陶洁版美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案.docx
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陶洁版美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案.docx
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陶洁版美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案
美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案陶洁(部分)
Unit1BenjaminFranklinTheAutobiography
1.WhydidFranklinwritehisAutobiography?
Franklinsaysthatbecausehissonmaywishtoknowabouthislife,heistakinghisoneweekvacationintheEnglishcountrysidetorecordhispast.Healsosaysthathehasenjoyedhislifeandwouldliketorepeatit.
参考:
TheAutobiographyisabookwhichcontainsthewisdomandsuccessinlifestruggle,andunitesthetruemeaningofgoodnessandmorality.Itisregardedasabookthatchangesmanypeople'sfatesintermsofAmericanDream.Asweallknow,BenjaminFranklinislabeledasaself-mademanandthefirstgreatmanofletters.TheAutoniographyalsomakesseveral"firsts":
Thefirstpopularself-helpbookeverpublished;ThefirstmajorsecularAmericanAutobiography;ThefirstrealaccountoftheAmericanDreamaction.Hemadesomanyachievements,butthereasonweshouldalsobeawareof.
AsfarasIamconcerned,thecelebritieswriteautobiographytomakepeopleunderstandthemselvesandinspirefuturegenerations.Besides,hemaywanttobeimmortalinthehistory.However,inTheAutobiography,FranklinwantstolecturehissonaswellastheAmericanswhoholdsadreamtofightagainstdifficultiesinthewaytosuccess.
Specifically,itcanbedividedintoseveralparts.In1771,FranklinwasstayingatChilbolton,inthehouseofBishopJonanthanShipleynearTwyfordinHampshire.Shipleywasapro-AmericanbishopamongtheBritishBishops.HeandhislargefamilylovedFranklinandregardedhimasamoderndaySocrates.TheyfoundFranklin'sanecdotesofhischildhoodremarkableandinsistedthatheshouldtelltheworldthestoryofhislife.Withtheirencouragement,FranklinwrotethefirstpartofhisAutobiography.InPartOne,FranklinaddressedhissonWilliam,whowasroyalGovernorofNewJersey,astheaudience.TheoutbreakoftheRevolutionin1776madeanyplanforthememoirsimpossible.In1784whenhedidhavesometimetoresumethenarrative,FranklinhadleftthemanuscriptofthefirstpartintheUnitedStatesandcouldnotrememberwherehehadstoppedlasttime.Moreimportantly,FranklinhadbeenestrangedfromhissonwhohadtakenthesideofBritishgovernment.TheAutobiographynowtookamorepublictone.Franklinwasmoreawareofhispublicimage:
someofhisadvisersandfriendsurgedhimtotellhowherosetoworldrenown.
What'smore,itestablishesinliteraryformthefirstexampleofthefulfilmentoftheAmericanDream.FranklindemonstratesthepossibilitiesoflifeintheNewWorldthroughhisownrisefromthelowermiddleclassasayouthtooneofthemostadmiredmenintheworldasanadult.ItpresentsAmericanstodaywithagreatherofromthepastwhohelpedestablishthetraditionoftheAmericanDream.HeestablishedTheAutobiographyasaworkthatismeanttonotonlytellaboutaperson'sownlifebutalsotoeducatethereaderinwaystobetterlivelife.
2.WhatmadeFranklindecidetoleavethebrothertowhomhehadbeenapprenticed?
Hisbrotherwaspassionate,andhadoftenbeatenhim.Theaversiontoarbitrarypowerthathasstucktohimthroughhiswholelife.Afterabrushwiththelaw,Franklinlefthisbrother.
3.HowdidhearriveinPhiladephia?
FirsthesetoutinaboatforAmboy,theboatdroppedhimoffabout50milesfromBurlington,thenextdayhereachedBurlingtononfoot,inBurlingtonhefoundaboatwhichwasgoingtowardsPhiladelphia,hearrivedthereabouteightornineo’clock,ontheSundaymorningandlandedattheMarketStreetwharf.
4.Whatfeaturesdoyoufindinthestyleoftheaboveselection?
ItisthepatternofPuritansimplicity,directness,andconcision(言简意赅).Thenarrativeislucid(易懂的),thestructureissimple,theimageryishomely(朴素的).
Unit2EdgarAllenPoeTheCastofAmontillado
1.Whoisthenarrator?
Whatwrongdoeshewanttoredress?
Montresor.
Fortunato,oneofwineexpertsinsultedhim,sohewantedtomurderhim.
2.WhatisthepretextheusestolureFortunatotohiswinecellar?
HebaitsFortunatobytellinghimhehasobtainedwhathebelievestobeacaskofAmontilladoarareandvaluablesherrywine.
FortunatoisanxioustodeterminewhetherornotitistrulyAmontillado,sohegoestothevaultwithMontresor.
3.WhathappenstoFortunatointheend?
Hewaswalledupalivebehindbricksinawinecellar.
4.DescribebrieflyhowPoecharacterizesMontresorandFortunatoascontrasts?
Poeusescolorimagerytocharacterizethem.Montresorfaceiscoveredinablacksilkmask,Incontrast,Fortunatodressesthemotley-coloredcostumeofthecourtfool,whogetsliterallyandtragicallyfooledbyMontresor'smaskedmotives.ThecolorschemeshererepresenttheironyofFortunato'sdeathsentence.
Throughtheacts,words,andthoughtsof Fortunato,weknowHeisgreedy,hewasluredintothedarkandsombervaultsjustbecauseacaskofAmontillado.Thisisalsoduetohisbadhabitofbibulosity(酗酒).Helosthimselfonhearingthewine.Atthesametime,hewascheatedbyhisenemy,whichreflectedhisignorance.WhenheheardthepretendedcomplimentfromMontresor,hebecameveryboastfulandarrogant.Hewaseasilyconfusedbythesuperficialphenomenaandfailedtowatchoutforothers.Hecouldn’ttoleratethatotherswerestrongerthanhim.
Forexample,MontresoralwaysstimulatedhimwithLuchresiwhowasgoodatconnoisseur(鉴赏)inwine.Undertheimpulseofvanity,hefellintoMontresor’sterribletrap.Infact,hewascarelessandfoolishanddidn’tfindthatthedangerwasapproachinghim.HelookeddownuponMontresorandothers.Hedidn’trealizehisfoolishnessuntilthedeathwascoming.
Talkingfromtheappearance,Monstresorwasawell-educatedand“kind”businessman.Heenjoyedthehonorandrespectinthecity.Butinfact,hewasanevilandawfulperson.Hisinnerfeelingsweresocruelthattheyevenmadepeopletremble.
Underhisrichappearancewasthedirtysoulanddespicablecharacter.Wecouldn’tseeanygloriousvirtuesinhismind.Instead,hisheartwascoldanddark.ItwastherevengethatthrewMontresorintothedeepevilvalley.
Unit3RalphWaldoEmersonSelf-Reliance
1.Whatisauthor’sattitudetowardscharity?
Whydoesheholdsuchanattitude?
The worst of charity is that the lives you are asked to preserve are not worth preserving.Notallcharitymeangoodness.Onemustexploreifitbegoodness.Ifmaliceandvanitywearthecoatofphilanthropy,thatshallnotpass.One’sgoodnessmusthavesomeedgetodo,elseitisnone.
参考:
InSelf-Reliance,Emersonfundamentallyshowedtheideaofconfidenceandindependence.Besidestheseideas,heillustratedtheideaof“ShowingnosympathytothePoor”.Thispointofviewagreeswiththeconfidenceandindependence.Thus,hisattitudetowardscharityisalittleabitofnegative.
Emersonindirectlyshowedthereasonwhythemanispoorandwhynosympathyshouldbeshowedtothepoor.Intheessay,hedoesnotshowanysympathytothosewhohasnorelationshipwithhim.Hesaid:
“ExpectmenottoshowcauseswhyIseekorwhyIexcludecompany.Thenagain,donottellme,asagoodmandidtoday,ofmyobligationtoputallpoormeningoodsituations.Aretheymypoor?
Itellyour,yourfoolishphilanthropist,thatIgrudgethedollar,thedime,thecent.IgivetosuchmenasdonotbelongtomeandwhomIdonotbelong.”Obviously,hedisplayedanotherwayofhelpingthosepeoplewhoarepoor,nottogivethemmoneydirectly.Instead,hestressedmuchimportanceofself-support.Ifthosepeoplearegivenmoneydirectly,theywouldbecomemoreandmorepoor.Theonlywaytogetoutofthisdifficultyistorelyonthemselves.Atmosttime,thepoorarenotindependent,optimisticandadventurous.Theyhavenoinnovativeabilities,becausetheyneverthinkthattheyshouldchallengelifeandmakeprogress.Therefore,inmanyaspects,thepoorarelaggedbehindofthesociety.Thesepeopleshouldnotbegivenhelpandsupport,astheyhavenodesiretochangethesituationandjustsufferwhattheyareusedto.Theydonotwanttochangeandimprove,andtheirpoormindwillruineverything.
However,thereisanotherkindofpeoplewhomayalsoindifficultsituations,andweshouldofferourhelp.Thiskindofpeopleisthepoorinpocket,buttheyarefullofideasinmind.Theyareindependent,optimisticandadventurous.Whattheyreallylackissomematerials.Theyholdthefirmbeliefthattheirsituationwillbeimprovedthroughaperiodoftime.Theyalsoputtheirideasintopractice,andeventually,theywillsucceed.
Thepoorconditionisnotterrible,butthepoormindisaveryseriousproblem.Themanshouldneverhelpthepoorwithmoney,butgivethematooltoproducewealthbythemselves,orteachthemtobeindependentandoptimistic.Asareader,Ibenefitalotfromthisidea,andalsolearntheimportanceofself-reliance.
2.Accordingtotheauthor,whatdomostpeoplebelievetobevirtue?
Andwhatisrealvirtue?
Virtuesare,inthepopularestimaterathertheexceptionthantherule.
Therealvirtuesare,accordingtotheauthor,whatImustdoisallthatconcernsme,notwhatthepeoplethink.
3.Whydoestheauthordislike“consistency”?
Doyouagreewithhim?
Doyouthinkthatpeopleshouldgiveupconsistency?
First,consistencyscaresusfromself-trust.Itmakesuslackconfidence.Second,afoolishconsistencyisthehobgoblinoflittleminds,adoredbylittlestatesmenandphilosophersanddivines.Withconsistencyasoulhassimplynothingtodo.Itkillsthecreativityofus.
Possibleanswer1:
Don’tagree.Itdepends.Sometimesgreatachievementscanbemadeaslongasyoucanmaintainconsistent.
Possibleanswer2:
Tosomeextend,Iagreewithhim.Wemustbewiseenoughto
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