新视野大学英语第三版第二册课文语法讲解.docx
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新视野大学英语第三版第二册课文语法讲解.docx
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新视野大学英语第三版第二册课文语法讲解
新视野三版读写B2U8TextA
Animalsorchildren?
—Ascientist'schoice1Iamtheenemy!
Iamoneofthosecursed,cruelphysician
scientistsinvolved
inanimalresearch.Theserumorssting,forIhaveneverthought
ofmyselfas
anevilperson.Ibecameachildren'sdoctorbecauseofmylove
forchildren
andmysupremedesiretokeepthemhealthy.Duringmedicalschool
andresidency,Isawmanychildrendieofcancerandbloodshed
frominjury—
circumstancesagainstwhichmedicinehasmadegreatprogressbut
stilhasa
longwaytogo.Moreimportantly,Ialsosawchildrenhealthy
thanksto
advancesinmedicalsciencesuchasinfantbreathingsupport,
powerfulnew
medicinesandsurgicaltechniquesandtheentirefield
oforgantransplantation.Mydesiretotipthescalesinfavorof
healthy,happy
childrendrewmetomedicalresearch.
*2Myaccusershavetwistedthetruthintoafableandcastmeas
thedevil.TheyclaimthatIhavenomoralcompass,thatItorture
innocent
animalsforthesolepurposeofcareeradvancement,andthatmy
experiments
havenorelevanceto,anuncaringpublicbarelywatches,
convincedthattheissuehasnosignificance,and
publicity-conscioussenatorsandpoliticiansincreasinglygiveway
to
thelobbyingofanimalrightsactivists.
3We,inmedicalresearch,havealsobeenunbelievablyuncaring.
Wehave
alowedthemostextremeanimalrightsprotesterstocreepinand
framethe
issueasoneofanimalfraudandhatred.Wehavepersistedin
ourbeliefthat
animal
ofimportancethetoconsentwouldpublicknowledgeablea
research
forpublichealth.Perhapswehavebeenmistakeninnotresponding
tothe
emotionaltoneoftheargument.Perhapsweshouldhaveresponded
tothose
sadslogansandpostersofanimalsbywavingequalysadposters
ofchildren
dyingofcancerorexternalwounds.
4Intheanimalrightsforum,muchismadeofthevolumeofpain
theseanimals
experienceinthenameofmedicaldenythatwearetryingto
helpandsayitisevidenceofourevilandcruelnature.Amore
reasonable
argument,however,canbeadvancedinourdefense.Lifeisoften
cruelto
animalsandhumanbeings.Teenagersareflungfromtrucksand
suffersevere
headinjuries.Youngchildrenbarelyabletowalkfindthemselves
atthebottom
ofswimmingpoolswhileaparentisoccupiedwithsomethingelse.
From
everydaygermstogangviolence,nolifeisfreeofpain.Physicianshopingto
relievetheeternalsufferingofthesetragedieshaveonlythree
choices:
1)
createananimalmodeloftheproblemtounderstandtheprocess
andtestnew
therapies;2)experimentonhumanbeings(someexperimentswil
succeed,
mostwilfail);or3)leavemedicalknowledgestatic,hopingthat
accidental
discoverieswilleadusforward.
5Someanimalrightsactivistswouldsuggestanoptionalfourth
choice,
*******claimingthatcomputermodelscancreateanimalexperiments,
thusomittingactualexperiments.Computerscanimitatethe
effectsof
wel-understoodprinciplesoncomplexsystems,asinthe
applicationofthe
lawsofphysicstoairplaneandautomobiledesign.However,when
the
principlesthemselvesareinquestion,asisthecasewiththe
complex
biologicalsystemsofhumanlifeunderstudy,computermodeling
aloneisof
littlevalue.
6Oneoftheterrifyingeffectsofarrestingtheuseofanimalsin
medical
researchisthattheimpactwilnotbefeltforyearsoreven
decades.Drugsto
cureinfectionwilremainundiscovered,surgicalanddiagnostic
techniqueswil
remainundeveloped,andfundamentalbiologicalprocessesthat
mighthave
beenunderstoodwilremainmysteries.Thereisthedangerthat
quick
decisionsbywel-meaningpoliticianswilcreateresolutionto
diplomaticaly
satisfythesmalminorityofloudprotesterswhilethe
consequencesand
damagingimpactofthosedecisionswilnotbeapparentuntillong
after.
7Fortunately,mostofusenjoygoodhealth,andtheagonyof
watchingone's
childdiehasbecomearareexperience.Yetourgoodfortune
shouldnotmake
usunappreciative.Protectionfromserioussicknessanddrugsto
combatheart
*disease,highbloodpressureandstrokearealbasedonanimal
research.Mostcomplexsurgicalproceduressuchasheartorhip
surgeryand
organtransplantatisurgerieswereinitialdevelopedin
ony
animals.Techniquestoreplacedefectivegenes,thecauseofso
much
disease,aswelasthedevelopmentofsyntheticorgansare
presently
undergoinganimalstudies.Thesestudies,andanysubsequent
advances,wil
effectivelyendifanimalresearchisseverelyrestricted.
8InAmericatoday,deathhasbecomeaneventisolatedfromour
daily
existence.Asadoctorwhohaswatchedmanychildrendieandseen
their
parents'infinitegrief,Iamparticularlyangeredbyanyminute
expressionof
caringforthesufferingofcreaturesandsolittleforsickand
dyinghuman
beings.Peoplearetooprotectedfromtherealityofhumanlifeanddeathand
whatitmeans.
9Makenomistake,however.Iwouldneveradvocateneedlesscruel
treatment
ofanimals.Theanimalrightsmovementhasmadeacontributionin
makingus
moreawareofanimals'needsandtheneedtosearchharderfor
suitable
alternatives.Butifthemoreradicalmembersofthismovementare
successful
inthreateningfurtherresearch,theireffortswilbringabouta
tragedythatwil
costmanylives.Hencetherealquestioniswhetheranuncaring
majoritycan
bearousedtoprotectitsfutureagainstaloud,butmisdirected,
minority.
LanguagePoints:
1Animalsorchildren?
—Ascientist'schoice(Title)
Meaning:
Ascientistisnowfacingtwochoices:
infavorof
animalsorchildren.2Iamtheenemy!
Iamoneofthosecursed,cruelphysicianscientistsinvolvedin
animalresearch.Theserumorssting,forIhaveneverthoughtof
myselfasanevil
person.(Para.1)
Meaning:
Iamtheenemy–theonewhoiscondemnedasacold-heartedphysician
scientistdoinganimalresearch.Theserumorsmakemeupsetas
I'veneverconsidered
myselfasbeingevil.
Meaningbeyondwords:
Thephysician'sironictoneinthe
sentenceswellreflectshis
indignationandangerattheanimalrightsactivists.3Ibecameachildren'sdoctorbecauseofmyloveforchildrenandmysupreme
desiretokeepthemhealthy.(Para.1)
them
keeptodesirestrongandchildrenforloveMyMeaning:
healthydrovemetobea
children'sdoctor.
Usagenote:
supreme,superior,super,superb
*supreme,superior,super,superb都是形容词,且词形相近。
它们都没有比较级,也没有
最高级,但它们的词义和用法稍有差别。
1supreme基本词义表示“(程度)最大的,最高的,极度的”,一般用在名词前作定语,修
饰名词,其副词是supremely,表示“极度地;极其”,常用于强调不好的品质。
例如:
TheSupremeCommanderwasinbadtemperasthetaskforhimhad
changedabruptly
*andfundamentaly.最高指挥官很生气,因为他的任务突然彻底地改变了。
2superior表示“更好的;更强的;更有效的”,明显含有“好”的意思。
例如:
*Afewyearsagoitwasvirtuallyimpossibletofindsuperior
qualitycoffeeinlocalshops.几
几乎不可能在当地的咖啡店找到品质上乘的咖啡。
年前
*superior后可以接介词to,表示“比…更好的/更强的/更有效的”,在句中一般用作表语或
后置定语。
例如:
*Forallbabies,breastfeedingisfarsuperiortobottlefeeding.对于所有的婴儿,母乳喂养都
远远优于奶瓶喂养。
*Wehavearelationshipinfinitelysuperiortothoseofmanyof
ourfriends.我们之间的关系
比我们许多朋友之间的关系好太多了。
**superior也可以用作名词,指“上级;上司;长官”,其反义词为inferior。
superior不能用
作副词。
3super表示“极好的;了不起的”,能兼用作副词表示“极其;非常”。
例如:
*Theyhavegainedmarketleadershipbyselingproductsthatwere
ofsuperquality.通过
销售高质量的产品,他们已获得了市场的领导地位。
Leeisverystraightforward,superhonestandhealwaysknowswhat
heistalkingabout.
李非常直爽,且超级诚实,他总是知道自己在说什么。
(super用作副词)
“Didyouenjoythefilm?
”“Yes,Ithoughtitwassuper.”“你喜欢这个电影吗?
”“我喜欢,我
认为它超棒的。
”
*4superb的词义与super相同,表示“极好的;出色的;卓越的”,superb在句中不仅可以
作定语,也可以作表语,其副词是superbly。
例如:
*Thefactisthatthetelephoneserviceissuperbhere,asis
comparedtopostalservice.事
实是,与邮政服务相比,这儿的电话服务是一流的。
*Iamhighlyawareofthesuperbreputationofyourschool.我非常了解你们学校极佳的声
誉。
4Duringmedicalschoolandresidency,Isawmanychildrendieofcancerand
bloodshedfrominjury–circumstancesagainstwhichmedicinehas
madegreat
progressbutstillhasalongwaytogo.Moreimportantly,Ialso
sawchildren
infant
assuchsciencemedicalinadvancestothankshealthy
breathingsupport,
powerfulnewmedicinesandsurgicaltechniquesandtheentire
fieldoforgan
transplantation.(Para.1)
Meaning:
WhenIwasstudyingatamedicalschoolandbeingtrained
atahospital,Isaw
manychildrendieofcancerandshedbloodfrominjury—
situationsthatmodern
medicine,thoughhasadvancedalot,isnotabletocompletely
handle.Ontheotherhand,
Isawchildrenhealthybecauseofthemedicalachievementssuchas
infantbreathing
supportandsoforth.
Meaningbeyondwords:
Thecomparisonandcontrastbetweenthe
casesofchildrenhe
witnessedeffectivelyilustratestheimportanceandnecessityof
animalresearch.
5Mydesiretotipthescalesinfavorofhealthy,happychildrendrewmetomedical
research.
Meaning:
Mydoingmedicalresearchwasdrivenbymypriorityto
keepchildrenhealthy
andhappy.6Myaccusershavetwistedthetruthintoafableandcastmeasthedevil.They
claimthatIhavenomoralcompass,thatItortureinnocent
animalsforthesole
purposeofcareeradvancement,andthatmyexperimentshaveno
relevanceto
medicine.(Para.2)
Meaning:
Thosewhoaccusemeofhavingnomoralstandards
distortedthetruthintoa
legendarystorywhereIamdepictedasamonsterthattortures
innocentanimalsonlyfor
mycareeradvancementandmyexperimentshavenothingtodowith
medicin
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