BBC Wild China文本 第六集.docx
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BBC Wild China文本 第六集.docx
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BBCWildChina文本第六集
NARRATOR:
FromtheeasternendoftheGreatWall,
China'scoastspans14,500kilometres
andmorethan5,000yearsofhistory.
Thisistheareawhichshowsthegreatestcontrast
betweenChina'spastanditsfuture.
TodayChina'seasternseaboard
ishometo700millionpeople,
packedintosomeofthemostdazzlinghi-techcitiesonearth.
Yetthesecrowdedshoresremainhugelyimportantforawealthofwildlife.
Now,asancienttraditionsminglewithnewaspirations,
isthereanyroomatallforwildlifeonChina'scrowdedshores?
InnorthernChina'sZhalongNatureReserve,
apairofred-crownedcraneshavestakedouttheirnestingterritory
inthestubbleofacommerciallymanagedreedbed.
Forcenturies,craneshavebeenreveredinChina
assymbolsoflongevity.
TheirstatueswereplacednexttotheEmperor'sthrone.
Thecraneshavecausetocelebrate.
Thischickisasignofhopeindifficulttimes.
Red-crownedcranesareoneoftheworld'smostendangeredspecies.
Overthelastcentury,
Chinahaslostnearlyhalfofitscoastalwetlands
andmostofwhatremainsismanagedforthebenefitofpeople,notwildlife.
Afewmonthsfromnow,
thischickanditsparentswillfacealongmigrationsouth
toescapetheharshnorthernwinter.
Theirroutewilltakethemalongacoast
whichhasbeengreatlyaffectedbyhumanactivity.
Alongtheirjourney,thecraneswillbejoined
bymanythousandsofothermigratingbirds.
AllheadingsouthacrosstheBohaiGulf
andalongtheshoresoftheYellowandEastChinaSeas,
someevenreachingasfarastheSouthChinaSea
insearchofasafewinterhaven.
Theannualbirdmigrationhasbeengoingonforthousandsofyears.
HereatMountJinpingonChina'snortheastcoast,
thereissurprisingevidence
thatpeoplehavelivedherealmostaslong.
Seventhousandyearsago,
membersoftheShaoHaotribecarvedmagicalsymbols
representingsignificantelementsoftheirdailylives.
Thepetroglyphsshowwheatsheavesconnectedbylinestohumanfigures,
thefirstknownrecordingsofcultivationinChina.
Familiarwiththespectacleofyearlybirdmigrations,
theShaoHaopeoplechoseasymbolofabirdastheirtotem.
MountJinpingliesneartheShandongpeninsula,
animportantwinteringsiteformigrantbirds,
andeventodaytherearestillcommunitiesalongthiscoastline
whoretainaspecialaffinitywiththeirlocalbirdlife.
YandunJiaovillage,
onthenorth-easternshoreofthepeninsula,
isfamousforitstraditionalseaweed-thatchedcottages.
Onachillymorninginearlyspring,
MrandMrsQuventureoutatfirstlight
armedwiththetraditionalseasideaccessoriesofbucketandspade.
AstheQusheaddownintotheharbour,
aflockofwhooperswans,
knownaffectionatelyhereas"winterangels",
arewakingoutinthebay.
TheQusandtheirneighbourssearchfortubeholes
inthemudatlowtide,
thesignofcocklesandrazorshellshiddendeepbelow.
Whilegatheringshellfishisapopularpastime,
themainbusinessofYandunJiaohappensfurtheroutatsea.
Astheboatssetout,withMrQuonboard,
theswanssetaparallelcourse.
Thewholeofthebayisagiganticseaweedfarm.
Themenworkalldaycleaningandtendingthekelpfronds
thataregrownonropeslinkedtoavastarmadaofbuoys.
Theswanseatnativeseaweedsgrowingonthesurfaceropes
ratherthanthevaluablecropofkelp,
sotheydonoharmtothecommercialoperation.
Intheafternoon,asthewindpicksupoutatsea,
theworkersandswansreturntoshore.
Whilethecultureofseekingbalancewithnature
goesbackalongwayinChina,
itisraretoseesuchharmoniousrelationshipsonChina'scrowdedcoast.
Aseveningdrawson,
theQufamilypreparetheireveningmealofcockles,
steamedbreadandseaweed.
(KIDSCHATTERING)
Leftoversaregiventothevillagechildrentofeedtheswans.
It'sfunforthekidsandprovides
anextraenergyboostforthebirdsastheyfaceanothercoldnight.
Theswanshavebeenusingthisshelteredbay
atasawinterrefugeformanygenerations.
Aslongasthetraditionofrespectfornaturepersists,
thisremarkableassociationbetweentheYandunJiaocommunity
andtheirwinterangelslookssettocontinue.
OutintheBohaiGulf,northeastoftheswanvillage,
asmallrockyislandprovidesaquietrestingspotformigratingbirds.
ButShedaoIslandhashiddendangers.
Pallas'pitviperstrappedhere6,000yearsagobyrisingsealevels
haveevolvedasinisterlifestyle.
For10monthsoftheyear
thereisnothingsubstantialtoeatontheisland,
sothereptilesconservetheirenergybybarelymovingatall.
(BIRDSCAWING)
Asthesunwarmstheirrockyhome,
thesnakesclimbupintothebushesandtrees.
Buttheyaren'theretosunbathe.
Moreandmorevipersappear
untilvirtuallyeveryperchwhereabirdmightland
hasbeenbooby-trapped.
Thenthewaitinggamebegins.
Theserpents'camouflageisremarkable,
butsoarethebirds'reactions,
asthishigh-speedshotreveals.
Thebirdswillonlystayontheislandforacoupleofweeks.
Butalthoughthesnakeshavebeenstarvingformonths,
theironlyhopeofbaggingamealistobepatient
andsittight.
Theslightestmiscalculation
andthesnakeisleftwithamouthfuloffeathers.
Thedroppedmealistrackeddownmainlybysmell,
theviperusingitsforkedtongue
totastetheairuntilitiscloseenoughtoseeitsquarry.
Thefinalchallengeistoswallowamealthat'stwicethesizeofitshead.
Itdoessobydislocatingitsjawsandpositioningitsprey
sothebeakispointingbackwards.
Forthereptiles,thistimeofplentyisalltoobrief.
Inacoupleofweeks,themigrationwillbeover
andthebirdswillhavemovedon.
Thiscouldbethesnake'slastmealforsixmonths.
Butitisn'tjustislands
thatexperiencecyclesoffeastandfamine.
Thesea,too,hasitsseasons,
afactwellknowntofishingcommunitiesalongtheneighbouringcoasts.
InChuwangharbour,
thestartofanewfishingseasonprovidestheexcuseforamassiveparty.
ButforboatownerMrZhao,
it'sadayofprayeraswellascelebration.
Zhaohopesthatbypresentinggiftsandshowingrespecttotheseagoddess,
hecanhelpensureaprosperousandsafeyearahead
forhimandhiscrew.
Meanwhile,drums,firecrackersandfireworksreflecttheancientbelief
thatloudnoiseswillfrightenoffdangerousseadevilsandbadfortune.
Occupyingcentrestageisarepresentationoftheseadragon,
mythicalrulerofwaterandweather.
Inthecalmoftheevening,
MrZhaoandhisfamilylightpaperboatlanterns.
Eachflickeringflamecarriesawishtotheseagoddess,
atraditionpassedonfromparentstochildrenovercountlessgenerations.
OnChina'scrowdedcoasts,
fishermenneedtobeextremelyresourceful.
Haulinginthenetsishardwork,
andsofarthere'snotafishinsight.
Onlyjellyfish.
Eachyear,millionsofjellyfish
arecarriedsouthwiththecurrentsintheBohaiGulf.
Theecologicalstorybehindthiseventiscomplex,
butbynomeansuniquetoChina.
Jellyfisharefast-breedingplanktonfeeders.
Inrecentyears,humansewageandfertilisersfromintensivefarming
haveincreasedplanktonbloomsintheGulf,
providingextrajellyfishfood.
Whileover-fishinghasreducedtheirenemiesandcompetitors.
It'saphenomenonthathasbecomeincreasinglywidespread
acrosstheworld'sseas.
However,whatisseenelsewhereasaproblem,
inChinaisperceivedasanopportunity.
Backonshore,
mulecartstransportthejellyfishtonearbywarehouses
wheretheywillbeprocessedandsoldasfoodalloverChina.
Fourgenerationstuckintoabowlofslicedjellyfish,
therecipeforalongandhealthylife.
LeavingtheBohaiGulfbehind,
migratingcranes,
spoonbillsandducksarejoinedbyotherbirds,
allheadingsouthinsearchofasafewinterhaven.
Thebirds'migrationroutefollowsthecoastoftheYellowSea
downintoJiangsuProvince,
afertileagriculturallandscape
withsomeofthelastremainingsaltmarshesinChina.
AtDafeng,
asmallsaltmarshreserveishometoananimalwhichisluckytobealive.
TheChineseseetheseMiluasacuriouscompositeanimal,
withahorse'shead,
cow'sfeet,
ataillikeadonkey
andbackwards-facingantlers.
IntheWest,weknowitasP鑢eDavid'sDeer,
afterthefirstEuropeantodescribeit.
Duringtherut,
stagsdecoratethemselveswithgarlandsofvegetation
collectedintheirantlers.
Fiercebattlesdecidematingrights.
Thefemalesstillhavelastyear'sfawnsintow.
Theyhaven'tbeenweanedbythetimeoftherut
andbandtogetherinlargecr鑓hes,
onlyreturningtotheirmotherstofeed.
Thisuniquebehaviourhelpstokeepthemclearoftheaggressivemales.
Today,therearejust2,500MiluinChina,
butitisremarkablethatthereareanyatall.
Intheearly1900sMilubecameextinctinthewild,
butluckily,someoftheImperialherdhadbeensentasagifttoEurope.
ThoseatWoburnAbbey,inEngland,prospered.
Andintheearly1980s,40ofthedeerwerereturnedtotheirhomeland
wheretheycontinuetothrive.
Themigratingcraneshavesofartravelled
over2,000kilometressouthwardsalongthecoast.
PassingtheMiluDeerReserveatDafeng,
theyareapproachinganothersaltmarsh
whichwillprovidetheperfectconditionsforthemtospendthewinter.
ThisisYancheng,thelargestcoastalwetlandinChina,
visitedbyanestimatedthreemillionbirdseachyear.
(SQUAWKING)
Cranechicksthatwereonlybornsevenmonthsago
havenowcompletedthefirstlegofaroundtrip
whichthey
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