrenderwithoutresorttothoseforces.ItmakesnosenseinanagewhereasinglenuclearweaponcontainsalmosttentimestheexplosiveforcedeliveredbyallthealliedairforcesintheSecondWorldWar.
Itmakesnosenseinanagewhenthedeadlypoisonsproducedbyanuclearexchangewouldbecarriedbywindandwaterandsoilandseedtothefarcornersoftheglobeandtogenerationsyetunborn.
Todaytheexpenditureofbillionsofdollarseveryyearonweaponsacquiredforthepurposeofmakingsureweneverneedthemisessentialtothekeepingofpeace.Butsurelytheacquisitionofsuchidlestockpileswhichcanonlydestroyandnevercreateisnottheonly,muchlessthemostefficient,meansofassuringpeace.Ispeakofpeace,therefore,asthenecessary,rationalendofrationalmen.Irealizethepursuitofpeaceisnotasdramaticasthepursuitofwar,andfrequentlythewordsofthepursuersfallondeafears.Butwehavenomoreurgenttask.
Somesaythatitisuselesstospeakofpeaceorworldlaworworlddisarmament,andthatitwillbeuselessuntiltheleadersoftheSovietUnionadoptamoreenlightenedattitude.Ihopetheydo.Ibelievewecanhelpthemdoit.ButIalsobelievethatwemustreexamineourownattitudes,asindividualsandasaNation,forourattitudeisasessentialastheirs.
Andeverygraduateofthisschool,everythoughtfulcitizenwhodespairsofwarandwishestobringpeace,shouldbeginbylookinginward,byexamininghisownattitudetowardsthepossibilitiesofpeace,towardstheSovietUnion,towardsthecourseofthecoldwarandtowardsfreedomandpeacehereathome.
Firstexamineourattitudetowardspeaceitself.Toomanyofusthinkitisimpossible.Toomanythinkitisunreal.Butthatisadangerous,defeatistbelief.Itleadstotheconclusionthatwarisinevitable,thatmankindisdoomed,thatwearegrippedbyforceswecannotcontrol.
Weneednotacceptthatview.Ourproblemsaremanmade;therefore,theycanbesolvedbyman.Andmancanbeasbigashewants.Noproblemofhumandestinyisbeyondhumanbeings.Man’sreasonandspirithaveoftensolvedtheseeminglyunsolvable,andwebelievetheycandoitagain.Iamnotreferringtotheabsolute,infiniteconceptofuniversalpeaceandgoodwillofwhichsomefantasiesandfanaticsdream.Idonotdenythevalueofhopesanddreamsbutwemerelyinvitediscouragementandincredulitybymakingthatouronlyandimmediategoal.
Letusfocusinsteadonamorepractical,moreattainablepeace,basednotonasudden
revolutioninhumannaturebutonagradualevolutioninhumaninstitutionson
aseriesofconcreteactionsandeffectiveagreementswhichareintheinterestofallconcerned.Thereisnosingle,simplekeytothispeace;nograndormagicformulatobeadoptedbyoneortwopowers.Genuinepeacemustbetheproductofmanynations,thesumofmanyacts.Itmustbedynamic,notstatic,changingtomeetthechallengeofeachnewgeneration.Forpeaceisaprocessawayofsolvingproblems.
Withsuchapeace,therewillstillbequarrelsandconflictinginterests,astherearewithinfamiliesandnations.Worldpeace,likecommunitypeace,doesnotrequirethateachmanlovehisneighbor,itrequiresonlythattheylivetogetherinmutualtolerance,submittingtheirdisputestoajustandpeacefulsettlement.Andhistoryteachesusthatenmitiesbetweennations,asbetweenindividuals,donotlastforever.Howeverfixedourlikesanddislikesmayseem,thetideoftimeandeventswilloftenbringsurprisingchangesintherelationsbetweennationsandneighbors.Soletuspersevere.Peaceneednotbeimpracticable,andwarneednotbeinevitable.Bydefiningourgoalmoreclearly,bymakingitseemmoremanageableandlessremote,wecanhelpallpeopletoseeit,todrawhopefromit,andtomoveirresistiblytowardsit.
Andsecond,letusreexamineourattitudetowardstheSovietUnion.Itisdiscouragingtothinkthattheirleadersmayactuallybelievewhattheirpropagandistswrite.Itisdiscouragingtoreadarecent,authoritativeSoviettextonmilitarystrategyandfind,onpageafterpage,whollybaselessandincredibleclaims,suchastheallegationthatAmericanimperialistcirclesarepreparingtounleashdifferenttypesofwar,thatthereisaveryrealthreatofapreventivewarbeingunleashedbyAmericanimperialistsagainsttheSovietUnion,andthatthepoliticalaimsandIquote“oftheAmericanimperialistsaretoenslaveeconomicallyandpoliticallytheEuropeanandothercapitalistcountriesandtoachieveworlddominationbymeansofaggressivewar.”
Truly,asitwaswrittenlongago:
“Thewickedfleewhennomanpursueth.”
YetitissadtoreadtheseSovietstatements,torealizetheextentofthegulfbetweenus.Butitisalsoawarning,awarningtotheAmericanpeoplenottofallintothesametrapastheSoviets,nottoseeonlyadistortedanddesperateviewoftheotherside,nottoseeconflictasinevitable,accommodationasimpossible,andcommunicationasnothingmorethananexchangeofthreats.
Nogovernmentorsocialsystemissoevilthatitspeoplemustbeconsideredaslackinginvirtue.AsAmericans,wefindcommunismprofoundlyrepugnantasanegationofpersonalfreedomanddignity.ButwecanstillhailtheRussianpeoplefortheirmanyachievementsinscienceandspace,ineconomicandindustrialgrowth,inculture,inactsofcourage.
Amongthemanytraitsthepeoplesofourtwocountrieshaveincommon,noneisstrongerthanourmutualabhorrenceofwar.Almostuniqueamongthemajorworldpowers,wehaveneverbeenatwarwitheachother.AndnonationinthehistoryofbattleeversufferedmorethantheSovietUnionintheSecondWorldWar.Atleast20millionlosttheirlives.Countlessmillionsofhomesandfamilieswereburnedorsacked.Athirdofthenation’sterritory,includingtwothirdsofitsindustrialbase,wasturnedintoawastelandalossequivalenttothedestructionofthiscountryeastofChicago.
Today,shouldtotalwareverbreakoutagainnomatterhowourtwocountrieswillbetheprimarytarget.Itisanironicbutaccuratefactthatthetwostrongestpowersarethetwointhemostdangerofdevastation.Allwehavebuilt,allwehaveworkedfor,wouldbedestroyedinthefirst24hours.Andeveninthecoldwar,whichbringsburdensanddangerstosomanycountries,includingthisNation’sclosestallies,ourtwocountriesbeartheheaviestburdens.Forwearebothdevotingmassivesumsofmoneytoweaponsthatcouldbebetterdevotedtocombatignorance,poverty,anddisease.Wearebothcaughtupinaviciousanddangerouscycle,withsuspicionononesidebreedingsuspicionontheother,andnewweaponsbegettingcounterweapons.
Inshort,boththeUnitedStatesanditsallies,andtheSovietUnionanditsallies,haveamutuallydeepinterestinajustandgenuinepeaceandinhaltingthearmsrace.
AgreementstothisendareintheinterestsoftheSovietUnionaswellasours.Andeventhemosthostilenationscanbereliedupontoacceptandkeepthosetreatyobligations,andonlythosetre
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