非谓语动词讲解及其中考重点练习题目及解答.docx
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非谓语动词讲解及其中考重点练习题目及解答.docx
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非谓语动词讲解及其中考重点练习题目及解答
非谓语动词
一、非谓语动词全面总结
我们把在句子当中起名词、形容词或副词作用,充当谓语之外的其它句子成分的动词称为非谓语动词。
非谓语动词有三种形式:
不定式、分词(现在分词和过去分词)、动名词。
(一).后面可跟动词的ing形式的情况
1.动词:
finishdoingsth.完成做某事;enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事;practicedoingsth.练习做某事;imaginedoing,想象做某事;avoiddoingsth.避免做某事;considerdoingsth.考虑做某事;suggestdoingsth.建议做某事;minddoingsth.介意做某事;keepdoingsth.持续做某事
2.固定短语:
feellikedoingsth.喜欢做某事;bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事;beworthdoing值得做某事;spendtime(in)doingsth.花费时间(金钱)做某事;havedifficult/troubleindoingsth做某事有困难;havefundoing.做某事高兴
3.介词后(on,in,of,about,at,with,without,for,from,up,by等)
如:
begoodatdoingsth.;thankyoufordoingsth.;giveupdoingsth.;stopsb.fromdoingsth.;dowellindoingsth.;beafraidofdoingsth.;beinterestedindoingsth.;beproudof;insteadof;befondof
4.to作介词的情况lookforwardtodoingsth期望做某事;preferdoingsth.todoingsth与…相比较更喜欢…;payattentiontodoing注意做某事;be/getusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事;makeacontributionto为…做贡献
(二).后面可跟动词的不定式形式的情况
1.动词:
agreetodo同意去做;affordtodo买得起;decidetodo决定去做某事;hopetodo希望去做;wishtodo希望去做;failtodo做某事失败去;plantodo打算去做;pretendtodo假装去做;refusetodo拒绝去做;wouldliketodo想要去做;wanttodo想要去做某事;learntodo学做;prefertodosth.喜欢(爱)做某事;sb.seemtodosth好像做某事;want/wouldliketodosth.想做……;usedtodosth.过去常做某事
2.句型.
allowsb.todosth.允许某人去做某事
askedsb.(not)todosth.叫某人做事某事(叫某人不要去做某事)
tellsb.(not)todosth.叫某人去(不要)做某事
followsb.todosth.跟随某人去做某事
getsb.todosth.让某人做某事
warnsb.(not)todosth.警告某人做某事(或不要做某事)
beamazedtodosth.对做某事感到惊讶
beafraidtodosth.害怕做某事
beexcitedtodosth.对做……感到兴奋
befrightenedtodosth.害怕去做某事
beglad/happytodosth.高兴去做某事
be/getreadytodosth.准备做某事
besorrytodosth.对做某事感到抱歉
besurprisedtodosth.对做某事感到惊奇
can’twaittodosth.迫不急待地去做某事
get/haveachancetodosth.得到一个做某事的机会
It’s+adj.+(forsb.)todosth.做某事(对某人来说)怎么样
It’s+adj.+(ofsb.)todosth.
Ittakessb.sometime/moneytodosth.花费某人多长时间做某事(常考)
It’sbestforsb.todosth.对某人来说做某事是最好的
It’stimeforsb.todosth.是某人做某事的时候了
too…(forsb.)to…太……以致不能……==not…enoughtodo
prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.宁愿……而不愿……(常考)
somethingtoeat/drink一些吃/喝的东西(词不定式放在something等后修饰这些
Sth.ishard/difficult/easytodo做好某事很难/容易
taketurnstodosth.轮流做……
Thereisnotime(forsb.)todosth.对(某人来说)没时间做某事了
Thereisnoneed(forsb.)todosth.对某人来说没必要做某事
try/doone’sbesttodosth.尽力去做某事
(三)、后既能跟不定式也能跟动名词的情况:
1、后加不定式或动名词意思相近的动词
有些动词接doing和todo意义相近像like(喜欢),love(喜欢),hate(憎恨),prefer(宁可),begin(开始),start(开始),continue(继续)。
如:
等词后加不定式或动名词区别不大:
如:
liketodo表示想要做某一具体的动作likedong表示一般或抽象的多次动作它们在实际使用中区别很小。
2、后加不定式或动名词区别较大的动词:
remembertodo(记住去做)rememberdoing(记得做过)
forgettodo(忘记去做)forgetdoing(忘记做过)
trytodo(设法做)trydoing(试着做)
goontodo(接着做另一事)goondoing(继续做同一事)
stoptodo(停下来去做)stopdoing(停止做)
can’thelptodo(不能帮助做)can’thelpdoing(情不自禁做)
(四)、后跟不带to的不定式(动词原形)的情况。
1.在感官动词和使役动词后
feel,hear,listento,watch,lookat,see,notice,make,let,have等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时应省去不定式符号to。
注意:
将此句改为被动句时,省去的不定式符号to应加上。
在动词help后跟不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时,既可带to,也可不带to。
2.助动词或情态动词后:
do,did,does,will,shall,would,should,can,may,must等后面接不带to的动词不定式。
3.某些固定句型中
1)Will(Would)youplease(not)...?
请(不要)做某事好吗?
2)hadbetter最好做某事
3)Whynot...?
为何不做某事
4)wouldrather(not)...宁可(不);宁愿(不)此句型也可以扩展成:
wouldrather...than...=would...ratherthan...。
5)在祈使语气(或口语)中。
(五).既可跟动词原形又可跟动词ing形式的情况。
see,watch,hear等动词,后面既可跟原形又可跟动名词形式,跟原形时表示做过或经常做,跟动名词时表示正在做。
see/watchsb.dosth.看到某人做过(经常做)某事see/watchsb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事
hearsb.dosth.听到某人做过(经常做)某事hearsb.doingsth.听到某人正在做某事
二、中考重点知识
1.stoptodosth.和stopdoingsth.
“stoptodosth.”表示停止做其它事情而去做“todosth.”所表示的事情,可以将“todosth.”理解成“stop”的目的状语;“stopdoingsth.”表示不做“doingsth.”所表示的事情。
例如:
“Stoptalking.Let’sbeginourclass.”saidtheteacher.老师说:
“别说话了,让我们开始上课。
”
Wehavekeptdoingourhomeworkforalongtime.Let’sstoptolistentomusic.我们做家庭作业很长时间了,让我们停下来听听音乐。
1.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_________onabigrockbythesideofthepath.
A.tohaverested B.resting
C.torest D.rest
2.forgettodosth.和forgetdoingsth.(remembertodosth.和rememberdoingsth.)
“forgettodosth.”表示将来不要忘记做某事,谈的是未来的事情;“forgetdoingsth.”表示忘记过去应该做的事情。
例如:
“Don’tforgettodoyourhomework.”saidtheteacherbeforetheclasswasover.
老师在下课前说:
“不要忘记做家庭作业。
”
1.Shedidn’tremember___________himbefore.
A.havingmet B.havemet
C.tomeet D.tohavingmet
3.havesth.done.(过去分词)(让别人)做某事
例如:
Ihadmyhaircutyesterdayafternoon.我昨天下午理了发。
Mycomputercannotworknow.Imusthaveitrepaired.我的电脑有故障了,我必须让人修好它。
——Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?
——I’dliketohavethispackage___________,madam.
A.beweighed B.tobeweighed
C.toweigh D.weighed
39.——CanIhelpyou?
——I’dliketohavetheshoes________,fortheyareabitsmaller.
A.changing B.changed
C.tobechanging D.bechanged
4.感官动词后接不带to的不定式或者现在分词的区别
例如:
seesb.dosth.看见某人(经常)做某事和seesb.doingsth.看见某人(正在)做某事
Ioftenseehimdoexerciseinthemorning.我经常在早晨看见他锻炼身体。
WhenIwaswalkinginthepark,Isawhimdrawingapicturethere.当我在公园散步的时候,我看见他正在那里画画。
1.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher_________upfromchildhood.
A.grow B.grew C.wasgrowing D.togrow
2Thenextmorningshefoundtheman_______inbed,dead.
A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying
5.在主动语态中,感官动词(see,hear,feel,watch等)和使役动词(make,have,let等)要求接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语,而在被动语态里,不定式要带上to。
例如:
Thebossoftenmadetheworkerswork10hoursaday.
Theworkersweremadetowork10hoursaday.
练习一
1.Nooneenjoys_____at.
A.laughingB.tolaughC.beinglaughedD.tobelaughed
2.Youmustdosomethingtopreventyourhouse__________.
A.tobebrokeninB.frombeingbrokeninC.tobreakinD.frombreakingin
3.Theyinsistedon_________anotherchancetotry.
A.givenB.givingC.beinggivenD.tobegiven
4.—Whereismypassport?
Iremember________ ithere.
—Youshouldn'thaveleftithere.Remember____________itwithyouallthetime.
A.toput;totake B.putting;taking C.putting;totake D.toput;taking
5.Hisroomneeds_______,sohemusthaveit_________.
A.painting;painted B.painted;painting
C.painting;painting D.painted;painted
6.Theyoungtreesweplantedlastweekrequire________withgreatcare.
A.lookingafter B.tolookafter C.tobelookedafterD.takengoodcareof
7.Apolicemansawtwothieves____agirl’smobilephoneonabusandhecaughtthematonce.
A.tostealB.stealingC.stoleD.stolen
8.Shereturnedhomeonlytofindthedooropenandsomething_________ .
A.missedB.tobemissingC.missingD.tobemissed
9.Shedecidedtodevoteherself______theproblemofoldage.
A.tostudyB.studyingC.tostudyingD.study
10.Ittooktheworkmenonlytwohourstofinish________mycar.
A.repairingB.repairC.torepairD.repaired
11.It'snogood________oversplitmilk.
A.tocryB.cryingC.criedD.cry
12.Haveyouforgotten___________$1000frommelastmonth?
Willyoupleaseremember_________ittomorrow?
A.borrowing;tobringB.toborrow;bring
C.borrowed;bringingD.borrowing;bringing
13.Theclassroomwants__________.
A.cleanB.cleanedC.tocleanD.cleaning
14.Jacksaidthathewouldn'tmind___________forus.
A.towaitB.waitC.waitingD.waited
15.Mybrotherkeeps_________mewithmywork.
A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped
16.Weshouldoftenpractise_________Englishwitheachother.
A.tospeakB.spokeC.speakD.speaking
17.Keepon_________andyouwillsucceed.
A.atryB.tryC.triingD.trying
18.Hisparentsinsiston____________tocollege.
A.heshouldgoB.hegoC.hisgoingD.himtogo
19.Thestorywassofunnythatwe___________.
A.couldn'thelplaughB.can'tbutlaugh
C.couldn'thelplaughingD.couldn'thelpbuttolaugh
20.Whatabout_________totheconcertwithus?
A.wegoB.wegoingC.goingD.togo
21.__________cleanisasafeguardagainstdisease.
A.TobekeepingB.KeptC.KeepD.Keeping
22.Seeingis_________.
A.tobelieveB.believingC.believedD.beingbelieved
23.Thescientistsuggested____theexperimentinadifferentway.
A.doB.todoC.doingD.done
24.Don'tforget_____thisbooktoJohnwhenyouseehim.
A.toreturnB.returningC.returnD.toreturning
25.Onlyoneofthesebooksis_____.
A.worthtoreadB.worthbeingreadC.worthofreadingD.worthreading
26.Wearebothlookingforwardto_____nextweek.
A.goingonvacationB.goonvacation
C.begoingonvacationD.havegoneonvacation
27.Hehadnodifficulty_____theproblems.
A.workingoutB.havingworkedoutC.tohaveworkedoutD.toworkout
28.Iregretted_____thattoher.
A.havingsaidB.tohavesaidC.tosayD./
29.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,________alongspeechforthepresident.
A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing
30.Don’thavethemachine________allthetime.Itwillgowrong.
A.torunB.runningC.beenrunD.run
31.Thefoodwasdelicious.Thatwasa__________meal.
A.satisfyingB.satisfiedC.satisfactionD.satisfy
32.Lookaroundwhen__________thestreet.
A.acrossB.crossingC.crossedD.tobecrossing
33.Inthemorningshefoundherfather_____________inbed,dead.
A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying
34.Isawhim________intoyourroomwhenyouwerenotin.
A.goneB.goingC.wentD.togo
35.Pleasekeepquiet.Fatherisbusy________.
A.workB.toworkC.workingD.works
36.Sallyhadnopen____yesterdaymorning.
A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwith
37.It’stimeforclass.Stop_________,please.
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