铲车岗位操作手册.docx
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铲车岗位操作手册.docx
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铲车岗位操作手册
铲车岗位操作手册
混凝土
车队司机岗位操作手册
编制:
王义明
审批:
赵永梅
批准:
张明
文件编号:
MXSN-SN-ZK-01
一、司机岗位职责·····················································4
二、顺应范围························································4
三、岗位作业规程·····················································4
四、装载机平安作业操作规程···········································4
五、装载机运用中的本卷须知···········································5
六、装载机作业方法···················································6
6.1铲装作业························································6
6.1.1作业预备····················································6
9.1.2作业进程····················································6
6.2铲装方法························································6
9.2.1一次铲装法··················································6
6.2.2配合铲装法··················································6
6.3装载机与运输车辆配合的作业方案·································6
6.3.1、V型作业方法···············································6
6.3.2、I型作业方法···············································7
6.3.3、L型作业方法···············································7
6.3.4、T型作业方法···············································7
6.4搬运任务························································7
6.5推运作业························································7
6.6整地作业························································7
6.6.1撒土作业···················································7
6.6.2粗平整·····················································7
6.6.3精平整·····················································7
6.7开掘作业·····················································7
6.7.1铲进作业···················································7
6.7.2挖土作业···················································7
6.8牵引作业························································8
七、装载机的停车·························································8
八、卫生环保职责·························································8
九、装载机的活期保养和润滑···············································8
9.1日常反省保养······················································8
9.1.1每班启动发起机前应反省的部位··································8
9.1.2每班启动发起机后应反省的部位··································9
9.1.3作业运转中的反省··············································9
9.2活期维护保养······················································9
9.2.1每50任务小时的维·············································9
9.2.2每100任务小时的维护··········································9
9.2.3每250任务小时的维护··········································9
9.2.4每500任务小时的维护··········································9
9.2.5每1000任务小时的维护·········································10
9.2.6每2000任务小时的维护·········································10
十、装载机的罕见缺点及扫除···············································11
10.1传动系统·························································11
㈠各档变速压力均低·················································11
㈡某个档变速压力底·················································11
㈢变矩器油温过高···················································11
㈣发起机高转速车开不动·············································11
㈤驱动力缺乏·······················································11
㈥变速箱油位增高···················································11
10.2制动系统························································11
㈠脚制动力缺乏····················································11
㈡刹车后挂不上档〔变速压力表不指示〕·······························12
㈢停车制动器不能正常松开··········································12
㈣听车后空气罐压力迅速下降〔30分钟气压下降超越0.1MPa〕············12
㈤刹车气压表压力上升缓慢··········································12
㈥紧急及停车制动力缺乏············································12
10.3任务液压系统····················································12
㈠动臂提升力缺乏或转斗提升力缺乏··································12
㈡发起机高转速时,转斗或动臂提升缓慢······························12
10.4转向液压系统····················································12
㈠转向费力························································12
㈡车子转向不颠簸··················································13
㈢车子左右转向都慢················································13
㈣车子一边转向快一边转向慢········································13
㈤转动方向盘车子不转向············································13
㈥司机不操作车子自传··············································13
㈦司机不操作方向盘自传············································13
㈧车子高速运转时转向太快··········································13
㈨转向泵噪音大,转向缸举措缓慢···································13
10.5电气系统·························································13
㈠发电机不发电或收回电压低·········································13
㈡发电机过热·······················································13
㈢蓄电池不充电或充电电流过小······································14
㈣蓄电池充电电流长时间过大········································14
㈤电传感仪表无指示················································14
㈥发起机无法启动或启动困难········································14
㈦发电机不熄火····················································14
㈧灯具不亮························································14
㈨仪表指示至最少量程··············································14
十一、本钱质量控制····················································15
11.1装载机节油的管理················································15
11.3车辆加油管理···················································15
11.4展开修旧利废活动················································15
11.5实行定人定车管理················································15
一、司机岗位职责
1.1熟习车辆任务原理、机械知识,交通规那么。
1.2自觉遵守交通法规和平安操作规程,严厉执行车辆日常保养制度。
1.3驾驶所属车辆完成消费义务。
担任各条消费线上料、堆场均化平整、物料倒运等任务。
1.4遵从中控值班主任的一致调动,保证各消费岗位上的正常运转;除水泥事业部中控室和车队长以外,其他任何人没有权益随意调车。
1.5每位司机严厉执行定人定车制度,不准乱用他人车辆。
对所属车辆经常要自动停止维护、保养。
1.6对发作缺点的车辆应及时向车队申报,小缺点自己担任扫除,大缺点应提出维修方案并配合修缮工实施维修。
1.7仔细完成值班长与车队长零时布置的任务义务。
1.8仔细学习岗位知识,努力提高技术水平,增强效劳质量。
二、适用范围
适用于蒙西混凝土车队司机。
三、岗位作业规程
3.1下班必需在45分钟前到中控值班主任室签到,误点后必需抵达现场。
3.2司机上料时,必需按值班主任的规则和比例上料;并与上料工配合完成上料义务;无故不得上错或耽误上料。
3.3自觉干好任务范围内的活,不得故意拖延任务时间或收工不出力。
3.4司机在交接班时,各岗位料仓必需上满,堆场必需平整好;熟料库必需倒空;并同时向下一班司机交代上料状况和消费顺序。
3.5值班车辆的活动范围为水泥事业部消费线,加油、修缮或别的事情要分开作业现场,必需向值班主任、班长请假。
3.6每班值班车辆要为下一班司机加好燃油,保证消费正常运转。
3.7车辆在修缮时期,司机必需一人在场担任配件的领用,并监视车辆的维修质量。
四、装载机平安作业操作规程
4.1一切本部门岗位工必需经过岗前三级〔质技部、水泥事业部、工段〕平安、消防培训并经考试合格前方可上岗;
4.2装载机驾驶员必需经过专业操作培训,熟习装载机的结构、功用及任务原理,经考试合格后,持证方可操作装载机。
4.3车辆在厂区内行走时,最高时速不得超越每小时10公里;不得超速行驶欺行霸道;对其它车辆要相互避让平安经过。
4.4车辆在运转时,除装载机驾驶室内动臂与前车架之间,铲斗、机盖及其它任何部位一概不准乘坐人。
4.5严禁酒后上岗,或将车辆交于非驾驶员驾驶。
4.6车辆在作业现场必需要留意该现场其它任务人员的平安,设备的平安,行进前进时一定要环顾周围有无车辆行人经过;并和所装卸车辆坚持一定的平安距离。
4.5司机在各岗位上一定要和放料工配合好,上料时要鸣喇叭并下车检查篦子上能否有人,确认无人方可上料。
4.6一切司机必需时辰留意平安看法,在执行各种任务义务时,该义务存在有不平安要素的司机有权拒绝不干并向下级反映。
4.7车辆运用时,司机必需仔细反省各油位和冷却水及各机械衔接部件的状况;经常反省并紧固各种螺丝螺母;防止车辆的早期磨损和损坏;把事故处置在萌芽形状。
4.8装载机行驶时,铲斗应坚持在运输位置,即斗底与空中相距约400mm。
应防止急减速、急转弯、急刹车和锯齿形行车等,以保证装载机能动摇行驶。
4.9装载机在下坡时,严禁封锁发起机脱档滑行。
否那么,将会招致液压转向失灵,形成严重行车事故。
4.10装载机在停止装卸物料时,严禁在物料倾向一侧或铲斗举至最洼位置时运输物料,以确保动摇,保证装载机平安行驶。
4.11装载机取货前,车体前后应成直线,对正并接近货堆,同时将铲斗平行接触空中,然后停止取货。
4.12取货时要依据物料的阻力,选用适当的档位和速度,铲斗拔出货堆后,提升动臂,同时把铲斗向后收,车体继续行进。
4.13装载机作业时应遵守以下〝六不准〞:
①不准用高速档取货;
②不准边转向边取货;
③不准降低铲斗行驶;
④不准在斜坡路面上横向行驶;
⑤不准铲斗侧重行驶;
⑤不准在升起的铲斗下面站人或停止检修。
五、装载机运用中的本卷须知
6.1停止出车前的反省任务,确认各部位正常后,反省各操纵手柄能否置于中间,假定停机放置的时间较长,应先用手油泵向燃油系统中注燃油,并旋松喷油泵上的放气螺钉,以排空燃油系统中的气体。
起动时,翻开钥匙开关,接通总电源,按下起动钥匙旋转即可起动。
假定初次起动失败,须等候2~5钟后再作第二次起动,如三次不能起动时,应中止起动,找出缘由,扫除缺点后再行起动。
每次起动时间不得超越12秒。
6.2发起机起动后,应在600~750r/min的转速下停止暖机,并亲密留意各仪表的读数,特别是柴油机机油压力表的读数,其数值应大于0.05MPa。
当气压表的读数大于0.44MPa后,方可出车。
6.3发起机起动后,反省装载机各部位能否正常,将动臂提升至运输位置;松开手制动,踩下制动踏板,悄然操纵变速操纵杆,将操纵杆挂在选定的档位;松开脚制动踏板,缓慢踩下油门踏板,使装载机逐渐减速。
待水温到达75℃后,才干全负荷作业。
6.4装载机在同方向行驶时换挡不用停车,也不用踩制动踏板;但假定改动行驶方向,那么一定要在停车后换挡。
6.5装载机在坡道下行驶或作业时,选择阀应置于不切断位置〔适用于有选择阀的装载机〕,因制动时变速箱仍有动力输入,一旦制动解除能迅速起步,以保证装载机运转颠簸;否那么,假定选择阀置于切断位置,踩下制动踏板,变速箱的油路被切断,从而使变速箱无动力输入,装载机停车后再次起步就会出现溜坡和不动摇的现象。
6.6在操纵转斗油缸操纵杆时,当转斗置于适宜位置,松开操纵手柄,操纵杆可自动回位;但当操纵动臂油缸操纵杆时,当动臂举升〔或下降〕到所需位置后,应将操纵杆置于中间,因动臂操纵杆没有自动回位的功用。
6.7装载机在作业进程中,发起机的水温不得超越95℃,变矩器的油温不得超越115℃。
假定由于长时间重载作业,油、水温超越允许值时应停车冷却。
6.8假定装载机在运转中发起机突然熄火,应立刻踩下制动踏板,因此时转向油泵已中止任务,故不能转动转向机实施转向。
6.9内行驶中严禁高速行车!
高速行驶会对平安形成要挟。
装载机下坡行驶时,应轻踩制动踏板,并坚持发起机在运转形状。
严禁关机溜坡!
6.10关于装载机的各零部件应按规则停止活期的保养和润滑。
6.11装载机变速箱—变矩器中运用的液力传动油、液压系统中运用的液压油必需清洁并契合规则要求。
六、装载机作业方法
6.1铲装作业
6.1.1作业预备
清算作业场地,填平凹坑,根除尖石等易于损坏装载机轮胎和阻碍装载机作业的阻碍物。
铲装作业时,行驶速度应降至4km/h以下。
6.1.2作业进程
装载机的作业循环包括以下四个进程:
①装载机以一档驶向料堆,在距料堆约1~1.5m处,放下动臂、转动铲斗,使铲斗刀刃接地,铲斗斗底与地平面成3°~7°的夹角,然后低速拔出料堆。
②装载机以全力拔出料堆,并连续地操纵铲斗转动和动臂上升,直至装满铲斗,然后把铲斗上翻、将动臂提升至运输位置。
③装载机装满前进,驶向卸料点或运输车辆,同时提升动臂至卸载高度将物料卸下。
假定物料粘积在铲斗上,可来回搬动转斗操纵手柄,撞击撞块,使粘积在铲斗上的物料弹振零落。
④空车退回,同时将动臂下降至运输位置,装载机前往至装料堆停止下一个任务循环。
6.2铲装方法
不同的铲装方法对作业阻力和铲斗的装满水平有很大影响,任务时应依据铲装的物料种类〔容重、粒度大小等〕、料堆高度等选用不同的铲装方法。
6.2.1一次铲装法
一次铲装法,装载机直线行进,铲斗刀刃拔出料堆,直至铲斗后臂与料堆接触,装载机中止行进,铲斗转至装满位置,然后提升动臂至运输高度〔铲斗下铰点离空中高度约400mm左右〕。
一次铲装法是最复杂的铲装作业方法。
对驾驶员操作水平要求不高。
但其作业阻力大,需求把铲斗拔出料堆很深,因此常要求装载机有比拟大的拔出力,同时需求很大的功率来克制铲斗上翻时的阻力。
用来铲装松懈物料,如煤、砂、焦炭等。
6.2.2配合铲装法
装载机在行进的同时,配合以转斗或动臂提升的举措停止铲装作业。
它可又细分为两种方法:
a.当铲斗拔出料堆不大的深度〔约为0.2~0.5斗深〕时,在装载机行进的同时,连续地操作铲斗上翻,并配合动臂提升,直至装满铲斗。
b.装载机在行进的同时,配合以动臂提升,在斗刃分开料堆后,铲斗转至运输形状。
此方法又称为〝开掘机〞铲装法。
采用配合铲装方法,铲斗不需求拔出很深,特别是采用前一种配合铲装法,靠拔出运动与铲斗转动、提升运动相配合,使拔出阻力大大减小〔其阻力普通为一次铲装法的1/2~1/3〕,并且铲斗也容易装满,是一种比拟有效的作业方法,但要求驾驶员具有较高的操作水平。
6.3装载机与运输车辆配合的作业方案
装载机与运输车辆相配合的作业方案普通有V型作业法、I型作业法、L型作业法和T型作业法。
6.3.1、V型作业方法
运输车辆与装载机驶向料堆的方向成60°夹角停放,装载机在料堆装载后,倒车前进3~5m左右,然后用转向油缸使铰接车架折腰35°左右,再行进驶往运输车辆卸载。
这种方案可保证失掉最少的任务循环时间,作业效率较高。
6.3.2、I型作业方法
运输车辆平行于任务面适时地往复行进与前进,装载机那么穿越般地垂直于任务面直线行进与前进停止作业,所以这种作业方法也叫穿越作业法。
I型作业方式省去了装载机的调车时间,但添加了运输车辆行进与前进的次数,因此采用这种作业方式,装载机的作业循环时间,取决于装载机和其配协作业的运输车辆的驾驶的操作技术熟练水平,并要求车队延续运输与之配合,才干取得较高的作业效率。
6.3.3、L型作业方法
运输车辆垂直于任务面,装载机铲装物料后,发展并调转90°角;然后向前驶向运输车辆卸载,空载的装载机前进调转90°角,然后向前驶向料堆,停止下一次铲装。
这种作业方式在运距较小,而作业场所比拟广阔时,装载机可同时与两台运输车辆配合任务。
6.3.4、T型作业方法
运输车辆平行于任务面,但距离任务面较远,装载机铲装物料后,发展并调转90°角;然后再向相反方向调转90°角驶向运输车辆卸料。
6.4搬运任务
在以下状况下,可采用装载机自行搬运:
6.4.1路面过软,未经平整的场地,不能用载重汽车的。
6.4.2搬运距离在500m以内,用载重汽车糜费时间。
搬运的车速依据搬运距离和路面条件决议,为使搬运时平安动摇和具有良好的视野,应上转铲斗到极限位置并坚持动臂下铰点距空中400mm左右。
6.5推运作业
假设将铲斗作为推土刮板时,可以停止填平作业。
此时铲斗内装满沙土,使其对空中坚持水平形状,踩下油门踏板使铲斗向前推进,推进中发现阻碍装载机行进时,可稍稍提升动臂继续行进,铲装动臂升降时,操纵杆应放在浮动位置,不可扳倒上升或下降任一固定位置,以保证推运作业的顺利停止。
6.6整地作业
应用铲斗斗尖和刀板可停止撒土、平地、打基础等整地作业,
6.6.1撒土作业
用铲斗铲进砂土,装载机前进行驶,并使铲斗前倾10°~15°度角,将砂土平均播撒。
6.6.2粗平整
使铲斗完全前倾,将铲斗的斗尖与空中接触,停止低速前进,平整土地。
6.6.3精平整
将铲斗内装满砂土并与空中坚持水平形状接地。
将动臂操纵杆放在〝浮动〞的位置上,装载机缓慢前进行驶。
6.7开掘作业
开掘作业是装载机中止或在行进中将铲斗拔出砂土、岩石等堆积物停止装载铲运的作业,开掘作业分
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