届人教版高三英语二轮复习测试题型组合练三十一阅读理解+语法填空+短文改错.docx
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届人教版高三英语二轮复习测试题型组合练三十一阅读理解+语法填空+短文改错.docx
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届人教版高三英语二轮复习测试题型组合练三十一阅读理解+语法填空+短文改错
题型组合练(三十一) 阅读理解+语法填空+短文改错
Ⅰ.阅读理解
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
(2019·福建三校高三联考)Airpollutionshortenshumanlivesbymorethanayear,accordingtoanewstudyfromateamofleadingenvironmentalengineersandpublichealthresearchers.Betterairqualitycouldleadtoasignificantextensionoflifespans(寿命)aroundtheworld.
Itisthefirsttimethatdataonairpollutionandthelifespanhasbeenstudiedtogetherinordertocheckhowairpollutionaffectsoveralllifeexpectancy.
Theresearcherslookedatoutdoorairpollutionfromparticulatematter(PM)(颗粒物)smallerthan2.5microns.Theseparticulatescanenterdeepintothelungs,andbreathingPM2.5isassociatedwiththeincreasedriskofheartattacks,strokesandcancer.PM2.5pollutioncomesfrompowerplants,carsandtrucks,fires,agricultureandindustrialemissions(排放物).
LedbyJoshuaApte,theteamuseddatafromtheGlobalBurdenofDiseaseStudytomeasurePM2.5airpollutionexposureanditsconsequencesin185countries.Theythenquantifiedthenationalimpactonlifeexpectancyforeachindividualcountryaswellasonaglobalscale.
“Thefactthatairpollutionisamajorglobalkillerisalreadywellknown,”saidApte.“Andweallcareabouthowlongwecanlive.Here,wewereabletosystematicallyidentifyhowairpollutionshortenslivesaroundtheworld.Whatwefoundisthatairpollutionhasaverylargeeffecto
nsurvival—onaverageaboutayearglobally.”
Inthecontextofothersignificantphenomenanegativelyaffectinghumansurvivalrates,Aptesaidthisisabignumber.“Forexample,it'sconsiderablylargerthanthebenefitinsurvivalwemightseeifwefoundcuresforbothlungandbreastcancercombined,”hesaid.“IncountrieslikeIndiaandChina,thebenefitforelderlypeopleofimprovingairqualitywouldbeespeciallylarge.FormuchofAsia,ifairpollutionwereremovedasariskfordeath,60yearoldswouldhavea15percentto20percenthigherchanceoflivingtoage85orolder.”
1.WhatdoweknowaboutPM2.5?
A.Ithasabadeffectonhumanhealth.
B.Itwillbecontrolledinthefuture.
C.Itmainlycomesfromindustrialemissions.
D.ItspreadstotheworldfromAsiancountries.
2.Whatdidtheresearchersdotostudyhowairpollutionaffectsthelifespan?
A.TheycollectedaccurateinformationfromalltheAsiancountries.
B.Theyemployedtheresearchdatatocalculatetheeffect.
C.Theystudiedthediseaseandlifespantogethertimeandtimeagain.
D.Theymeasuredparticulatemattermuchmorecarefullythanbefore.
3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?
A.Thekeytopeoplelivinglongerisgoodairquality.
B.Peoplethinkairpollutionisthemostdangerouskillertothem.
C.Aptewillagreethatpeopleshouldtakeactiontodealwithairpollution.
D.Factoriesshoulddecreasetheproductionofcarstostopairpollution.
4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.Thewayhumanbeingsenjoyalongerlifespan
B.Theimportanceofgettingridofairp
ollution
C.Asianpeoplearesufferingfromseriousairpollution
D.Airpollutionreducesthelifespanbymorethanoneyear
体裁:
说明文 题材:
环境保护 主题:
空气污染导致人的寿命减少一年以上
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。
研究表明,良好的空气质量有益于延长寿命,但是空气污染易导致细颗粒物进入人体肺部,导致心脏病、癌症、中风发病率升高,从而影响人的寿命。
1.解析:
细节理解题。
根据第二段第二句“Theseparticulatescanenterdeepintothelungs,andbreathingPM2.5isassociatedwiththeincreasedriskofheartattacks,strokesandcancer”可知,PM2.5影响人体健康,故A项正确。
答案:
A
2.解析:
细节理解题。
根据第二段“Itisthefirsttimethatdataonairpollutionandthelifespanhasbeenstudiedtogetherinordertocheckhowairpollutionaffectsoveralllifeexpectancy”可知,这是首次将空气污染和寿命数据结合起来研究,以查明空气污染如何影响总体预期寿命。
故B项正确。
答案:
B
3.解析:
推理判断题。
根据尾段的内容,尤其是“IncountrieslikeIndiaandChina,thebenefitforelderlypeopleofimprovingairqualitywouldbeespeciallylarge”可知,Apte认为改善空气质量对老年人有好处;据此可推知,他会同意人们采取措施应对空气污染,故C项正确。
答案:
C
4.解析:
标题判断题。
通读全文可知,文章第一段第一句“Airpollutionshortenshumanlivesbymorethanayear,accordingtoanewst
udyfromateamofleadingenvironmentalengineersandpublichealthresearchers”为全文的主题句,结合全文内容可知,文章通过介绍科学研究,说明空气污染导致人的寿命减少一年以上。
故D项最适合作本文的标题。
答案:
D
B
(2019·长沙四校高三模拟)AtinyAlaskavillag
ehasexperiencedaboomintourisminrecentyearsaspolarbearsspendmoretimeonlandthanonArcticseaice.
Morethan2,000peoplevisitedthenorthernAlaskavillageofKaktovikin2018toseepolarbearsinthewild.Thefarnorthcommunityliesinanareawhereincreasinglyhighertemperaturehasspedupthemovementofseaice,theprimaryhabitat(栖息地)ofpolarbears.Asicehasgraduallymovedtodeepwaterbeyondthecontinentalshelf,morebearsareremainingonlandtolookforfood.
PolarbearshavealwaysbeenacommonsightonseaicenearKaktovik,butvillagersstartednoticingachangeinthemid1990s.Morebearsseemedtostayonland,andresearchersbegantakingnoteofmorefemalebearsmakinghomesinthesnowonlandinsteadofontheic
etoraisetheirbabies.USFishandWildlifeServicebiologistsbeganhearingreportsoftheincreasingnumberofpolarbearsintheareaintheearly2000s.Asmoreattentionwasgiventotheplight(困难)ofpolarbearsaboutadecadeago,moretouristsstartedheadingtoKaktovik.
Thevillagehadfewerthan50visitorsannuallybefore2011,saidJenniferReed,oftheArcticNationalWildlifeRefuge.“Todaywe'retalkingabouthundredsandhundredsofvisitors,manyfromaroundtheworldeachyear,”Reedsaid.Mosttouristsvisitinthefall,whenbearsareforcedtowardlandbecauseseaiceisfarthestawayfromtheshore.BruceInglan
gasak,alocalhunterwhosometimesofferswildlifeviewingtours,saidhe'sbeenofferingpolarbeartourssince2004.Mostofhisclients(客户)arefromChinaandEurop
e,aswellasfromthelower48USstates.Manytouristsstayseveraldaysinthevillage,whichhastwosmallhotels.Thevillagershavebenefitedalotfromthat.Inturn,theyprovidemoreeffectiveprotectionforpolarbearswithfinancialsupportfromtourismdevelopment.
5.WhatcausesmorepolarbearstostayonlandinKaktovik?
A.Foodshortage.
B.Climatechange.
C.Habitats'movementtoshore.
D.Theirpreferenceforland.
6.Howdidcommonpeoplefeelaboutmoresightofbearsonland?
A.Excited. B.Puzzled.
C.Concerned.D.Shocked.
7.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?
A.HotelsinKaktovikareindemandinautumn.
B.Kaktovikhasabout50visitorsannually.
C.Inglangasakmakesalivingasatourguide.
D.Tourismaffectsthebalanceofnature.
8.Whichsayingcandescribethetext?
A.Thefittestcansurvive.
B.Afterastormcomesacalm.
C.Thereisalwaysopportunityincrisis.
D.Everycoinhastwosides.
体裁:
说明文 题材:
社会生活 主题:
北极熊登陆促进旅游业发展
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。
气候变暖导致海冰融化,北极熊登陆,为阿拉斯加的一个小村庄带来了巨大的人气,促进了当地旅游业发展,当地人又用旅游业的收入为北极熊提供积极的保护。
5.解析:
细节理解题。
根据第二段中的“Thefarnorthcommunityliesinanareawhereincreasinglyhighertemperaturehasspedupthemovementofseaice,theprimaryhabitat(栖息地)ofpolarbears.Asicehasgraduallymovedtodeepwaterbeyondthecontinentalshelf,morebearsareremainingonlandtolookforfood”可知,全球变暖加速了海冰融化,破坏了北极熊原本的栖息地,故越来越多的北极熊待在陆地上以寻找食物,故选B。
答案:
B
6.解析:
观点态度题。
根据第三段的内容可知,随着越来越多的北极熊出现在陆地上,研究人员、生物学
家等也越来越多地关注北极熊所处的这一困境,随后,更多游客前往Kaktovik。
由此可推知,大众对更多北极熊登陆现象表示关注。
故选C项。
答案:
C
7.解析:
推理判断题。
根据最后一段中的“Mosttouristsvisitinthefall”“Many
touristsstayseveraldaysinthevillage,whichhastwosmallhotels”可知,大多数游客会选择在秋季去Kaktovik游览,而且很多游客会在这个小村庄待上
几天,而这个小村庄只有两个小旅馆,故可推知在秋季,Kaktovik的旅馆很抢手。
答案:
A
8.解析:
推理判断题。
通读文章可知,因为全球气候变暖,北极熊被迫登陆来寻找食物以生存下去,这本来是北极熊的困境,然而北极熊登陆却为一个小村庄带来了旅游业的发展,这对小村庄来说是一个机遇,同时,村民又利用旅游业收入为北极熊提供更多保护。
因此D项“事物都有两面性”符合语境。
答案:
D
Ⅱ.语法填空
阅读下面的短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2019·福州高三质量检测)TheinformationI1.________(collect)inthelastfewyearsleadsmetobelievethatspeedreadingmaybeless2.________(use)thanmostpeoplethink.Theclaimthatyoucanreadandcomprehendover30,000wordsperminuteisoverstated.Oneresearcherprovedthisinastudywhereirrelevantandillogicalsentenceswereaddedtothetext.The“speedreaders”3.________weretesteddidn'tnoticetheirrelevantlines—thereaderswhoreadslowlyspottedthemimmediately.
I'veinterviewedpeoplewhohaveattendedtheintroductorysessions4.________(offer)bysomespeedreadingcourses.5.________(them)storiesindicatethatimpropermethodsaresometimesusedtosellthecourses.Here'show:
First,you'reaskedtoreadapassagefromabook6.________whichmostpersonswouldbeunfamiliar.Yourreadi
ngspeedandcomprehensionaretestedduringthisexercise.Then,afterabouthalf7.________hourofinstruction,anotherreadingtestisgiven.ButthistimethereadingistheonemosteducatedAmericansknowwell—suchasAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.Not8.________(surprising),personsattendingtheseintroductorysessionsfindthattheir“exit”speedandcomprehensionarebetterthantheir“entry”9.________(perform).
I'moneofthefictionreaderswhoappreciatethebeautyingoodwriting.OccasionallyI'llreadapassageorsentenceoverandoverjust10.________(let)thebeautyofitsconstructionsoakin(渗透).Goodwritingmustbereadcarefullyandthoughtfullytobefullyappreciated.
体裁:
说明文 题材:
文化生活 主题:
快速阅读并非那么有用
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。
过去几年“我”收集到的信息表明,快速阅读可能没有大多数人认为的那么有用,仔细阅读才能领略文字的魅力。
1.解析:
考查动词的时态。
根据该句中的“inthelastfewyears”可知,该处可用现在完成时,意为“过去几年收集到的信息让我相信快速阅读可能没有大多数人认为的那么有用”;收集信息的动作也可以看成从过去开始一直持续到当前的动作,故也可以用现在完成进行时。
故填havecollected/havebeencollecting。
答案:
havecollected/havebeencollecting
2.解析:
考查形容词。
句意参见上题解析。
根据空前的“beless”及空后的“than”可知,空处应用形容词,故填useful。
答案:
useful
3.解析:
考查定语从句。
分析该句结构可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词The“speedreaders”,且在从句中作主语,表示人,故用who或that引导该定语从句。
答案:
who/that
4.解析:
考查非谓语动词。
根据空后的“by”并结合语境可知,动词offer和其主语theintroductorysessions之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用其过去分词形式作后置定语。
答案:
offered
5.解析:
考查代词。
根据空前一句中的“I'veinterviewedpeople”及空后的“stories”可知,此处表示“他们的故事”,故用形容词性物主代词their。
答案:
Their
6.解析:
考查介词。
分析该句结
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